接上文:
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-26000296-id-3755264.html
三、异步阻塞模式
另外一个阻塞解决方案是带有阻塞通知的非阻塞 I/O。
在这种模型中，配置的是非阻塞 I/O，然后使用阻塞 select 系统调用来确定一个 I/O 描述符何时有操作。
使 select 调用非常有趣的是它可以用来为多个描述符提供通知，而不仅仅为一个描述符提供通知。
对于每个提示符来说，我们可以请求这个描述符可以写数据、有读数据可用以及是否发生错误的通知
下面的C语言实现的例子，它从网络上接受数据写入一个文件中:
/*
* \brief
* tcp client
*/
-
#include <stdio.h>
-
#include <stdlib.h>
-
#include <sys/socket.h>
-
#include <sys/select.h>
-
#include <sys/time.h>
-
#include <netdb.h>
-
#include <string.h>
-
-
#include <sys/types.h>
-
#include <sys/stat.h>
-
#include <fcntl.h>
#define SERVPORT 8080
#define MAXDATASIZE 100
#define TFILE "data_from_socket.txt"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int sockfd, recvbytes;
char rcv_buf[MAXDATASIZE]; /*./client 127.0.0.1 hello */
char snd_buf[MAXDATASIZE];
struct hostent *host; /* struct hostent
* {
* char *h_name; // general hostname
* char **h_aliases; // hostname's alias
* int h_addrtype; // AF_INET
* int h_length;
* char **h_addr_list;
* };
*/
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
/* */
fd_set readset, writeset;
int check_timeval = 1;
struct timeval timeout={check_timeval,0}; //阻塞式select, 等待1秒，1秒轮询
int maxfd;
int fp;
int cir_count = 0;
int ret;
if (argc < 3)
{
printf("Usage:%s [ip address] [any string]\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
*snd_buf = '\0';
strcat(snd_buf, argv[2]);
if ((fp = open(TFILE,O_WRONLY)) < 0) //不是用fopen
{
perror("fopen:");
exit(1);
}
if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
{
perror("socket:");
exit(1);
}
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVPORT);
inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[1], &server_addr.sin_addr);
memset(&(server_addr.sin_zero), 0, 8);
/* create the connection by socket
* means that connect "sockfd" to "server_addr"
*/
if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1)
{
perror("connect");
exit(1);
}
/**/
if (send(sockfd, snd_buf, sizeof(snd_buf), 0) == -1)
{
perror("send:");
exit(1);
}
printf("send:%s\n", snd_buf);
while (1)
{
FD_ZERO(&readset); //每次循环都要清空集合，否则不能检测描述符变化
FD_SET(sockfd, &readset); //添加描述符
FD_ZERO(&writeset);
FD_SET(fp, &writeset);
maxfd = sockfd > fp ? (sockfd+1) : (fp+1); //描述符最大值加1
ret = select(maxfd, &readset, NULL, NULL, NULL); // 阻塞模式
switch( ret)
{
case -1:
exit(-1);
break;
case 0:
break;
default:
if (FD_ISSET(sockfd, &readset)) //测试sock是否可读，即是否网络上有数据
{
recvbytes = recv(sockfd, rcv_buf, MAXDATASIZE, MSG_DONTWAIT);
rcv_buf[recvbytes] = '\0';
printf("recv:%s\n", rcv_buf);
if (FD_ISSET(fp, &writeset))
{
write(fp, rcv_buf, strlen(rcv_buf)); // 不是用fwrite
}
goto end;
}
}
cir_count++;
printf("CNT : %d \n",cir_count);
}
end:
close(fp);
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
perl实现:
#! /usr/bin/perl
###############################################################################
# \File
# tcp_client.pl
# \Descript
# send message to server
###############################################################################
use IO::Socket;
use IO::Select;
#hash to install IP Port
%srv_info =(
#"srv_ip" => "61.184.93.197",
"srv_ip" => "192.168.1.73",
"srv_port"=> "8080",
);
my $srv_addr = $srv_info{"srv_ip"};
my $srv_port = $srv_info{"srv_port"};
my $sock = IO::Socket::INET->new(
PeerAddr => "$srv_addr",
PeerPort => "$srv_port",
Type => SOCK_STREAM,
Blocking => 1,
# Timeout => 5,
Proto => "tcp")
or die "Can not create socket connect. $@";
$sock->send("Hello server!\n", 0) or warn "send failed: $!, $@";
$sock->autoflush(1);
my $sel = IO::Select->new($sock);
while(my @ready = $sel->can_read)
{
foreach my $fh(@ready)
{
if($fh == $sock)
{
while()
{
print $_;
}
$sel->remove($fh);
close $fh;
}
}
}
$sock->close();
四、异步非阻塞模式
最后，异步非阻塞 I/O 模型是一种处理与 I/O 重叠(并行)进行的模型。
以read系统调用为例
steps：
a. 调用read;
b. read请求会立即返回，说明请求已经成功发起了。
c. 在后台完成读操作这段时间内，应用程序可以执行其他处理操作。
d. 当 read 的响应到达时，就会产生一个信号或执行一个基于线程的回调函数来完成这次 I/O 处理过程。
/*
* \brief
* tcp client
*/
-
#include <stdio.h>
-
#include <stdlib.h>
-
#include <sys/socket.h>
-
#include <sys/select.h>
-
#include <sys/time.h>
-
#include <netdb.h>
-
#include <string.h>
-
-
#include <sys/types.h>
-
#include <sys/stat.h>
-
#include <fcntl.h>
#define SERVPORT 8080
#define MAXDATASIZE 100
#define TFILE "data_from_socket.txt"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int sockfd, recvbytes;
char rcv_buf[MAXDATASIZE]; /*./client 127.0.0.1 hello */
char snd_buf[MAXDATASIZE];
struct hostent *host; /* struct hostent
* {
* char *h_name; // general hostname
* char **h_aliases; // hostname's alias
* int h_addrtype; // AF_INET
