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分类: 嵌入式
2018-08-14 15:47:47
其实,真正需要我们做的工作就是 分配一个 uart_port 结构,然后 uart_add_one_port 。分析过 s3c2440 uart 的驱动代码之后,我发现,这么一个简单的目标简直就是经历了山路十八弯。
先说一下大体的思路,uart_port 的注册过程是基于 platform 平台设备驱动模型,device 侧提供 3 个串口的硬件信息,并注册到 platform_bus_type 中去。然后 driver 也注册到 platform_bus_type 时,就会根据名字进行匹配,从而调用 driver->probe 函数,在 probe 函数里进行 uart_add_one_port 。思路也是很简单的,复杂在 s3c2440 注册 device 之前的工作扯了太多东西。
先秀个最终分析的图:
一、Linux 启动过程回忆
在 uboot 启动内核的时候,内核刚刚启动我们就看到串口各种信息就输出来了,也就是说串口驱动的初始化工作是在 Linux 启动过程中一个比较靠前的位置。内核启动的时候首先会去判断 cpu id 是否支持,接着判断是否支持uboot 传递进来的单板 Id ,然后 start_kernel -》setup_arch 进行一系列的初始化工作,其中必然包含串口相关初始化。
内核中所有支持的单板都用 MACHINE_START 和 MACHINE_END 来定义
-
MACHINE_START(MINI2440, "FriendlyARM Mini2440 development board")
-
.phys_io = S3C2410_PA_UART,
-
.io_pg_offst = (((u32)S3C24XX_VA_UART) >> 18) & 0xfffc,
-
.boot_params = S3C2410_SDRAM_PA + 0x100,
-
-
.init_irq = s3c24xx_init_irq,
-
.map_io = mini2440_map_io,
-
.init_machine = mini2440_machine_init,
-
.timer = &s3c24xx_timer,
-
MACHINE_END
但是,里面的这些函数是何时被调用的,调用的先后顺序是怎样的,我们需要分析 Linux 的启动流程才能知道,信息量还是比较大的,在前面的一篇文章中我分析过了
请参考:http://blog.csdn.net/lizuobin2/article/details/51779064
如果你自己分析一遍的话,调用先后顺序应该是这样的:
start_kernel -》setup_arch -》 map_io -》 init_irq -》 timer -》 init_machine -》 s3c_arch_init -》 s3c24xx_serial_modinit -》s3c2440_serial_init
后面三个函数是通过类似于 module_init 等被组织进内核里去的放在一个特殊的段里,内核启动到一定时候就去把这个段里的每一个函数取出来去调用,也是与串口相关的,分析过程就不再赘述了。
二、platform device 的注册之路
分析出了整个的串口驱动的初始化、设置、注册流程,问题就简单多了,挨个函数分析便是。
-
static void __init mini2440_map_io(void)
-
{
-
s3c24xx_init_io(mini2440_iodesc, ARRAY_SIZE(mini2440_iodesc));
-
s3c24xx_init_clocks(12000000);
-
s3c24xx_init_uarts(mini2440_uartcfgs, ARRAY_SIZE(mini2440_uartcfgs));
-
}
能一看瞅出来的,外部晶振的频率 12M ,如果我们在移植其它单板的时候不是,记得修改。
-
void __init s3c24xx_init_io(struct map_desc *mach_desc, int size)
-
{
-
....
