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分类: Android平台

2013-07-03 17:33:47

http://blog.csdn.net/velanjun/article/details/7572601

交叉编译是制定 march , 否则报 "无效指令"错误.

iwconfig [interface]
       iwconfig interface [essid X] [nwid N] [mode M] [freq F]
                          [channel C][sens S ][ap A ][nick NN ]
                          [rate R] [rts RT] [frag FT] [txpower T]
                          [enc E] [key K] [power P] [retry R]
                          [commit]
       iwconfig --help
       iwconfig --version 

DESCRIPTION


       Iwconfig is  similar  to ifconfig(8), but is dedicated to the wireless
       interfaces. It is used to set the parameters of the  network  interface
       which  are  specific  to the wireless operation (for example : the fre-
       quency). Iwconfig may also be used to display  those  parameters,  and
       the wireless statistics (extracted from /proc/net/wireless).

       All  these  parameters and statistics are device dependent. Each driver
       will provide only some of them depending on hardware support,  and  the
       range of values may change. Please refer to the man page of each device
       for details.



PARAMETERS


       essid Set the ESSID (or Network Name - in some products it may also be
              called Domain ID). The ESSID is used to identify cells which are
              part of the same virtual network.
              As opposed to the AP Address or NWID which define a single cell,
              the  ESSID  defines  a group of cells connected via repeaters or
              infrastructure, where the user may roam transparently.
              With some cards, you  may  disable  the  ESSID  checking  (ESSID
              promiscuous) with off or any (and on to reenable it).
              If  the  ESSID  of  your  network is one of the special keywords
              (off, on or any), you should use -- to escape it. Examples : iwconfig eth0 essid any
                   iwconfig eth0 essid "My Network"
                   iwconfig eth0 essid -- "ANY" nwid/domain Set the Network ID (in some  products  it  may  also  be  called
              Domain  ID).  As  all  adjacent wireless networks share the same
              medium, this parameter is used  to  differenciate  them  (create
              logical  colocated networks) and identify nodes belonging to the
              same cell.
              This parameter is only used for pre-802.11 hardware, the  802.11
              protocol uses the ESSID and AP Address for this function.
              With  some  cards, you may disable the Network ID checking (NWID
              promiscuous) with off (and on to reenable it). Examples : iwconfig eth0 nwid AB34
                   iwconfig eth0 nwid off freq/channel Set the operating frequency or channel in the  device.  A  value
              below 1000 indicates a channel number, a value greater than 1000
              is a frequency in Hz. You may append the suffix k, M or G to the
              value  (for  example,  "2.46G"  for  2.46 GHz frequency), or add
              enough ’0’.
              Channels are usually numbered starting at 1,  and  you  may  use iwlist(8) to  get the total number of channels, list the avail-
              able frequencies, and display the current frequency as  a  chan-
              nel. Depending on regulations, some frequencies/channels may not
              be available.
              When using Managed mode, most often the  Access  Point  dictates
              the  channel  and  the driver may refuse the setting of the fre-
              quency. In Ad-Hoc mode, the frequency setting may only  be  used
              at  initial  cell  creation,  and may be ignored when joining an
              existing cell.
              You may also use off or auto to let the card pick  up  the  best
              channel (when supported). Examples : iwconfig eth0 freq 2422000000
                   iwconfig eth0 freq 2.422G
                   iwconfig eth0 channel 3
                   iwconfig eth0 channel auto sens Set  the  sensitivity threshold. This is the lowest signal level
              for which the hardware will  consider  receive  packets  usable.
              Positive  values  are  assumed  to  be the raw value used by the
              hardware or a percentage, negative values are assumed to be dBm.
              Depending  on  the  hardware  implementation, this parameter may
              control various functions.
              This parameter may control the  receive  threshold,  the  lowest
              signal  level  for which the hardware attempts packet reception,
              signals weaker than this are ignored. This may also controls the
              defer  threshold, the lowest signal level for which the hardware
