UBOOT 的 lowlevel_init.S，代码分析，底层分析，底层初始化
这个文件主要是设置系统时钟，初始化flash，以及SDRAM。。。
..\u-boot-1.3.1\cpu\arm920t\at91rm9200\lowlevel_init.S
#include
#include
//CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT定义见..\u-boot-1.3.1\include\configs\at91rm9200dk.h
#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT
/*
* some parameters for the board
*
* This is based on rm9200dk.cfg for the BDI2000 from ABATRON which in
* turn is based on the boot.bin code from ATMEL
*
*/
//flash相关寄存器
/* flash */
#define MC_PUIA 0xFFFFFF10
#define MC_PUP 0xFFFFFF50
#define MC_PUER 0xFFFFFF54
#define MC_ASR 0xFFFFFF04
#define MC_AASR 0xFFFFFF08
#define EBI_CFGR 0xFFFFFF64
#define SMC2_CSR 0xFFFFFF70
//系统时钟相关寄存器
/* clocks */
#define PLLAR 0xFFFFFC28
#define PLLBR 0xFFFFFC2C
#define MCKR 0xFFFFFC30
#define AT91C_BASE_CKGR 0xFFFFFC20
#define CKGR_MOR 0
//sdram相关寄存器
/* sdram */
#define PIOC_ASR 0xFFFFF870
#define PIOC_BSR 0xFFFFF874
#define PIOC_PDR 0xFFFFF804
#define EBI_CSA 0xFFFFFF60
#define SDRC_CR 0xFFFFFF98
#define SDRC_MR 0xFFFFFF90
#define SDRC_TR 0xFFFFFF94
_MTEXT_BASE:
#undef START_FROM_MEM//从flash，还是从sdram启动， 这里定义从sdram启动
#ifdef START_FROM_MEM
.word TEXT_BASE-PHYS_FLASH_1
#else
.word TEXT_BASE//TEXT_BASE在..\u-boot-1.3.1\board\at91rm9200dk\config.mk
#endif
.globl lowlevel_init
lowlevel_init:
/* Get the CKGR Base Address */
ldr r1, =AT91C_BASE_CKGR //初始化系统时钟
/* Main oscillator Enable register */
#ifdef CFG_USE_MAIN_OSCILLATOR
ldr r0, =0x0000FF01 /* Enable main oscillator, OSCOUNT = 0xFF */
#else
ldr r0, =0x0000FF00 /* Disable main oscillator, OSCOUNT = 0xFF */
#endif
str r0, [r1, #CKGR_MOR]
/* Add loop to compensate Main Oscillator startup time */
ldr r0, =0x00000010//这个地方相当与一段延时，保证系统时钟设置正常
LoopOsc:
subs r0, r0, #1
bhi LoopOsc
/* memory control configuration *///初始化flash
/* this isn't very elegant, but what the heck */
ldr r0, =SMRDATA //将标号SMRDATA所标识的地址写入r0
ldr r1, _MTEXT_BASE //将标号_MTEXT_BASE处的数据写入r1
sub r0, r0, r1 //得到相对起始地址 我总觉得这个地方有些问题，可很多人认为没有问题。。。。有待深究，是不是我多了呢？
add r2, r0, #80 //得到相对结束地址
0:
/* the address */
//不仔细的看，你还真发现不了这个地方的妙处，哈哈，想法挺好。。。。
//需要配合下面的表一起看，估计你就能明白了。
ldr r1, [r0], #4 //R1 ← [R0] , R0 ← R0 + 4
/* the value */
ldr r3, [r0], #4
str r3, [r1]
cmp r2, r0
bne 0b
/* delay - this is all done by guess */
ldr r0, =0x00010000
1:
subs r0, r0, #1
bhi 1b
ldr r0, =SMRDATA1//初始化sdram
ldr r1, _MTEXT_BASE
sub r0, r0, r1
add r2, r0, #176
2:
/* the address */
ldr r1, [r0], #4
/* the value */
ldr r3, [r0], #4
str r3, [r1]
cmp r2, r0
bne 2b
/* switch from FastBus to Asynchronous clock mode */
//结合datasheet看，有详细的描述
mrc p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0 //将读出的数据放到r0中
orr r0, r0, #0xC0000000 @ set bit 31 (iA) and 30 (nF)
//主要是设置C1,异步模式;C0是只读的
mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0
/* everything is fine now */
mov pc, lr
.ltorg
SMRDATA:
.word MC_PUIA
.word MC_PUIA_VAL//..\u-boot-1.3.1\include\configs\at91rm9200dk.h有定义
.word MC_PUP
.word MC_PUP_VAL
.word MC_PUER
.word MC_PUER_VAL
.word MC_ASR
.word MC_ASR_VAL
.word MC_AASR
.word MC_AASR_VAL
.word EBI_CFGR
.word EBI_CFGR_VAL
.word SMC2_CSR
.word SMC2_CSR_VAL
.word PLLAR
.word PLLAR_VAL
.word PLLBR
.word PLLBR_VAL
.word MCKR
.word MCKR_VAL
/* SMRDATA is 80 bytes long */
/* here there's a delay of 100 */
SMRDATA1:
.word PIOC_ASR
.word PIOC_ASR_VAL
.word PIOC_BSR
.word PIOC_BSR_VAL
.word PIOC_PDR
.word PIOC_PDR_VAL
.word EBI_CSA
.word EBI_CSA_VAL
.word SDRC_CR
.word SDRC_CR_VAL
.word SDRC_MR
.word SDRC_MR_VAL
.word SDRAM
.word SDRAM_VAL
.word SDRC_MR
.word SDRC_MR_VAL1
.word SDRAM
.word SDRAM_VAL
.word SDRAM
.word SDRAM_VAL
.word SDRAM
.word SDRAM_VAL
.word SDRAM
.word SDRAM_VAL
.word SDRAM
.word SDRAM_VAL
.word SDRAM
.word SDRAM_VAL
.word SDRAM
.word SDRAM_VAL
.word SDRAM
.word SDRAM_VAL
.word SDRC_MR
.word SDRC_MR_VAL2
.word SDRAM1
.word SDRAM_VAL
.word SDRC_TR
.word SDRC_TR_VAL
.word SDRAM
.word SDRAM_VAL
.word SDRC_MR
.word SDRC_MR_VAL3
.word SDRAM
.word SDRAM_VAL
/* SMRDATA1 is 176 bytes long */
#endif /* CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT */
//------------------这有另一篇文章：-----------------------------
本文主要分析与U-Boot启动过程相关的汇编代码lowlevel_init.S，目标平台以PXA270为例。
文件位于board/myboard/lowlevel_init.S，主要执行内存相关的初始化
把链接寄存器LR(即R14)的值转存到寄存器R10中，以便lowlevel_init完成后恢复执行
.globl lowlevel_init
lowlevel_init:
mov r10, lr
按顺序初始化GPIO寄存器： GPSR GPCR GRER GFER GPDR GAFR PSSR
/* Set up GPIO pins first */
ldr r0, =GPSR0
ldr r1, =CFG_GPSR0_VAL
str r1, [r0]
.....
初始化内存控制器
/* Initlialize Memory Controller */
@ skip memory init if we're run in ram(must be a JTAG run)
mov r0, pc
ldr r1, =0xa0000000
and r0, r0, r1 /* 把当前PC寄存器的值与0xa0000000逻辑与*/
cmp r0, r1 /* 如果结果等于0xa0000000，说明uboot是从RAM启动的 */
beq mem_init_done /* 那么就需要跳过RAM初始化， 直接跳转到mem_init_done执行 */
/* 具体的初始化操作与目标板有很大相关性，下面以我的PXA270开发板为例 */
mem_init:
@ get memory controller base address
ldr r1, =MEMC_BASE /* 内存控制器基地址 */
初始化内存控制器 Step 1
@****************************************************************************
@ Step 1
@
@ Step 1a
/* Initlialize Static Memory Control register */
/* 初始化MSCx寄存器需要设置 */
/* RBUFFx —— Return Data Buffer vs. Streaming Behavior */
/* RRRx —— ROM/SRAM Recovery Time */
/* RDNx —— ROM Delay Next Access */
/* RDFx —— The ROM Delay First Access */
/* RBWx —— ROM Bus Width */
/* RTx —— ROM Type */
@ write msc0, read back to ensure data latches
ldr r2, =CFG_MSC0_VAL
str r2, [r1, #MSC0_OFFSET]
ldr r2, [r1, #MSC0_OFFSET] /* Ensure that the new value has been accepted and programmed */
......