-
s3c_init_cpu(idcode, cpu_ids, ARRAY_SIZE(cpu_ids));
-
}
-
static struct cpu_table *cpu;
-
void __init s3c_init_cpu(unsigned long idcode,
-
struct cpu_table *cputab, unsigned int cputab_size)
-
{
-
cpu = s3c_lookup_cpu(idcode, cputab, cputab_size);
-
cpu->map_io();
-
}
-
-
static struct cpu_table * __init s3c_lookup_cpu(unsigned long idcode,
-
struct cpu_table *tab,
-
unsigned int count)
-
{
-
for (; count != 0; count--, tab++) {
-
if ((idcode & tab->idmask) == tab->idcode)
-
return tab;
-
}
-
-
return NULL;
-
}
-
static struct cpu_table cpu_ids[] __initdata = {
-
{
-
.idcode = 0x32440000,
-
.idmask = 0xffffffff,
-
.map_io = s3c244x_map_io,
-
.init_clocks = s3c244x_init_clocks,
-
.init_uarts = s3c244x_init_uarts,
-
.init = s3c2440_init,
-
.name = name_s3c2440
-
},
-
};
上边四段代码费尽周折,只为调用 cpu_ids 数组里的 s3c244x_map_io 函数。
-
void __init s3c244x_map_io(void)
-
{
-
/* register our io-tables */
-
-
iotable_init(s3c244x_iodesc, ARRAY_SIZE(s3c244x_iodesc));
-
-
/* rename any peripherals used differing from the s3c2410 */
-
-
s3c_device_sdi.name = "s3c2440-sdi";
-
s3c_device_i2c0.name = "s3c2440-i2c";
-
s3c_device_nand.name = "s3c2440-nand";
-
s3c_device_usbgadget.name = "s3c2440-usbgadget";
-
}
也是醉醉的,竟然跟串口毫无关系。下面看 s3c24xx_init_uarts
-
void __init s3c24xx_init_uarts(struct s3c2410_uartcfg *cfg, int no)
-
{
-
(cpu->init_uarts)(cfg, no);
-
}
呵,前边的工作果然也不是完全白做的,至少帮我们找到了 cpu ,那么就是调用 s3c244x_init_uarts 咯
-
void __init s3c244x_init_uarts(struct s3c2410_uartcfg *cfg, int no)
-
{
-
s3c24xx_init_uartdevs("s3c2440-uart", s3c2410_uart_resources, cfg, no);
-
}
继续往下看之前,我们先看一下参数 cfg , no ,s3c2410_uart_resourcess3c24xx_init_uarts(mini2440_uartcfgs, ARRAY_SIZE(mini2440_uartcfgs));
-
static struct s3c2410_uartcfg mini2440_uartcfgs[] __initdata = {
-
[0] = {
-
.hwport = 0,
-
.flags = 0,
-
.ucon = 0x3c5,
-
.ulcon = 0x03,
-
.ufcon = 0x51,
-
},
-
/* 此处略去了 1、2 两个串口的信息 */
-
};
-
struct s3c24xx_uart_resources s3c2410_uart_resources[] __initdata = {
-
[0] = {
-
.resources = s3c2410_uart0_resource,
-
.nr_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(s3c2410_uart0_resource),
-
},
-
/* 此处略去了 1、2 串口的信息 */
-
};
-
static struct resource s3c2410_uart0_resource[] = {
-
[0] = {
-
.start = S3C2410_PA_UART0,
-
.end = S3C2410_PA_UART0 + 0x3fff,
-
.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
-
},
-
[1] = {
-
.start = IRQ_S3CUART_RX0,
-
.end = IRQ_S3CUART_ERR0,
-
.flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,
-
}
-
};
万事俱备,开始构建 device
-
struct platform_device *s3c24xx_uart_src[4] = {
-
&s3c24xx_uart_device0,
-
&s3c24xx_uart_device1,
-
&s3c24xx_uart_device2,
-
&s3c24xx_uart_device3,
-
};
-
static struct s3c2410_uartcfg uart_cfgs[CONFIG_SERIAL_SAMSUNG_UARTS];
-
/* 填充平台设备的过程,未注册 */
-
void __init s3c24xx_init_uartdevs(char *name, struct s3c24xx_uart_resources *res,
-
struct s3c2410_uartcfg *cfg, int no)
-
{
-
struct platform_device *platdev;
-
struct s3c2410_uartcfg *cfgptr = uart_cfgs;
-
struct s3c24xx_uart_resources *resp;
-
int uart;
-
/* 将 mini2440_uartcfgs 数组里的参数拷贝到 cfgptr */
-
memcpy(cfgptr, cfg, sizeof(struct s3c2410_uartcfg) * no);