              considers the channel busy. Proper setting  of  those  threshold
              prevent  the card to waste time receiving background noise. Mod-
              ern designs seems to control those thresholds automatically.
              On modern cards, this  parameter  may  control  handover/roaming
              threshold,  the  lowest  signal  level  for  which  the hardware
              remains associated with the current Access Point. When the  sig-
              nal  level goes below this threshold the card starts looking for
              a new/better Access Point. Example : iwconfig eth0 sens -80 mode Set the operating mode of the device, which depends on the  net-
              work  topology. The mode can be Ad-Hoc (network composed of only
              one cell and without Access Point), Managed (node connects to  a
              network  composed  of  many Access Points, with roaming), Master (the node is the synchronisation master or  acts  as  an  Access
              Point), Repeater (the node forwards packets between other wire-
              less  nodes), Secondary (the  node  acts  as  a  backup   mas-
              ter/repeater), Monitor (the node is not associated with any cell
              and passively monitor all packets on the frequency) or Auto. Example : iwconfig eth0 mode Managed
                   iwconfig eth0 mode Ad-Hoc ap Force the card to register to the  Access  Point  given  by  the
              address,  if  it is possible. When the quality of the connection
              goes too low, the driver may revert back to automatic mode  (the
              card selects the best Access Point in range).
              You  may also use off to re-enable automatic mode without chang-
              ing the current Access Point, or you may  use any or auto to
              force  the  card  to  reassociate with the currently best Access
              Point. Example : iwconfig eth0 ap 00:60:1D:01:23:45
                   iwconfig eth0 ap any
                   iwconfig eth0 ap off nick[name]
              Set the nickname, or the station name. Some 802.11  products  do
              define  it,  but  this is not used as far as the protocols (MAC,
              IP, TCP) are concerned and completely useless as far as configu-
              ration goes. Only some diagnostic tools may use it. Example : iwconfig eth0 nickname "My Linux Node" rate/bit[rate]
              For  cards  supporting  multiple  bit rates, set the bit-rate in
              b/s. The bit-rate is the speed at  which  bits  are  transmitted
              over  the  medium,  the  user  speed of the link is lower due to
              medium sharing and various overhead.
              You may append the suffix k, M or G to the value (decimal multi-
              plier  :  10^3,  10^6  and  10^9 b/s), or add enough ’0’. Values
              below 1000 are card specific, usually an index in  the  bit-rate
              list.  Use auto to select automatic bit-rate mode (fallback to
              lower rate on noisy channels), which is  the  default  for  most
              cards, and fixed to revert back to fixed setting. If you specify
              a bit-rate value and append auto, the driver will use  all  bit-
              rates lower and equal than this value. Examples : iwconfig eth0 rate 11M
                   iwconfig eth0 rate auto
                   iwconfig eth0 rate 5.5M auto rts[_threshold]
              RTS/CTS adds a handshake before each packet transmission to make
              sure  that  the  channel  is  clear.  This  adds  overhead,  but
              increases  performance in case of hidden nodes or a large number
              of active nodes. This parameter sets the size  of  the  smallest
              packet for which the node sends RTS ; a value equal to the maxi-
              mum packet size disables the mechanism. You may  also  set  this
              parameter to auto, fixed or off. Examples : iwconfig eth0 rts 250
                   iwconfig eth0 rts off frag[mentation_threshold]
              Fragmentation allows to split an IP packet in a burst of smaller
              fragments transmitted on the medium. In  most  cases  this  adds
              overhead, but in a very noisy environment this reduces the error
              penalty and allow packets to get  through  interference  bursts.
              This parameter sets the maximum fragment size ; a value equal to
              the maximum packet size disables the mechanism. You may also set
              this parameter to auto, fixed or off. Examples : iwconfig eth0 frag 512
                   iwconfig eth0 frag off key/enc[ryption]
              Used  to  manipulate  encryption or scrambling keys and security
              mode.
              To set the current encryption key, just enter  the  key  in  hex