@ Step 1b
/* 配置PCMCIA和CF需要设置下面这些寄存器 */
@ MECR —— Expansion Memory (PC Card/CompactFlash) Bus Configuration register
@ MCMEMx —— PC Card Interface Common Memory Space Socket 0/1 Timing Configuration register
@ MCATTx —— PC Card Interface Attribute Space Socket 0/1 Timing Configuration register
@ MCIOx —— PC Card Interface I/O Space Socket 0/1 Timing Configuration register
@ Step 1c
@ fly-by-dma is defeatured on this part
@ write flycnfg —— Fly-by DMA DVAL<1:0> polarities
@ldr r2, =CFG_FLYCNFG_VAL
@str r2, [r1, #FLYCNFG_OFFSET]
@ Step 1d
@ fetch platform value of mdcnfg —— SDRAM Configuration register
@
ldr r2, =CFG_MDCNFG_VAL
@ disable all sdram banks
@
bic r2, r2, #(MDCNFG_DE0 | MDCNFG_DE1)
bic r2, r2, #(MDCNFG_DE2 | MDCNFG_DE3)
str r2, [r1, #MDCNFG_OFFSET]
@ Step 1e
@ write MDREFR —— SDRAM Refresh Control register
ldr r3, = CFG_MDREFR_VAL
ldr r2, = 0xFFF /* DRI mask */
and r3, r3, r2
ldr r4, [r1, #MDREFR_OFFSET] /* reset value */
bic r4, r4, r2 /* clear DRI field —— SDRAM Refresh Interval for All Partitions */
orr r4, r4, r3
orr r4, r4, #MDREFR_K0RUN /* SDCLK0 Run Control/Status */
bic r4, r4, #MDREFR_K0DB2 /* SDCLK0 Divide by 2 Control/Status */
bic r4, r4, #MDREFR_K0DB4 /* SDCLK0 Divide by 4 Control/Status */
bic r4, r4, #MDREFR_K2FREE /* SDCLK<2> Free-Running Control */
bic r4, r4, #MDREFR_K1FREE
bic r4, r4, #MDREFR_K0FREE
orr r4, r4, #MDREFR_SLFRSH /* SDRAM Self-Refresh Control/Status， Self-refresh enabled */
/* write back MDREFR */
str r4, [r1, #MDREFR_OFFSET]
初始化内存控制器 Step 2
@ Step 2
@ Configure synchronus flash memory
初始化内存控制器 Step 3
@ Step 3
@ Configure SDRAM
ldr r2, =CFG_MDREFR_VAL
bic r2, #MDREFR_APD /* SDRAM/Synchronous Static Memory Auto-Power-Down Enable */
str r2, [r1, #MDREFR_OFFSET]
ldr r3, [r1, #MDREFR_OFFSET] @ read back to make sure write action completed
初始化内存控制器 Step 4
@ Step 4
@ write initial value of mdcnfg, w/o enabling sdram banks
@
ldr r2, =CFG_MDCNFG_VAL
bic r2, r2, #(MDCNFG_DE0 | MDCNFG_DE1)
bic r2, r2, #(MDCNFG_DE2 | MDCNFG_DE3)
str r2, [r1, #MDCNFG_OFFSET]
@ldr r2, = CFG_MDREFR_VAL
@str r2, [r1, #MDREFR_OFFSET]
初始化内存控制器 Step 5
@ Step 5
@ pause for 200 uSecs
@
ldr r3, =OSCR @ reset the OS Timer Count to zero
mov r2, #0
str r2, [r3]
ldr r4, =0x300 @ really 0x2E1 is about 200usec, so 0x300 should be plenty ——3.25MHz clock
1:
ldr r2, [r3] /* r2读OS Timer Count*/
cmp r4, r2 /* 比较OS Timer Count和r4 */
bgt 1b /* 如果时间没到就循环 */
初始化内存控制器 Step 6
@ Step 6
@ Disable XScale Data Cache
mov r0, #0x78 @turn everything off
mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0 @(caches off, MMU off, etc.) /* 设置协处理器P15 */