-
-
for (uart = 0; uart < no; uart++, cfg++, cfgptr++) {
-
-
/* 从 s3c24xx_uart_src 数组里取出平台设备 */
-
platdev = s3c24xx_uart_src[cfgptr->hwport];
-
-
/* 获得对应的 resource ,物理寄存器和中断 */
-
resp = res + cfgptr->hwport;
-
-
/* 将 s3c24xx_uart_src 的平台设备 放到 平台设备数组 s3c24xx_uart_devs */
-
s3c24xx_uart_devs[uart] = platdev;
-
-
/* 设置名字 资源 */
-
platdev->name = name;
-
platdev->resource = resp->resources;
-
platdev->num_resources = resp->nr_resources;
-
/* 设置平台数据 mini2440_uartcfgs 数组里的东西 */
-
platdev->dev.platform_data = cfgptr;
-
}
-
-
nr_uarts = no;
-
}
至此,device 构建设置完毕,等待注册:
1、3 个串口的 device 存放在 s3c24xx_uart_devs 数组里,后边肯定会从数组里取出来注册。
2、3 个串口的 device 的名字都是 “s3c2440-uart”。
3、3 个串口的 device 资源文件里存放好了 io 物理地址,Irq 等信息。
4、3 个串口的 device 资源数据。
移植过程中可能需要修改的文件:mini2440_uartcfgs 、s3c2410_uart0_resource 、s3c24xx_uart_src 还有那个晶振频率。
s3c_arch_init 函数中,将 device 注册到 platform_bus_type
-
static int __init s3c_arch_init(void)
-
{
-
int ret;
-
-
ret = platform_add_devices(s3c24xx_uart_devs, nr_uarts);
-
return ret;
-
}
注意,是 uart_driver 的注册,是上一篇文章讲的过程,并不是对应于平台设备的平台驱动。为什么在这个时候注册 uart_driver,因为如果先注册平台设备的 driver 的话,那么在probe函数里 uart_add_one_port ,uart_prot 没地方注册!!因此,要先注册 uart_driver ,简单贴下代码,不在分析。
-
static struct uart_driver s3c24xx_uart_drv = {
-
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
-
.dev_name = "s3c2410_serial",
-
.nr = CONFIG_SERIAL_SAMSUNG_UARTS,
-
.cons = S3C24XX_SERIAL_CONSOLE,
-
.driver_name = S3C24XX_SERIAL_NAME,
-
.major = S3C24XX_SERIAL_MAJOR,
-
.minor = S3C24XX_SERIAL_MINOR,
-
};
-
static int __init s3c24xx_serial_modinit(void)
-
{
-
int ret;
-
-
ret = uart_register_driver(&s3c24xx_uart_drv);
-
if (ret < 0) {
-
printk(KERN_ERR "failed to register UART driver\n");
-
return -1;
-
}
-
-
return 0;
-
}
附上上一篇文章的地址:http://blog.csdn.net/lizuobin2/article/details/51773305
-
static int s3c2440_serial_probe(struct platform_device *dev)
-
{
-
dbg("s3c2440_serial_probe: dev=%p\n", dev);
-
return s3c24xx_serial_probe(dev, &s3c2440_uart_inf);
-
}
-
-
static struct platform_driver s3c2440_serial_driver = {
-
.probe = s3c2440_serial_probe,
-
.remove = __devexit_p(s3c24xx_serial_remove),
-
.driver = {
-
.name = "s3c2440-uart",
-
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
-
},
-
};
-
-
s3c24xx_console_init(&s3c2440_serial_driver, &s3c2440_uart_inf);
-
-
static int __init s3c2440_serial_init(void)
-
{
-
return s3c24xx_serial_init(&s3c2440_serial_driver, &s3c2440_uart_inf);
-
}
将驱动注册到 platform_bus_type ,此时会遍历 platform_bus_type 的 deivce 链表,取出
device 进行名字比较,我们前边注册的三个device的名字是一样的,没关系 Linux 允许这样做,每次匹配到一个都调用一次 Probe
函数。
-
static struct s3c24xx_uart_port s3c24xx_serial_ports[CONFIG_SERIAL_SAMSUNG_UARTS] = {
-
[0] = {
-
.port = {
-
.lock = __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(s3c24xx_serial_ports[0].port.lock),
-
.iotype = UPIO_MEM,
-
.irq = IRQ_S3CUART_RX0,
-
.uartclk = 0,
-
.fifosize = 16,
-
.ops = &s3c24xx_serial_ops,/* 底层的操作函数 */
-
.flags = UPF_BOOT_AUTOCONF,
-
.line = 0,
-
}
-
},
-
/* 此处略去了两个串口的信息 */
-
};
-
int s3c24xx_serial_probe(struct platform_device *dev,
-
struct s3c24xx_uart_info *info)