              digits  as XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX or XXXXXXXX.  To set a key other
              than the current key, prepend  or  append [index] to  the  key
              itself (this won’t change which is the active key). You can also
              enter the key as  an  ASCII  string  by  using  the s: prefix.
              Passphrase is currently not supported.
              To  change  which  key  is  the currently active key, just enter [index] (without entering any key value). off and on disable and reenable encryption.
              The security mode may be open or restricted,  and  its  meaning
              depends  on  the  card  used.  With  most cards, in open mode no
              authentication is  used  and  the  card  may  also  accept  non-
              encrypted  sessions,  whereas  in restricted mode only encrypted
              sessions are accepted and the card will  use  authentication  if
              available.
              If  you  need  to set multiple keys, or set a key and change the
              active key, you need to use multiple key directives.  Arguments
              can be put in any order, the last one will take precedence. Examples : iwconfig eth0 key 0123-4567-89
                   iwconfig eth0 key [3] 0123-4567-89
                   iwconfig eth0 key s:password [2]
                   iwconfig eth0 key [2]
                   iwconfig eth0 key open
                   iwconfig eth0 key off
                   iwconfig eth0 key restricted [3] 0123456789
                   iwconfig eth0 key 01-23 key 45-67 [4] key [4] power Used  to manipulate power management scheme parameters and mode.
              To set the period between wake ups, enter period  ???value???.   To
              set  the  timeout  before  going  back  to  sleep, enter timeout
              ???value???.  You can  also  add  the min and max modifiers.  By
              default,  those  values are in seconds, append the suffix m or u
              to specify values in milliseconds  or  microseconds.  Sometimes,
              those  values are without units (number of beacon periods, dwell
              or similar). off and on disable and reenable power management.  Finally,  you
              may  set the power management mode to all (receive all packets), unicast (receive unicast packets  only,  discard  multicast  and
              broadcast)  and multicast (receive multicast and broadcast only,
              discard unicast packets). Examples : iwconfig eth0 power period 2
                   iwconfig eth0 power 500m unicast
                   iwconfig eth0 power timeout 300u all
                   iwconfig eth0 power off
                   iwconfig eth0 power min period 2 power max period 4 txpower For cards supporting multiple transmit powers, sets the transmit
              power in dBm. If W is the power in Watt, the power in dBm is P =
              30 + 10.log(W).  If the value is postfixed by mW,  it  will  be
              automatically converted to dBm.
              In  addition, on and off enable and disable the radio, and auto and fixed enable and disable power control  (if  those  features
              are available). Examples : iwconfig eth0 txpower 15
                   iwconfig eth0 txpower 30mW
                   iwconfig eth0 txpower auto
                   iwconfig eth0 txpower off retry Most  cards  have MAC retransmissions, and some allow to set the
              behaviour of the retry mechanism.
              To set the maximum number of retries, enter limit ???value???.  This
              is  an absolute value (without unit).  To set the maximum length
              of time the  MAC  should  retry,  enter lifetime  ???value???.   By
              defaults,  this value in in seconds, append the suffix m or u to
              specify values in milliseconds or microseconds.
              You can also add the min and max modifiers. If the card supports
              automatic mode, they define the bounds of the limit or lifetime.
              Some other cards define different  values  depending  on  packet
              size,  for  example in 802.11 min limit is the short retry limit
              (non RTS/CTS packets). Examples : iwconfig eth0 retry 16
                   iwconfig eth0 retry lifetime 300m
                   iwconfig eth0 retry min limit 8 commit Some cards may not apply changes done  through  Wireless  Exten-
              sions  immediately  (they  may  wait to aggregate the changes or
              apply it only when the card is brought up  via  ifconfig).  This
              command  (when  available)  forces the card to apply all pending
              changes.
              This is normally not needed, because the  card  will  eventually
              apply the changes, but can be useful for debugging.



