如何安装gcc 4.7

先说说为什么要安装gcc 4.7？

安装gcc 4.7，并不是因为agentzh使用gcc 4.7，是为了准备学习一下c++11.

gcc 支持的特性

 

Language Feature	Proposal	Available in GCC 4.7?
Rvalue references		Yes
Rvalue references for *this		No
Initialization of class objects by rvalues		Yes
Non-static data member initializers		Yes
Variadic templates		Yes
Extending variadic template template parameters		Yes
Initializer lists		Yes
Static assertions		Yes
auto-typed variables		Yes
Multi-declarator auto		Yes
Removal of auto as a storage-class specifier		Yes
New function declarator syntax		Yes
New wording for C++11 lambdas		Yes
Declared type of an expression		Yes
Right angle brackets		Yes
Default template arguments for function templates		Yes
Solving the SFINAE problem for expressions		Yes
Template aliases		Yes
Extern templates		Yes
Null pointer constant		Yes
Strongly-typed enums		Yes
Forward declarations for enums		Yes
Generalized attributes		No
Generalized constant expressions		Yes
Alignment support		No
Delegating constructors		Yes
Inheriting constructors		No
Explicit conversion operators		Yes
New character types		Yes
Unicode string literals		Yes
Raw string literals		Yes
Universal character name literals		Yes
User-defined literals		Yes
Standard Layout Types		Yes
Defaulted and deleted functions		Yes
Extended friend declarations		Yes
Extending sizeof		Yes
Inline namespaces		Yes
Unrestricted unions		Yes
Local and unnamed types as template arguments		Yes
Range-based for		Yes
Explicit virtual overrides		Yes
Minimal support for garbage collection and reachability-based leak detection		No
Allowing move constructors to throw [noexcept]		Yes (core language only)
Defining move special member functions		Yes
Concurrency
Sequence points		No
Atomic operations		Yes
Strong Compare and Exchange		No
Bidirectional Fences		No
Memory model		No
Data-dependency ordering: atomics and memory model		No
Propagating exceptions		Yes
Abandoning a process and at_quick_exit		No
Allow atomics use in signal handlers		No
Thread-local storage		No
Dynamic initialization and destruction with concurrency		No
C99 Features in C++11
__func__ predefined identifier		Yes
C99 preprocessor		Yes
long long		Yes
Extended integral types		No

Language Feature	Proposal	Available in GCC 4.7?
Rvalue references		Yes
Rvalue references for *this		No
Initialization of class objects by rvalues		Yes
Non-static data member initializers		Yes
Variadic templates		Yes
Extending variadic template template parameters		Yes
Initializer lists		Yes
Static assertions		Yes
auto-typed variables		Yes
Multi-declarator auto		Yes
Removal of auto as a storage-class specifier		Yes
New function declarator syntax		Yes
New wording for C++11 lambdas		Yes
Declared type of an expression		Yes
Right angle brackets		Yes
Default template arguments for function templates		Yes
Solving the SFINAE problem for expressions		Yes
Template aliases		Yes
Extern templates		Yes
Null pointer constant		Yes
Strongly-typed enums		Yes
Forward declarations for enums		Yes
Generalized attributes		No
Generalized constant expressions		Yes
Alignment support		No
Delegating constructors		Yes
Inheriting constructors		No
Explicit conversion operators		Yes
New character types		Yes
Unicode string literals		Yes
Raw string literals		Yes
Universal character name literals		Yes
User-defined literals		Yes
Standard Layout Types		Yes
Defaulted and deleted functions		Yes
Extended friend declarations		Yes
Extending sizeof		Yes
Inline namespaces		Yes
Unrestricted unions		Yes
Local and unnamed types as template arguments		Yes
Range-based for		Yes
Explicit virtual overrides		Yes
Minimal support for garbage collection and reachability-based leak detection		No
Allowing move constructors to throw [noexcept]		Yes (core language only)
Defining move special member functions		Yes
Concurrency
Sequence points		No
Atomic operations		Yes
Strong Compare and Exchange		No
Bidirectional Fences		No
Memory model		No
Data-dependency ordering: atomics and memory model		No
Propagating exceptions		Yes
Abandoning a process and at_quick_exit		No
Allow atomics use in signal handlers		No
Thread-local storage		No
Dynamic initialization and destruction with concurrency		No
C99 Features in C++11
__func__ predefined identifier		Yes
C99 preprocessor		Yes
long long		Yes
Extended integral types		No

Language Feature	Proposal	Available in GCC 4.7?
Rvalue references		Yes
Rvalue references for *this		No
Initialization of class objects by rvalues		Yes
Non-static data member initializers		Yes
Variadic templates		Yes
Extending variadic template template parameters		Yes
Initializer lists		Yes
Static assertions		Yes
auto-typed variables		Yes
Multi-declarator auto		Yes
Removal of auto as a storage-class specifier		Yes
New function declarator syntax		Yes
New wording for C++11 lambdas		Yes
Declared type of an expression		Yes
Right angle brackets		Yes
Default template arguments for function templates		Yes
Solving the SFINAE problem for expressions		Yes
Template aliases		Yes
Extern templates		Yes
Null pointer constant		Yes
Strongly-typed enums		Yes
Forward declarations for enums		Yes
Generalized attributes		No
Generalized constant expressions		Yes
Alignment support		No
Delegating constructors		Yes
Inheriting constructors		No
Explicit conversion operators		Yes
New character types		Yes
Unicode string literals		Yes
Raw string literals		Yes
Universal character name literals		Yes
User-defined literals		Yes
Standard Layout Types		Yes
Defaulted and deleted functions		Yes
Extended friend declarations		Yes
Extending sizeof		Yes
Inline namespaces		Yes
Unrestricted unions		Yes
Local and unnamed types as template arguments		Yes
Range-based for		Yes
Explicit virtual overrides		Yes
Minimal support for garbage collection and reachability-based leak detection		No
Allowing move constructors to throw [noexcept]		Yes (core language only)
Defining move special member functions		Yes
Concurrency
Sequence points		No
Atomic operations		Yes
Strong Compare and Exchange		No
Bidirectional Fences		No
Memory model		No
Data-dependency ordering: atomics and memory model		No
Propagating exceptions		Yes
Abandoning a process and at_quick_exit		No
Allow atomics use in signal handlers		No
Thread-local storage		No
Dynamic initialization and destruction with concurrency		No
C99 Features in C++11
__func__ predefined identifier		Yes
C99 preprocessor		Yes
long long		Yes
Extended integral types		No