-
{
-
struct s3c24xx_uart_port *ourport;
-
int ret;
-
/* 取出 uart_port */
-
ourport = &s3c24xx_serial_ports[probe_index];
-
-
probe_index++;
-
/* 对 uart_port 进一步设置 */
-
ret = s3c24xx_serial_init_port(ourport, info, dev);
-
/* 将 uart_port 注册到 uart_driver */
-
uart_add_one_port(&s3c24xx_uart_drv, &ourport->port);
-
-
platform_set_drvdata(dev, &ourport->port);
-
-
ret = device_create_file(&dev->dev, &dev_attr_clock_source);
-
-
ret = s3c24xx_serial_cpufreq_register(ourport);
-
-
return 0;
-
-
}
-
static int s3c24xx_serial_init_port(struct s3c24xx_uart_port *ourport,
-
struct s3c24xx_uart_info *info,
-
struct platform_device *platdev)
-
{
-
struct uart_port *port = &ourport->port;
-
struct s3c2410_uartcfg *cfg;
-
struct resource *res;
-
int ret;
-
-
cfg = s3c24xx_dev_to_cfg(&platdev->dev);
-
-
/* setup info for port */
-
port->dev = &platdev->dev;
-
ourport->info = info;
-
-
/* copy the info in from provided structure */
-
ourport->port.fifosize = info->fifosize;
-
"white-space:pre"> /* 设置时钟 */
-
port->uartclk = 1;
-
-
/* sort our the physical and virtual addresses for each UART */
-
-
res = platform_get_resource(platdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 0);
-
"white-space:pre"> /* 设置物理地址,虚拟地址 */
-
port->mapbase = res->start;
-
port->membase = S3C_VA_UART + res->start - (S3C_PA_UART & 0xfff00000);
-
ret = platform_get_irq(platdev, 0);
-
if (ret < 0)
-
port->irq = 0;
-
else {
-
port->irq = ret;/* 设置中断号 */
-
ourport->rx_irq = ret;
-
ourport->tx_irq = ret + 1;
-
}
-
-
ret = platform_get_irq(platdev, 1);
-
-
-
ourport->clk = clk_get(&platdev->dev, "uart");
-
-
-
/* reset the fifos (and setup the uart) */
-
s3c24xx_serial_resetport(port, cfg);
-
return 0;
-
}
-
int uart_add_one_port(struct uart_driver *drv, struct uart_port *uport)
-
{
-
struct uart_state *state;
-
struct tty_port *port;
-
int ret = 0;
-
struct device *tty_dev;
-
-
BUG_ON(in_interrupt());
-
-
if (uport->line >= drv->nr)
-
return -EINVAL;
-
-
state = drv->state + uport->line;
-
port = &state->port;
-
-
mutex_lock(&port_mutex);
-
mutex_lock(&port->mutex);
-
if (state->uart_port) {
-
ret = -EINVAL;
-
goto out;
-
}
-
"white-space:pre"> /* 将 uart_prot 绑定到 uart_driver 对应的 state */
-
state->uart_port = uport;
-
state->pm_state = -1;
-
-
uport->cons = drv->cons;
-
uport->state = state;
-
-
/*
-
* If this port is a console, then the spinlock is already
-
* initialised.
-
*/
-
if (!(uart_console(uport) && (uport->cons->flags & CON_ENABLED))) {
-
spin_lock_init(&uport->lock);
-
lockdep_set_class(&uport->lock, &port_lock_key);
-
}
-
/* 实际调用 port->ops->config_port(port, flags) 稍后再看 */
-
uart_configure_port(drv, state, uport);
-
-
/*
-
* 上一篇文章中,我们提到tty注册了一个字符设备 “ttySAC ”
-
* 那么,我们平时看到的 “ttySAC0”“ttySAC1”等就是在这里注册的
-
*/
-
tty_dev = tty_register_device(drv->tty_driver, uport->line, uport->dev);
-
if (likely(!IS_ERR(tty_dev))) {
-
device_init_wakeup(tty_dev, 1);
-
device_set_wakeup_enable(tty_dev, 0);
-
} else
-
printk(KERN_ERR "Cannot register tty device on line %d\n",
-
uport->line);
-
-
/*
-
* Ensure UPF_DEAD is not set.