DISPLAY


       For  each device which supports wireless extensions, iwconfig will dis-
       play the name of the MAC protocol used (name of device for  proprietary
       protocols), the ESSID (Network Name), the NWID, the frequency (or chan-
       nel), the sensitivity, the mode of operation, the Access Point address,
       the bit-rate,  the RTS  threshold,  the fragmentation threshold, the encryption key and the power management settings (depending  on  avail-
       ability).

       The parameters displayed have the same meaning and values as the param-
       eters you can set, please refer to the previous  part  for  a  detailed
       explanation of them.
       Some  parameters  are only displayed in short/abbreviated form (such as
       encryption). You may use iwlist(8) to get all the details.
       Some parameters have two modes (such as bitrate). If the value is  pre-
       fixed  by  ‘=’, it means that the parameter is fixed and forced to that
       value, if it is prefixed by ‘:’, the parameter is in automatic mode and
       the current value is shown (and may change). Access Point/Cell An address equal to 00:00:00:00:00:00 means that the card failed
              to associate with an Access Point (most likely  a  configuration
              issue).  The Access Point parameter will be shown as Cell in ad-
              hoc mode (for obvious reasons), but otherwise works the same.

       If /proc/net/wireless exists, iwconfig will also display  its  content.
       Note  that  those  values  will  depend  on the driver and the hardware
       specifics, so you need to refer to your driver documentation for proper
       interpretation of those values. Link quality Overall  quality  of the link. May be based on the level of con-
              tention or interference, the bit or frame error rate,  how  good
              the  received  signal  is, some timing synchronisation, or other
              hardware metric. This is an aggregate value, and depends totally
              on the driver and hardware. Signal level Received  signal strength (RSSI - how strong the received signal
              is). May be arbitrary units or dBm, iwconfig uses  driver  meta
              information  to interpret the raw value given by /proc/net/wire-
              less and display the proper unit or maximum value (using  8  bit
              arithmetic).  In Ad-Hoc mode,  this  may  be undefined and you
              should use iwspy. Noise level Background noise level (when no packet is transmitted).  Similar
              comments as for Signal level. Rx invalid nwid Number  of packets received with a different NWID or ESSID. Used
              to detect configuration problems or adjacent  network  existence
              (on the same frequency). Rx invalid crypt Number  of packets that the hardware was unable to decrypt. This
              can be used to detect invalid encryption settings. Rx invalid frag Number of packets for which the hardware was not able  to  prop-
              erly  re-assemble  the link layer fragments (most likely one was
              missing). Tx excessive retries Number of packets that the hardware failed to deliver. Most  MAC
              protocols  will retry the packet a number of times before giving
              up. Invalid misc Other packets lost in relation  with  specific  wireless  opera-
              tions. Missed beacon Number  of periodic beacons from the Cell or the Access Point we
              have missed. Beacons are sent at regular intervals  to  maintain
              the cell coordination, failure to receive them usually indicates
              that the card is out of range.