 visual c++ 11支持的特性

	VC10	VC11
Rvalue references , , , ,	v2.0	v2.1*
	No	No
	No	No
Variadic templates ,	No	No
	No	No
	Yes	Yes
auto ,	v1.0	v1.0
	Yes	Yes
Lambdas , ,	v1.0	v1.1
decltype ,	v1.0	v1.1**
	Yes	Yes
	No	No
	No	No
	No	No
	Yes	Yes
	Yes	Yes
	Partial	Yes
	No	Yes
	No	No
	No	No
	TR1	Partial
	No	No
	No	No
	No	No
	No	No
	No	No
	No	No
	No	No
	No	No
	No	Yes
	No	No
	Yes	Yes
	No	No
	No	No
	No	No
	Yes	Yes
	No	Yes
override and final , ,	Partial	Yes
	Yes	Yes
	No	No

C++11 Core Language Features: Concurrency	VC10	VC11
	N/A	N/A
	No	Yes
	No	Yes
	No	Yes
	N/A	N/A
	No	Yes
	No	No
	Yes	Yes
	No	No
	No	No
	Partial	Partial
	No	No

	VC10	VC11
Rvalue references , , , ,	v2.0	v2.1*
	No	No
	No	No
Variadic templates ,	No	No
	No	No
	Yes	Yes
auto ,	v1.0	v1.0
	Yes	Yes
Lambdas , ,	v1.0	v1.1
decltype ,	v1.0	v1.1**
	Yes	Yes
	No	No
	No	No
	No	No
	Yes	Yes
	Yes	Yes
	Partial	Yes
	No	Yes
	No	No
	No	No
	TR1	Partial
	No	No
	No	No
	No	No
	No	No
	No	No
	No	No
	No	No
	No	No
	No	Yes
	No	No
	Yes	Yes
	No	No
	No	No
	No	No
	Yes	Yes
	No	Yes
override and final , ,	Partial	Yes
	Yes	Yes
	No	No

 

C++11 Core Language Features: Concurrency	VC10	VC11
	N/A	N/A
	No	Yes
	No	Yes
	No	Yes
	N/A	N/A
	No	Yes
	No	No
	Yes	Yes
	No	No
	No	No
	Partial	Partial
	No	No

 

C++11 Core Language Features: C99	VC10	VC11
	Partial	Partial
	Partial	Partial
	Yes	Yes
	N/A	N/A

 

C++11 Core Language Features: C99	VC10	VC11
	Partial	Partial
	Partial	Partial
	Yes	Yes
	N/A	N/A

不难发现 ，visual c++ 11 支持很不错，但是VS 2012 编译的C++ 程序一直不支持Windows Xp，经过再三选择，决定使用gcc 4.7。

gcc4.7 是最新的gcc，我使用centos 的gcc 这是4.4，必须编译新的版本。

还好有人写出了脚本bld.sh

安装 gcc-4.7.0和boost-1.49

#!/bin/bash
umask 0
mkdir -p /shared/tools/gcc/gcc-4.7.0
cd /shared/tools/gcc/gcc-4.7.0
wget
chmod a+x bld.sh
./bld.sh 2>&1 | tee bld.log

我这里访问国外的网站真慢，下载了一天一夜，其中binutils-2.22.tar.bz2，gmp-5.0.4.tar.bz2，boost_1_49_0.tar.bz2还是手工下载放入archive目录下。

编译过程需要14个小时，占用4G空间，新的gcc 终于可以用了。

测试一

建立文件

vi compile

#!/bin/bash
GHM="/shared/tools/gcc/gcc-4.7.0/rtf"
GXX="${GHM}/bin/g++"   # OR PATH="${GHM}/bin:${PATH}"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="${GHM}/lib"
$GXX -O3 -Wall -o x.exe x.cc
./x.exe
# Expected output
# value      : ' hello world! '
# to_upper() : ' HELLO WORLD! '
# trim()     : 'HELLO WORLD!'

这个32位的，64位使用lib64

x.cc

// Test the gcc 4.7.0 compiler.
#include
#include
using namespace std;
using namespace boost;
int main()
{
  string s1(" hello world! ");
  cout << "value      : '" << s1 << "'" <

  to_upper(s1);
  cout << "to_upper() : '" << s1 << "'" <

  trim(s1);
  cout << "trim()     : '" << s1 << "'" <

  return 0;
}

测试一下std thread

vi compile2

GHM="/shared/tools/gcc/gcc-4.7.0/rtf"
GXX="${GHM}/bin/g++"   # OR PATH="${GHM}/bin:${PATH}"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="${GHM}/lib"
$GXX -O3 -Wall -std=c++11 -o b.exe b.cc -lpthread
./b.exe

b.cc

#include
#include
        
        void hello(){
            std::cout << "Hello from thread " << std::endl;
        }
        
        int main(){
            std::thread t1(hello);
            t1.join();
        
            return 0;
        }

注意链接的时候 加入pthread，否则会出现

terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::system_error'