Erlang的集群是由各个节点组成的,一个节点有一个名字来标识,而不管这个节点在网络的物理位置,所以在部署Erlang集群的时候就很方便。只要在集群里新启动一个节点,给个相对固定的引导的节点,让新节点和这个引导节点取得联系,由引导节点把新节点介绍入集群就OK了。
在实践中,新采购的机器上通常配置好IP,以及ssh访问权限。 我们需要在新机器上手工安装Erlang系统,部署新应用,然后启动应用节点,加入集群服务,这个步骤很繁琐。我们希望能够自动化去做这个事情。common_test的ct_系列模块来救助了。
common_test是A framework for automated testing of arbitrary target nodes,它随带的ct_ssh可以透过ssh在远程机器上执行各种各样的shell命令,通过scp传输数据;而ct_slave非常方便的可以连接到远程机器启动一个erlang节点。
pool()模块也可以远程启动节点,但是它要依赖于操纵系统的ssh工具,需要在机器之间做ssh互信,也就是说ssh targetip这样的不能出现任何的交互,比如说键入密码,很不方便。
我们首先来演示下如何在远程机器上执行ssh命令:
我们开个ssh以用户yourname连接到本机127.0.0.1执行模拟上传文件,下载文件,执行文件拷贝操纵等。
- #首先我们准备个配置文件
- $ cd ~
- $ cat sshdemo.config
- {sshdemo,
- [
- {ssh, "127.0.0.1"},
- {port, 22},
- {user, "yourname"},
- {password, "yourpassword"}
- ]
- }.
- $ mkdir /tmp/sshdemo
- $ run_test -shell -config sshdemo.config
- Erlang R14B01 (erts-5.8.5) 1 [smp:2:2] [rq:2] [async-threads:0] [hipe] [kernel-poll:false]
- Common Test v1.5.1 starting (cwd is /Users/yufeng)
- Eshell V5.8.5 (abort with ^G)
- (ct@yufengdemacbook)1>
- Installing: [{ct_config_plain,["/Users/yufeng/sshdemo.config"]}]
- Updated /Users/yufeng/last_interactive.html
- Any CT activities will be logged here
- (ct@yufengdemacbook)1> {ok, CH}=ct_ssh:connect(sshdemo, sftp).
- {ok,}
- (ct@yufengdemacbook)2> ct_ssh:list_dir(CH, "/tmp/sshdemo").
- {ok,["..","."]}
- (ct@yufengdemacbook)3> ct_ssh:write_file(CH, "/tmp/sshdemo/test.dat", "hello").
- ok
- (ct@yufengdemacbook)4> ct_ssh:read_file(CH, "/tmp/sshdemo/test.dat").
- {ok,<>}
- (ct@yufengdemacbook)5> {ok, CH1}=ct_ssh:connect(sshdemo, ssh).
- {ok,}
- (ct@yufengdemacbook)6> ct_ssh:exec(CH1, "cp /tmp/sshdemo/test.dat /tmp/sshdemo/test1.dat").
- {ok,[]}
- (ct@yufengdemacbook)7>
- ...
- $ ls /tmp/sshdemo
- test.dat test1.dat
通过上面的试验,我们可以很方便的透过ssh在目标机器安装我们的erlang系统以及部署我们的应用。接下来我们来演示下如何在目标机器开启一个节点:
- $ run_test -shell -name x@127.0.0.1
- Erlang R14B01 (erts-5.8.5) 1 [smp:2:2] [rq:2] [async-threads:0] [hipe] [kernel-poll:false]
- Common Test v1.5.1 starting (cwd is /Users/yufeng)
- Eshell V5.8.5 (abort with ^G)
- (x@127.0.0.1)1>
- Updated /Users/yufeng/last_interactive.html
- Any CT activities will be logged here
- (x@127.0.0.1)1> ct_slave:start('127.0.0.1', y, [{username, "yourname"},{password, "yourpassword"}]).
- {error,boot_timeout,'y@127.0.0.1'}
我们可以看到我们可耻的失败了,我们没在默认的3秒内看到我们的节点启动成功。问题出在哪里呢?我们来系统的跟踪下:
首先从源码ct_slave.erl:L403中我们可以清楚的看到:
- % spawn node remotely
- spawn_remote_node(Host, Node, Options) ->
- Username = Options#options.username,
- Password = Options#options.password,
- ErlFlags = Options#options.erl_flags,
- SSHOptions = case {Username, Password} of
- {[], []}->
- [];
- {_, []}->
- [{user, Username}];
- {_, _}->
- [{user, Username}, {password, Password}]
- end ++ [{silently_accept_hosts, true}],
- check_for_ssh_running(),
- {ok, SSHConnRef} = ssh:connect(atom_to_list(Host), 22, SSHOptions),
- {ok, SSHChannelId} = ssh_connection:session_channel(SSHConnRef, infinity),
- ssh_connection:exec(SSHConnRef, SSHChannelId, get_cmd(Node, ErlFlags), infinity).
- ...
- % wait N seconds until node is pingable
- wait_for_node_alive(_Node, 0) ->
- pang;
- wait_for_node_alive(Node, N) ->
- timer:sleep(1000),
- case net_adm:ping(Node) of
- pong->
- pong;
- pang->
- wait_for_node_alive(Node, N-1)
- end.
- %%等待的逻辑
- ...