===============================================================================================================================
iwconfig是Linux Wireless
Extensions(LWE)的用户层配置工具之一。LWE是Linux下对无线网络配置的工具,包括内核的支持、用户层配置工具和驱动接口的支持三部分。目前很多无线网卡都支持LWE,而且主流的Linux发布版本,比如Redhat
Linux、Ubuntu Linux都已经带了这个配置工具。
  1、iwconfig
  用法: iwconfig interface [essid {NN|on|off}]
  [nwid {NN|on|off}]
  [mode {managed|ad-hoc|...}
  [freq N.NNNN[k|M|G]]
  [channel N]
  [ap {N|off|auto}]
  [sens N]
  [nick N]
  [rate {N|auto|fixed}]
  [rts {N|auto|fixed|off}]
  [frag {N|auto|fixed|off}]
  [enc {NNNN-NNNN|off}]
  [power {period N|timeout N}]
  [retry {limit N|lifetime N}]
  [txpower N {mW|dBm}]
  [commit]
  说明:iwconfig是LWE最主要的工具,可以对无线网卡的大部分参数进行配置。
  参数:
  essid:设置无线网卡的ESSID(Extension Service Set
ID)。通过ESSID来区分不同的无线网络,正常情况下只有相同ESSID的无线站点才可以互相通讯,除非想监听无线网络。其后的参数为双引号括起的ESSID字符串,或者是any/on/off,如果ESSID字符串中包含
  any/no/off,则需要在前面加"--"。
  示例:
  #iwconfig eth0 essid any                   允许任何ESSID,也就是混杂模式
  #iwconfig eth0 essid "My Network"          设置ESSID为"My Network"
  #iwconfig eth0 essid -- "ANY"              设置ESSID为"ANY"
  nwid: Network ID,只用于pre-802.11的无线网卡,802.11网卡利用ESSID和AP的MAC地址来替换nwid,现在基本上不用设置。
  示例:
  #iwconfig eth0 nwid AB34
  #iwconfig eth0 nwid off
  nick: Nickname,一些网卡需要设置该参数,但是802.11协议栈、MAC都没有用到该参数,一般也不用设置。
  示例:
  #iwconfig eth0 nickname "My Linux Node"
  mode:设置无线网卡的工作模式,可以是
  Ad-hoc:不带AP的点对点无线网络
  Managed:通过多个AP组成的网络,无线设备可以在这个网络中漫游
  Master:设置该无线网卡为一个AP
  Repeater:设置为无线网络中继设备,可以转发网络包
  Secondary:设置为备份的AP/Repeater
  Monitor:监听模式
  Auto:由无线网卡自动选择工作模式
  示例:
  #iwconfig eth0 mode Managed
  #iwconfig eth0 mode Ad-Hoc
  freq/channel:设置无线网卡的工作频率或者频道,小于1000的参数被认为是频道,大于10000的参数被认为是频率。频率单位为Hz,可以在数字后面附带k,
M, G来改变数量级,比如2.4G。频道从1开始。使用lwlist工具可以查看无线网卡支持的频率和频道。参数off/auto指示无线网络自动挑选频率。
  注意:如果是Managed模式,AP会指示无线网卡的工作频率,因此该设置的参数会被忽略。Ad-hoc模式下只使用该设定的频率初始无线网络,如果加入已经存在的Ad-hoc网络则会忽略该设置的频率参数。
  示例:
  #iwconfig eth0 freq 2422000000
  #iwconfig eth0 freq 2.422G
  #iwconfig eth0 channel 3
  #iwconfig eth0 channel auto
  ap:连接到指定的AP或者无线网络,后面的参数可以是AP的MAC地址,也可以是iwlist
scan出来的标识符。如果是Ad-hoc,则连接到一个已经存在的Ad-hoc网络。使用off参数让无线网卡不改变当前已连接的AP下进入自动模式。any/auto参数,无线网卡自动选择最好的AP。
  注意:如果无线信号低到一定程度,无线网络会进入自动选择AP模式。
  示例:
  #iwconfig eth0 ap 00:60:1D:01:23:45
  #iwconfig eth0 ap any
  #iwconfig eth0 ap off
  rate/bit:如果无线网卡支持多速率,则可以通过该命令设置工作的速率。小于1000的参数由具体的无线网卡驱动定义,一般是传输速率的索引值,大于1000的为速率,单位bps,可以在数字后面附带k,
M, G来指定数量级。auto参数让无线网卡自动选择速率     fixed参数让无线网卡不使用自动速率模式。
  示例:
  #iwconfig eth0 rate 11M
  #iwconfig eth0 rate auto
  #iwconfig eth0 rate 5.5M auto    //自动选择5.5M以下的速率
  txpower:如果无线网卡支持多发射功率设定,则使用该参数设定发射,单位为dBm,如果指定为W(毫瓦),只转换公式为:
  dBm=30+log(W)。参数on/off可以打开和关闭发射单元,auto和fixed指定无线是否自动选择发射功率。
  示例:
  #iwconfig eth0 txpower 15
  #iwconfig eth0 txpower 30mW