初始化内存控制器 Step 7 - 11
@ Step 7
@ Access memory *not yet enabled* for CBR refresh cycles (8) *NOTE: hardware reset only
@ - CBR is generated for all banks
ldr r2, =CFG_DRAM_BASE
str r2, [r2]
str r2, [r2]
str r2, [r2]
str r2, [r2]
str r2, [r2]
str r2, [r2]
str r2, [r2]
str r2, [r2]
@ Step 8
@ Enable data cache
@ Step 9
@ Enable SDRAM
@fetch current mdcnfg value
ldr r3, [r1, #MDCNFG_OFFSET]
orr r3, r3, #MDCNFG_DE0 /* enable sdram bank0 */
@write back mdcnfg, enabling the sdram bank(s)
str r3, [r1, #MDCNFG_OFFSET]
@ Step 10
@ write mdmrs —— SDRAM Mode Register Set Configuration Register
@
ldr r2, =CFG_MDMRS_VAL
str r2, [r1, #MDMRS_OFFSET]
@ Step 11
@ Enable MDREFR[APD] optionally
ldr r2, =CFG_MDREFR_VAL
str r2, [r1, #MDREFR_OFFSET]
Done Memory Init
mem_init_done:
@********************************************************************
@ Disable (mask) all interrupts at the interrupt controller
@
@ clear the interrupt level register (use IRQ, not FIQ)
@
mov r1, #0
ldr r2, =ICLR
str r1, [r2]
@ Set interrupt mask register
@
ldr r1, =CFG_ICMR_VAL /* set ICMR = 0, no interrupts enabled */
ldr r2, =ICMR
str r1, [r2]
@ ********************************************************************
@ Disable the peripheral clocks, and set the core clock
@
@ Turn Off ALL on-chip peripheral clocks for re-configuration
@
ldr r1, =CKEN /*clock enable register */
mov r2, #0
str r2, [r1]
@ set core clocks
@
ldr r1, =CCCR /* core clock configuration register */
ldr r2, [r1, #0]
ldr r3, =(CCCR_L_MASK | CCCR_2N_MASK)
bic r2, r2, r3
/* Run-Mode-to-Oscillator Ratio (L) creates the nominal run mode frequency by multiplying the 13-MHz processor oscillator by L. */
/* Turbo-Mode-to-Run-Mode Ratio (N) creates the nominal turbo-mode frequency by multiplying the run-mode frequency by N. */
/* core freq: Normal 208MHz, Turbo 312MHz */
ldr r3, =(16 | 3<<7) /* Turbo-Mode-to-Run-Mode Ratio, N = 3/2 */
orr r2, r2, r3 /* Run-Mode-to-Oscillator Ratio = 16*13 MHz, */
str r2, [r1]
#ifdef ENABLE32KHZ
@ enable the 32Khz oscillator for RTC and PowerManager
@
ldr r1, =OSCC /* oscillator configuration register */
mov r2, #OSCC_OON /* 32.768kHz OON (write-once only bit) */
str r2, [r1]
@ NOTE: spin here until OSCC.OOK get set,
@ meaning the PLL has settled.
@
60:
ldr r2, [r1]
ands r2, r2, #1 /* r2 = r2 & 0x1, 取出最低位数据 */
beq 60b
#endif
@ Turn on needed clocks
@
ldr r1, =CKEN
ldr r2, =CFG_CKEN_VAL
str r2, [r1]
lowlevel_init完成
mov pc, r10 /* 恢复链接寄存器的值到PC,返回start.S调用lowlevel_init处继续执行 */
@ End lowlevel_init