- MasterHost = gethostname(),
- if
- MasterHost == Host ->
- spawn_local_node(Node, Options);
- true->
- spawn_remote_node(Host, Node, Options)
- end,
- BootTimeout = Options#options.boot_timeout,
- InitTimeout = Options#options.init_timeout,
- StartupTimeout = Options#options.startup_timeout,
- Result = case wait_for_node_alive(ENode, BootTimeout) of
- pong->
- call_functions(ENode, Functions2),
- receive
- {node_started, ENode}->
- receive
- {node_ready, ENode}->
- {ok, ENode}
- after StartupTimeout*1000->
- {error, startup_timeout, ENode}
- end
- after InitTimeout*1000 ->
- {error, init_timeout, ENode}
- end;
- pang->
- {error, boot_timeout, ENode}
- end,
- ...
我们来用强大的dbg跟踪下ct_slave的执行情况:
- (x@127.0.0.1)2> dbg:tracer().
- {ok,}
- (x@127.0.0.1)3> dbg:p(all,c).
- {ok,[{matched,'x@127.0.0.1',32}]}
- (x@127.0.0.1)4> dbg:tpl(ssh_connection,exec, [{'_', [], [{return_trace}]}]).
- {ok,[{matched,'x@127.0.0.1',1},{saved,1}]}
- (x@127.0.0.1)5> dbg:tpl(ct_slave,wait_for_node_alive, [{'_', [], [{return_trace}]}]).
- {ok,[{matched,'x@127.0.0.1',1},{saved,2}]}
- (x@127.0.0.1)6> ct_slave:start('127.0.0.1', y, [{username, "yourname"},{password, "yourpassword"} ]).
- () call ssh_connection:exec(,0,"erl -detached -noinput -setcookie VSVDYDCFVTPSDPBFHQMY -name y ",infinity)
- () returned from ssh_connection:exec/4 -> success
- () call ct_slave:wait_for_node_alive('y@127.0.0.1',3)
- () call ct_slave:wait_for_node_alive('y@127.0.0.1',2)
- () call ct_slave:wait_for_node_alive('y@127.0.0.1',1)
- {error,boot_timeout,'y@127.0.0.1'}
- (x@127.0.0.1)7> code:which(ct_slave).
- "/usr/local/lib/erlang/lib/common_test-1.5.4/ebin/ct_slave.beam"
从上面的跟踪命令我们知道我们的ssh命令是执行成功的,但是在等待节点的时候失败了,通过查看进程和epmd也可以验证这一点:
- $ ps -ef|grep beam
- ...
- 500 36161 36120 0 0:00.24 ttys000 0:00.81 /usr/local/lib/erlang/erts-5.8.5/bin/beam.smp -- -root /usr/local/lib/erlang -progname erl -- -home /Users/yufeng -- -name x@127.0.0.1 -s ct_run script_start -shell
- 501 26067 1 0 0:00.03 ?? 0:00.21 /opt/local/lib/erlang/erts-5.8.5/bin/beam -- -root /opt/local/lib/erlang -progname erl -- -home /Users/yufeng -noshell -noinput -noshell -noinput -setcookie VSVDYDCFVTPSDPBFHQMY -name y
- ...
- $ epmd -names
- epmd: up and running on port 4369 with data:
- name x at port 49869
- name y at port 49838
从上面的分析,我们可以清楚的看到:
我们想要的名字是 -name y@127.0.0.1, 等待的也是这个名字,但是ct_slave启动的是-name y.这明显是个bug!
我们看下代码确定如何修复:
- % get cmd for starting Erlang
- get_cmd(Node, Flags) ->
- Cookie = erlang:get_cookie(),
- "erl -detached -noinput -setcookie "++ atom_to_list(Cookie) ++
- long_or_short() ++ atom_to_list(Node) ++ " " ++ Flags.
- % make a Erlang node name from name and hostname
- enodename(Host, Node) ->
- list_to_atom(atom_to_list(Node)++"@"++atom_to_list(Host)).
我们可以看到get_cmd只是把node名字加到命令行去,但是node名字里面没有host部分。
知道原因修正就容易了,改下这行就好:
- ssh_connection:exec(SSHConnRef, SSHChannelId, get_cmd(enodename(Host, Node), ErlFlags), infinity).
我们来重新编译,安装下:
- $ pwd
- /Users/yufeng/otp
- $ export ERL_TOP=`pwd`
- $ cd lib/common_test/
- $ make
- $ sudo cp ebin/ct_slave.beam /usr/local/lib/erlang/lib/common_test-1.5.4/ebin/ct_slave.beam
代码升级好了,我们再试验下我们的猜想:
- (x@127.0.0.1)8> l(ct_slave).
- {module,ct_slave}
- (x@127.0.0.1)9> ct_slave:start('127.0.0.1', y, [{username, "yourname"},{password, "yourpassword"}]).
- (<0.39.0>) call ssh_connection:exec(<0.105.0>,0,"erl -detached -noinput -setcookie VSVDYDCFVTPSDPBFHQMY -name y@127.0.0.1 ",infinity)
- (<0.39.0>) returned from ssh_connection:exec/4 -> success
- (<0.39.0>) call ct_slave:wait_for_node_alive('y@127.0.0.1',3)
- (<0.39.0>) call ct_slave:wait_for_node_alive('y@127.0.0.1',2)
- (<0.39.0>) returned from ct_slave:wait_for_node_alive/2 -> pong
- (<0.39.0>) returned from ct_slave:wait_for_node_alive/2 -> pong
- {ok,'y@127.0.0.1'}
- (x@127.0.0.1)10> nodes().
- ['y@127.0.0.1']
这次试验成功了。我们透过远程启动节点,把y@127.0.0.1成功加入集群。
通过上面的2个步骤,我们就可以在新添加的裸机上方便的部署我们的Erlang系统,控制节点的运作和停止。
祝大家集群开心!
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