关于Linux下的locale,网上讲这个资料不少,本没必要多说什么。无奈手贱,权当做个笔记吧。以下操作环境为CentOS 6.5
1. 查看当前locale
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[chenhj@node1 ~]$ locale
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LANG=en_US.UTF-8
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LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.UTF8"
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LC_NUMERIC="zh_CN.UTF8"
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LC_TIME="zh_CN.UTF8"
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LC_COLLATE="zh_CN.UTF8"
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LC_MONETARY="zh_CN.UTF8"
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LC_MESSAGES="zh_CN.UTF8"
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LC_PAPER="zh_CN.UTF8"
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LC_NAME="zh_CN.UTF8"
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LC_ADDRESS="zh_CN.UTF8"
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LC_TELEPHONE="zh_CN.UTF8"
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LC_MEASUREMENT="zh_CN.UTF8"
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LC_IDENTIFICATION="zh_CN.UTF8"
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LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF8
上面列出了系统支持各种区域相关的属性,比如日期,货币。
2. 设置locale
通过设置环境变量可以随时改变locale
LC_ALL > LC_* > LANG
[root@node1 ~]# export LC_ALL=zh_CN.utf8
或者修改/etc/sysconfig/i18n
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[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/i18n
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LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
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SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16"
3.查看系统支持的loacle一览
比如列出所有zh_CN的
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[chenhj@node1 ~]$ locale -a|grep zh_CN
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zh_CN
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zh_CN.gb18030
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zh_CN.gb2312
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zh_CN.gbk
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zh_CN.utf8
4. locale的定义在哪里?
在
/usr/share/i18n/locales目录比如zh_CN
/usr/share/i18n/locales/zh_CN:
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...
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LC_CTYPE
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% This is a copy of the "i18n" LC_CTYPE with the following modifications:
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% - Additional classes: hanzi
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copy "i18n"
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translit_start
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include "translit_combining";""
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translit_end
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class "hanzi"; /
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% <U3400>..<U4DBF>;/
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<U4E00>..<U9FA5>;/
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<UF92C>;<UF979>;<UF995>;<UF9E7>;<UF9F1>;<UFA0C>;<UFA0D>;<UFA0E>;/
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<UFA0F>;<UFA11>;<UFA13>;<UFA14>;<UFA18>;<UFA1F>;<UFA20>;<UFA21>;/
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<UFA23>;<UFA24>;<UFA27>;<UFA28>;<UFA29>
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END LC_CTYPE
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% ISO 14651 collation sequence
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LC_COLLATE
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copy "iso14651_t1_pinyin"
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END LC_COLLATE
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...
上面的LC_CTYPE定义了简体中文的汉字分类"hanzi",LC_COLLATE定义了汉字的拼音排序。
还可以再打开拼音排序的定义文件看看
/usr/share/i18n/locales/iso14651_t1_pinyin
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LC_COLLATE
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copy "iso14651_t1_common"
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script <HAN>
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order_start <HAN>;forward;forward;forward;forward,position
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<U5416> <U5416>;IGNORE;IGNORE;IGNORE #吖104
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<U814C> <U814C>;IGNORE;IGNORE;IGNORE #腌185
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<U9312> <U9312>;IGNORE;IGNORE;IGNORE #錒0
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<U9515> <U9515>;IGNORE;IGNORE;IGNORE #锕7
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<U963F> <U963F>;IGNORE;IGNORE;IGNORE #阿23237
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<U55C4> <U55C4>;IGNORE;IGNORE;IGNORE #嗄60
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<U554A> <U554A>;IGNORE;IGNORE;IGNORE #啊16566
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<U54C0> <U54C0>;IGNORE;IGNORE;IGNORE #哀4070
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<U54CE> <U54CE>;IGNORE;IGNORE;IGNORE #哎2473
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...
一看注释就明白了,确实是按拼音排序的。
5 字符集在哪定义的?
字符集都定义在/usr/share/i18n/charmaps目录下,比如GB2312。
/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/GB2312.gz
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<code_set_name> GB2312
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<mb_cur_max> 2
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<mb_cur_min> 1
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<comment_char> %
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<escape_char> /
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% Chinese charmap for EUC-CN = GB2312 = union of ASCII and GB_2312-80
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% version: 1.0
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% Contact: ha_shao
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% Email: hashao@china.com
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% Distribution and use is free, even for comercial purpose.
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%
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CHARMAP
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<U0000> /x00 NULL (NUL)
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<U0001> /x01 START OF HEADING (SOH)
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<U0002> /x02 START OF TEXT (STX)
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<U0003> /x03 END OF TEXT (ETX)
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<U0004> /x04 END OF TRANSMISSION (EOT)
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<U0005> /x05 ENQUIRY (ENQ)
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<U0006> /x06 ACKNOWLEDGE (ACK)
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<U0007> /x07 BELL (BEL)
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<U0008> /x08 BACKSPACE (BS)
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<U0009> /x09 CHARACTER TABULATION (HT)
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...
6. 创建loacle
前面提到的loacle定义和字符集定义相当于源代码,我们真正使用是基于loacle定义+字符集定义的得到的编译好的locale。创建loacle使用localedef
man localedef
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...
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The localedef program reads the indicated charmap and input files, compiles them to a form usable by the locale(7) functions inthe C library, and places the six output files in the outputpath directory.
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...
定义一个试试!
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[root@node1 ~]# localedef -f UTF-8 -i zh_CN myzh
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[root@node1 ~]# locale -a|grep myzh
myzh
myzh.utf8
创建的locale被添加进了/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive
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[root@node1 ~]# grep myzh /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive
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Binary file /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive matches
7. 获取本地化消息
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[root@node1 ~]# export LC_ALL=myzh.utf8
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[root@node1 ~]# ls xx
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ls: cannot access xx: No such file or directory
怎么还是英文消息?
看看它在干嘛!
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[root@node1 ~]# strace -eopen ls xx
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open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3
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open("/lib64/libselinux.so.1", O_RDONLY) = 3
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open("/lib64/librt.so.1", O_RDONLY) = 3
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open("/lib64/libcap.so.2", O_RDONLY) = 3
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open("/lib64/libacl.so.1", O_RDONLY) = 3
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open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3
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open("/lib64/libdl.so.2", O_RDONLY) = 3
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open("/lib64/libpthread.so.0", O_RDONLY) = 3
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open("/lib64/libattr.so.1", O_RDONLY) = 3
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open("/proc/filesystems", O_RDONLY) = 3
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open("/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY) = 3
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open("/usr/share/locale/locale.alias", O_RDONLY) = 3
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open("/usr/share/locale/myzh.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
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open("/usr/share/locale/myzh/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
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ls: cannot access xxopen("/usr/share/locale/myzh.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
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open("/usr/share/locale/myzh/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
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: No such file or directory
原来找不到
libc的本地消息资源文件。localedef只是定义了locale的基本内容,每个应用要使用的本地资源还得另外加。
现在从别的地方
先借个过来应急!
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[root@node1 ~]# ls /usr/share/locale/myzh
ls: cannot access /usr/share/locale/myzh: No such file or directory
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[root@node1 ~]# ln -sf /usr/share/locale/zh_CN /usr/share/locale/myzh
再试一下,OK了。
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[root@node1 ~]# ls xx
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ls: 无法访问xx: 没有那个文件或目录
最后把这个临时的locale删掉
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[root@node1 ~]# localedef --delete-from-archive myzh
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[root@node1 ~]# rm -f /usr/share/locale/myzh
8 参考
http://sysadmin.blog.51cto.com/83876/223870
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