  #iwconfig eth0 txpower auto
  #iwconfig eth0 txpower off  
  sens:设置接收灵敏度的下限,在该下限之下,无线网卡认为该无线网络信号太差,不同的网卡会采取不同的措施,一些现代的无线网卡会自动选择新的AP。正的参数为raw
data,直接传给无线网卡驱动处理,一般认为是百分比。负值表示dBm值。
  示例:
  #iwconfig eth0 sens -80
  #iwconfig eth0 sens 2
  retry:设置无线网卡的重传机制。limit ‘value’ 指定最大重传次数;lifetime
‘value’指定最长重试时间,单位为秒,可以附带m和u来指定单位为毫秒和微秒。如果无线网卡支持自动模式,则在limit和lifetime之前还可以附加min和max来指定上下限值。
  示例:
  #iwconfig eth0 retry 16
  #iwconfig eth0 retry lifetime 300m
  #iwconfig eth0 retry min limit 8
  rts:指定RTS/CTS握手方式,使用RTS/CTS握手会增加额外开销,但如果无线网络中有隐藏无线节点或者有很多无线节点时可以提高性能。
  后面的参数指定一个使用该机制的最小包的大小,如果该值等于最大包大小,则相当于禁止使用该机制。可以使用auto/off/fixed
  参数。
  示例:
  #iwconfig eth0 rts 250
  #iwconfig eth0 rts off
  frag:设置发送数据包的分片大小。设置分片会增加额外开销,但在噪声环境下可以提高数据包的到达率。一般情况下该参数小于最大包大小,有些支持Burst模式的无线网卡可以设置大于最大包大小的值来允许Burst模式。还可以使用auto/fixed/off参数。
  示例:
  #iwconfig eth0 frag 512
  #iwconfig eth0 frag off     
  key/enc[ryption]:设置无线网卡使用的加密密钥,此处为设置WEP模式的加密key,如果要使用WPA,需要wpa_supplicant工具包。密钥参数可以是
XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX 或者 XXXXXXXX
格式的十六进制数值,也可以是s:xxxxxx的ASCII字符。如果在密钥参数之前加了[index],则只是设置该索引值对应的密钥,并不改变当前的密钥。直接指定[index]值可以设置当前使用哪一个密钥。指定on/off可以控制是否使用加密模式。open/restricted指定加密模式,取决于不同的无线网卡,大多数无线网卡的open模式不使用加密且允许接收没有加密的数据包,restricted模式使用加密。可以使用多个key参数,但只有最后一个生效。
  WEP密钥可以是40bit,用10个十六进制数字或者5个ASCII字符表示,也可以是128bit,用26个十六进制数字或者13个ASCII字符表示。
  示例:
  #iwconfig eth0 key 0123-4567-89
  #iwconfig eth0 key [3] 0123-4567-89
  #iwconfig eth0 key s:password [2]
  #iwconfig eth0 key [2]
  #iwconfig eth0 key open
  #iwconfig eth0 key off
  #iwconfig eth0 key restricted [3] 0123456789
  #iwconfig eth0 key 01-23 key 45-67 [4] key [4]
  power:设置无线网卡的电源管理模式。period ‘value’ 指定唤醒的周期,timeout
‘value’指定进入休眠的等待时间,这两个参数之前可以加min和max修饰,这些值的单位为秒,可以附加m和u来指定毫秒和微秒。off/on参数指定是否允许电源管理,all/unicast/multicast
  指定允许唤醒的数据包类型。
  示例:
  #iwconfig eth0 power period 2
  #iwconfig eth0 power 500m unicast
  #iwconfig eth0 power timeout 300u all
  #iwconfig eth0 power off
  #iwconfig eth0 power min period 2 power max period 4
  commit:提交所有的参数修改给无线网卡驱动。有些无线网卡驱动会先缓存无线网卡参数修,使用这个命令来让无线网卡的参数修改生效。不过一般不需要使用该命令,因为无线网卡驱动最终都会是参数的修改生效,一般在debug时会用到。
  为了方便配置,可以把配置写到 /etc/network/interfaces中,这样以后就不用反复配置了。
  auto lo
  iface lo inet loopback
  auto eth1
  iface eth1 inet static
  address 192.168.1.3
  netmask 255.255.255.0
  gateway 192.168.1.1
  echo nameserver 192.168.1.1>/etc/resolv.conf
  pre-up /sbin/iwconfig eth1 essid "LW HOME LINK"
  pre-up /sbin/iwconfig eth1 key s:liwei
  auto usb0
  iface usb0 inet static
  address 192.168.0.200
  netmask 255.255.255.0
  auto dsl-provider
  iface dsl-provider inet ppp
  pre-up /sbin/ifconfig eth0 up # line maintained by pppoeconf
  provider dsl-provider
  auto eth0
  iface eth0 inet manual
 
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