一、SOCKET编程
创建一个传输终端:socket
函数原型:int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
头文件:sys/types.h sys/socket.h
成功:返回新的socket文件描述符 失败:-1
domain:协议类型
type:socket类型
protocol:选择特定协议,默认为0.
绑定地址(绑定网卡):bind
函数原型:int bind(int sockfd, cosnt struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);
头文件:sys/types.h sys/socket.h
成功:返回0 失败:-1
sockfd:socket文件描述符
addr:socket的结构地址
addrlen:地址的长度
设置监听:listen
函数原型:int listen(int sockfd, int backlog);
头文件: sys/types.h sys/socket.h
成功:返回0 失败: -1
sockfd:socket文件描述符
backlog:表示高进程所要入队的连接请求数量
等待连接:accept
函数原型: int accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen);
头文件:
sys/types.h sys/socket.h
成功:返回接受后新的描述符 失败: -1
sockfd:socket文件描述符
addr:
socket的结构地址
*
addrlen:地址的长度的指针
发送消息:send
函数原型:ssize_t send(int sockfd, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags);
头文件: sys/types.h sys/socket.h
成功:返回发送的数量 失败:-1
sockfd:s
socket文件描述符
*buf:需要发送的内容
len:需要发送的长度
flags:发送标识符(不同于write的区别)
连接服务器:connect
函数原型:int connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);
头文件: sys/types.h sys/socket.h
成功:0 失败:-1
sockfd:
ssocket文件描述符
addr:socket的结构地址
addrlen:地址的长度
二、地址类型
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struct sockaddr{
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sa_family_t sa_family; 通用的地址,协议族
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char sa_data[14];
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}
这个用来IPv4地址类型:
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struct sockaddr_in{
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short int sin_family;
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unsigned short int sin_port;
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struct in_addr sin_addr;
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unsigned char sin_zero[8];
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}
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struct in_addr{
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unsigned long s_addr;
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}
三、地址转换
地址转化:inet_addr 将字符串形式的IP地址转化为整数型的IP地址(网络字节序)
函数原型:in_addr_t inet_addr(const char *cp);
头文件:sys/socket.h netinet/in.h arpa/inet.h
成功:返回0 失败:-1
sockfd:socket文件描述符
addr:socket的结构地址
addrlen:地址的长度
地址转化(反): innet_ntoa
函数原型: char *inet_ntoa(struct in_addr in);
头文件:sys/socket.h netinet/in.h arpa/inet.h
成功:返回字符串
in:需要转换的in_addr结构的地址
四、网络字节序
如果两台设备进行通信,一台是小端模式的,一台是大端模式的。那么如果没有统一的结构,小端发送的字节序列通过网络发送到大端后,再有大端设备读取出来可能内容有偏差。
网络上传输的都是用大端模式的。
uint32_t htonl(uint32_t hostlong);
将32位的数据从
主机字节序转换为
网络字节序。
in_addr.saddr = htonl(INADDR_ANY)
uint16_t htons(uint16_t hostshort);
将16位的数据从主机字节序转换为网络字节序
uint32_t ntohl(uint32_t netlong);
将32位的数据从网络字节序转换为主机字节序
uint16_t ntohs(uint16_t netshort);
将16位的数据从网络字节序转换为主机字节序
五、TCP通讯程序设计
tcp_server.c:
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#include <sys/types.h>
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#include <sys/socket.h>
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <strings.h>
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//#include <netinet/in.h>
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#include <arpa/inet.h>
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#define portnum 3333
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int main()
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{
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int sockfd;
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int new_fd;
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struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
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struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
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char buffer[128];
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int nbyte = 0;
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int sin_size;
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/*1.创建socket*/
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if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
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{
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printf("create socket error!\n");
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exit(1);
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}
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/*2.1设置要绑定的地址*/
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bzero(&server_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
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server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
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server_addr.sin_port = htons(portnum);
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server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
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/*2.2.绑定地址*/
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bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
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/*3.监听端口*/
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listen(sockfd, 5);
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while(1)
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{
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/*4.等待链接*/
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sin_size = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
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new_fd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &sin_size);
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if(new_fd == -1)
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{
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printf("accept socket failed\n");
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exit(1);
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}
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printf("server get connection form %s\n", inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr));
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/*5.接收数据*/
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nbyte = recv(new_fd, buffer, 128, 0);
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buffer[nbyte] = '\0';
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printf("server received : %s\n",buffer);
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/*6.结束链接*/
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close(new_fd);
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}
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close(sockfd);
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return 0;
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}
tcp_client:
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#include <sys/types.h>
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#include <sys/socket.h>
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <netinet/in.h>
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#include <arpa/inet.h>
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#include <string.h>
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#define portnum 3333
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int main()
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{
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struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
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int sockfd;
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char buffer[128];
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/*1.创建socket*/
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if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
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{
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printf("create socket error!\n");
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exit(1);
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}
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/*2.1设置要绑定的地址*/
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bzero(&server_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
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server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
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server_addr.sin_port = htons(portnum);
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server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("192.168.1.110");
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/*2.链接服务器*/
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if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) == -1)
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{
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printf("connect error!\n");
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exit(1);
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}
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/*3.发送数据到服务器*/
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printf("please input char:\n");
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fgets(buffer,128,stdin);
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send(sockfd, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0);
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/*4.结束连接*/
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close(sockfd);
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}
六、UDP编程练习
udp_server.c:
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#include <sys/types.h>
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#include <sys/socket.h>
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#include <strings.h>
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#include <arpa/inet.h>
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <unistd.h>
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#define portnum 3333
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#define MSG_SIZE 128
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int main()
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{
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int sockfd;
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struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
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struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
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char buffer[MSG_SIZE];
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int addrlen;
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int n;
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/*创建socket*/
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if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1)
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{
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printf("create socket error!\n");
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exit(1);
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}
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bzero(&server_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
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server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
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server_addr.sin_port = htons(portnum);
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server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
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/*绑定地址*/
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bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
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/*接收数据*/
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while(1)
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{
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addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
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bzero(buffer, MSG_SIZE);
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n = recvfrom(sockfd, buffer, MSG_SIZE, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &addrlen);
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buffer[n] = '\0';
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printf("server received :%s\n", buffer);
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}
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/*结束连接*/
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close(sockfd);
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return 0;
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}
udp_client.c:
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#include <strings.h>
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#include <sys/types.h>
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#include <sys/socket.h>
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#include <strings.h>
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <arpa/inet.h>
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#define portnum 3333
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#define BUF_SIZE 128
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int main(int argc, char *argv[])
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{
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int sockfd;
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char buffer[BUF_SIZE];
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struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
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if(argc != 2)
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{
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printf("Usage: ./udp_client [ip]\n");
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exit(0);
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}
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/*创建socket*/
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if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1)
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{
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printf("create socket failed!\n");
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exit(1);
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}
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/*发送数据*/
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bzero(&server_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
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server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
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server_addr.sin_port = htons(portnum);
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inet_aton(argv[1], &server_addr.sin_addr);
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while(1)
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{
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printf("Please input char:\n");
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fgets(buffer, BUF_SIZE, stdin);
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sendto(sockfd, buffer, BUF_SIZE, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
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bzero(buffer, BUF_SIZE);
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}
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/*结束链接*/
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close(sockfd);
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}
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