-
*/
-
uport->flags &= ~UPF_DEAD;
-
-
out:
-
mutex_unlock(&port->mutex);
-
mutex_unlock(&port_mutex);
-
-
return ret;
-
}
-
-
struct device *tty_register_device(struct tty_driver *driver, unsigned index,
-
struct device *device)
-
{
-
char name[64];
-
dev_t dev = MKDEV(driver->major, driver->minor_start) + index;
-
-
if (index >= driver->num) {
-
printk(KERN_ERR "Attempt to register invalid tty line number "
-
" (%d).\n", index);
-
return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
-
}
-
-
if (driver->type == TTY_DRIVER_TYPE_PTY)
-
pty_line_name(driver, index, name);
-
else
-
tty_line_name(driver, index, name);
-
-
return device_create(tty_class, device, dev, NULL, name);
-
}
-
"font-family:SimSun;font-size:18px;">static void tty_line_name(struct tty_driver *driver, int index, char *p)
-
{
-
sprintf(p, "%s%d", driver->name, index + driver->name_base);
-
}
tty_driver->name == "ttySAC",在此基础上加上 uart_port.line ,就组成了具体串口的设备节点的名字,例如“ttySAC0”。
分析到这里,完了么?没有,还有一个非常重要的东西没有分析呢,那就是底层的操作函数。
-
static struct uart_ops s3c24xx_serial_ops = {
-
.pm = s3c24xx_serial_pm,
-
.tx_empty = s3c24xx_serial_tx_empty,
-
.get_mctrl = s3c24xx_serial_get_mctrl,
-
.set_mctrl = s3c24xx_serial_set_mctrl,
-
.stop_tx = s3c24xx_serial_stop_tx,
-
.start_tx = s3c24xx_serial_start_tx,
-
.stop_rx = s3c24xx_serial_stop_rx,
-
.enable_ms = s3c24xx_serial_enable_ms,
-
.break_ctl = s3c24xx_serial_break_ctl,
-
.startup = s3c24xx_serial_startup,
-
.shutdown = s3c24xx_serial_shutdown,
-
.set_termios = s3c24xx_serial_set_termios,
-
.type = s3c24xx_serial_type,
-
.release_port = s3c24xx_serial_release_port,
-
.request_port = s3c24xx_serial_request_port,
-
.config_port = s3c24xx_serial_config_port,
-
.verify_port = s3c24xx_serial_verify_port,
-
};
-
这么多的函数,如果让我们自己来实现,那相比真得头都大了。一般芯片厂家会帮我们搞得吧。其他的不分析了,分析一个 startup 函数,因为我们在用户空间 open 的时候会调用它,那么必然有一些初始化的工作。
-
static int s3c24xx_serial_startup(struct uart_port *port)
-
{
-
struct s3c24xx_uart_port *ourport = to_ourport(port);
-
int ret;
-
-
dbg("s3c24xx_serial_startup: port=%p (%08lx,%p)\n",
-
port->mapbase, port->membase);
-
-
rx_enabled(port) = 1;
-
-
ret = request_irq(ourport->rx_irq, s3c24xx_serial_rx_chars, 0,
-
s3c24xx_serial_portname(port), ourport);
-
-
if (ret != 0) {
-
printk(KERN_ERR "cannot get irq %d\n", ourport->rx_irq);
-
return ret;
-
}
-
-
ourport->rx_claimed = 1;
-
-
dbg("requesting tx irq...\n");
-
-
tx_enabled(port) = 1;
-
-
ret = request_irq(ourport->tx_irq, s3c24xx_serial_tx_chars, 0,
-
s3c24xx_serial_portname(port), ourport);
-
-
if (ret) {
-
printk(KERN_ERR "cannot get irq %d\n", ourport->tx_irq);
-
goto err;
-
}
-
-
ourport->tx_claimed = 1;
-
-
dbg("s3c24xx_serial_startup ok\n");
-
-
/* the port reset code should have done the correct
-
* register setup for the port controls */
-
if (port->line == 2) {
-
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPH(6), S3C2410_GPH6_TXD2);
-
s3c2410_gpio_pullup(S3C2410_GPH(6), 1);
-
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPH(7), S3C2410_GPH7_RXD2);
-
s3c2410_gpio_pullup(S3C2410_GPH(7), 1);
-
}
-
-
-
return ret;
-
-
err:
-
s3c24xx_serial_shutdown(port);
-
return ret;
-
}
主要工作是注册了两个中断,发送中断,接收中断,来看看一个和我们上篇文章的猜测是否一致。
-
static irqreturn_t
-
s3c24xx_serial_rx_chars(int irq, void *dev_id)
-
{
-
..../* 调用线路规程的...和上篇文章一致 */
-
tty_flip_buffer_push(tty);
-
-
out:
-
return IRQ_HANDLED;
-
}
-
static irqreturn_t s3c24xx_serial_tx_chars(int irq, void *id)
-
{
-
....
-
-
if (uart_circ_chars_pending(xmit) < WAKEUP_CHARS)
-
uart_write_wakeup(port);
-
-
if (uart_circ_empty(xmit))
-
s3c24xx_serial_stop_tx(port);
-
-
out:
-
return IRQ_HANDLED;
-
}
-
void uart_write_wakeup(struct uart_port *port)
-
{
-
struct uart_state *state = port->state;
-
/*
-
* This means you called this function _after_ the port was
-
* closed. No cookie for you.
-
*/
-
BUG_ON(!state);
-
tasklet_schedule(&state->tlet);/* 也是一致的 */
-
}