* int h_length;
* char **h_addr_list;
* };
*/
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
/* */
fd_set readset, writeset;
int check_timeval = 1;
struct timeval timeout={check_timeval,0}; //阻塞式select, 等待1秒，1秒轮询
int maxfd;
int fp;
int cir_count = 0;
int ret;
if (argc < 3)
{
printf("Usage:%s [ip address] [any string]\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
*snd_buf = '\0';
strcat(snd_buf, argv[2]);
if ((fp = open(TFILE,O_WRONLY)) < 0) //不是用fopen
{
perror("fopen:");
exit(1);
}
if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
{
perror("socket:");
exit(1);
}
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVPORT);
inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[1], &server_addr.sin_addr);
memset(&(server_addr.sin_zero), 0, 8);
/* create the connection by socket
* means that connect "sockfd" to "server_addr"
*/
if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1)
{
perror("connect");
exit(1);
}
/**/
if (send(sockfd, snd_buf, sizeof(snd_buf), 0) == -1)
{
perror("send:");
exit(1);
}
printf("send:%s\n", snd_buf);
while (1)
{
FD_ZERO(&readset); //每次循环都要清空集合，否则不能检测描述符变化
FD_SET(sockfd, &readset); //添加描述符
FD_ZERO(&writeset);
FD_SET(fp, &writeset);
maxfd = sockfd > fp ? (sockfd+1) : (fp+1); //描述符最大值加1
ret = select(maxfd, &readset, NULL, NULL, &timeout); // 非阻塞模式
switch( ret)
{
case -1:
exit(-1);
break;
case 0:
break;
default:
if (FD_ISSET(sockfd, &readset)) //测试sock是否可读，即是否网络上有数据
{
recvbytes = recv(sockfd, rcv_buf, MAXDATASIZE, MSG_DONTWAIT);
rcv_buf[recvbytes] = '\0';
printf("recv:%s\n", rcv_buf);
if (FD_ISSET(fp, &writeset))
{
write(fp, rcv_buf, strlen(rcv_buf)); // 不是用fwrite
}
goto end;
}
}
timeout.tv_sec = check_timeval; // 必须重新设置，因为超时时间到后会将其置零
cir_count++;
printf("CNT : %d \n",cir_count);
}
end:
close(fp);
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
五、server端程序:
/*
* \brief
* tcp server
*/
-
#include <stdio.h>
-
#include <sys/socket.h>
-
#include <sys/types.h>
-
#include <netinet/in.h>
-
#include <arpa/inet.h>
-
#include <string.h>
-
#include <stdlib.h>
#define SERVPORT 8080
#define BACKLOG 10 // max numbef of client connection
#define MAXDATASIZE 100
int main(char argc, char *argv[])
{
int sockfd, client_fd, addr_size, recvbytes;
char rcv_buf[MAXDATASIZE], snd_buf[MAXDATASIZE];
char* val;
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
int bReuseaddr = 1;
char IPdotdec[20];
/* create a new socket and regiter it to os .
* SOCK_STREAM means that supply tcp service,
* and must connect() before data transfort.
*/
if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
{
perror("socket:");
exit(1);
}
/* setting server's socket */
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; // IPv4 network protocol
server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVPORT);
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; // auto IP detect
memset(&(server_addr.sin_zero),0, 8);
setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (const char*)&bReuseaddr, sizeof(int));
if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr))== -1)
{
perror("bind:");
exit(1);
}
/*
* watting for connection ,
* and server permit to recive the requestion from sockfd
*/
if (listen(sockfd, BACKLOG) == -1) // BACKLOG assign thd max number of connection
{
perror("listen:");
exit(1);
}
while(1)
{
addr_size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
/*
* accept the sockfd's connection,
* return an new socket and assign far host to client_addr
*/
printf("watting for connect...\n");
if ((client_fd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &addr_size)) == -1)
{
/* Nonblocking mode */
perror("accept:");
continue;
}
/* network-digital to ip address */
inet_ntop(AF_INET, (void*)&client_addr, IPdotdec, 16);
printf("connetion from:%d : %s\n",client_addr.sin_addr, IPdotdec);
//if (!fork())
{
/* child process handle with the client connection */
/* recive the client's data by client_fd */
if ((recvbytes = recv(client_fd, rcv_buf, MAXDATASIZE, 0)) == -1)
{
perror("recv:");
exit(1);
}
rcv_buf[recvbytes]='\0';
printf("recv:%s\n", rcv_buf);
*snd_buf='\0';
strcat(snd_buf, "welcome");
sleep(3);
/* send the message to far-hosts by client_fd */
if (send(client_fd, snd_buf, strlen(snd_buf), 0) == -1)
{
perror("send:");
exit(1);
}
printf("send:%s\n", snd_buf);
close(client_fd);
//exit(1);
}
//close(client_fd);
}
return 0;
}
九四，或跃在渊，无咎。
【白话】九四，龙或腾跃而起，或退居于渊，均不会有危害。
《象》曰：“或跃在渊”，进无咎也。
【白话】《象辞》说：“龙或腾跃而起，或退居于渊，均不会有危害”，因为能审时度势，故进退自如，不会有危害。
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