您已经架构好了web服务器或者bs模式的应用系统,在他们正式上线前,想了解他们的性能如何,不然就算上线也是胆战心惊。找到一款简单适合易用的压力测试方法可及早解除这种担忧。
先来做个测试。本人pc机器配置一般。测试结果当然马马的了。
[root@localhost ~]# ab -c 1000 -n 1000
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.0.41-dev <$Revision: 1.141 $> apache-2.0
Copyright (c) 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd,
Copyright (c) 1998-2002 The Apache Software Foundation,
Benchmarking 127.0.0.1 (be patient)
Completed 100 requests
Completed 200 requests
Completed 300 requests
Completed 400 requests
Completed 500 requests
Completed 600 requests
Completed 700 requests
Completed 800 requests
Completed 900 requests
Finished 1000 requests
Server Software: Apache/2.0.52
Server Hostname: 127.0.0.1
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /phpinfo.php
Document Length: 51707 bytes
Concurrency Level: 1000
Time taken for tests: 33.515375 seconds
Complete requests: 1000
Failed requests: 975
(Connect: 0, Length: 975, Exceptions: 0)
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 53667920 bytes
HTML transferred: 53488173 bytes
Requests per second: 29.84 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 33515.373 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 33.515 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 1563.76 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 1 1162 4173.3 54 21852
Processing: 1151 4568 3217.0 4506 16492
Waiting: 586 3873 3003.0 2748 16359
Total: 1270 5730 5767.8 4795 31546
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 4795
66% 6325
75% 7175
80% 8433
90% 11251
95% 16068
98% 28297
99% 29581
100% 31546 (longest request)
以下是加带了-k参数。表示不释放连接。
[root@localhost ~]# ab -k -c 1000 -n 1000
//
这个表示同时处理1000个请求并每个请求并行运行1000次,并且不释放http连接
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.0.41-dev <$Revision: 1.141 $> apache-2.0
Copyright (c) 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd,
Copyright (c) 1998-2002 The Apache Software Foundation,
Benchmarking 127.0.0.1 (be patient)
Completed 100 requests
Completed 200 requests
Completed 300 requests
Completed 400 requests
Completed 500 requests
Completed 600 requests
Completed 700 requests
Completed 800 requests
Completed 900 requests
Finished 1000 requests
Server Software: Apache/2.0.52 //apache服务器平台版本
Server Hostname: 127.0.0.1 //服务器主机名
Server Port: 80 //服务器测试端口
Document Path: /phpinfo.php //测试文件
Document Length: 51941 bytes //文件大小
Concurrency Level: 1000 //并发数
Time taken for tests: 31.798080 seconds //总耗时
Complete requests: 1000 //完成请求数量
Failed requests: 60 //失败的请求
(Connect: 0, Length: 60, Exceptions: 0)
Write errors: 0
Keep-Alive requests: 0
Total transferred: 55009962 bytes //整个测试数据量
HTML transferred: 54825025 bytes //html数据量
Requests per second: 31.45 [#/sec] (mean) //最关心的指标之一,相当于 LR 中的 每秒事务数 ,后面括号中的 mean 表示这是一个平均值
Time per request: 31798.080 [ms] (mean) //最关心的指标之二,相当于 LR 中的 平均事务响应时间 ,后面括号中的 mean 表示这是一个平均值
Time per request: 31.798 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)//每个请求实际运行时间的平均值
Transfer rate: 1689.41 [Kbytes/sec] received //平均每秒网络上的流量,可以帮助排除是否存在网络流量过大导致响应时间延长的问题
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 5 3373 3797.2 3082 21920
Processing: 1725 5209 3026.4 4815 20400
Waiting: 945 4093 2789.4 3714 18217
Total: 2375 8582 5050.4 6775 28409
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 6775
66% 7776
75% 9522
80% 10062
90% 15422
95% 20366
98% 26180
99% 26345
100% 28409 (longest request)
//整个场景中所有请求的响应情况。在场景中每个请求都有一个响应时间,其中50%的用户响应时间小于6775 毫秒,66% 的用户响应时间小于7776 毫秒,最大的响应时间小于28409 毫秒
由于对于并发请求,cpu实际上并不是同时处理的,而是按照每个请求获得的时间片逐个轮转处理的,所以基本上第一个Time per request时间约等于第二个Time per request时间乘以并发请求数
工具说明:
APACHE自带的测试工具AB(apache benchmark).在APACHE的bin目录下。
格式: ./ab [options] [http://]hostname[:port]/path
参数:
-n requests Number of requests to perform
//在测试会话中所执行的请求个数。默认时,仅执行一个请求
-c concurrency Number of multiple requests to make
//一次产生的请求个数。默认是一次一个。
-t timelimit Seconds to max. wait for responses
//测试所进行的最大秒数。其内部隐含值是-n 50000。它可以使对服务器的测试限制在一个固定的总时间以内。默认时,没有时间限制。
-p postfile File containing data to POST
//包含了需要POST的数据的文件.
-T content-type Content-type header for POSTing
//POST数据所使用的Content-type头信息。
-v verbosity How much troubleshooting info to print
//设置显示信息的详细程度 - 4或更大值会显示头信息, 3或更大值可以显示响应代码(404, 200等), 2或更大值可以显示警告和其他信息。 -V 显示版本号并退出。
-w Print out results in HTML tables
//以HTML表的格式输出结果。默认时,它是白色背景的两列宽度的一张表。
-i Use HEAD instead of GET
// 执行HEAD请求,而不是GET。
-x attributes String to insert as table attributes
//
-y attributes String to insert as tr attributes
//
-z attributes String to insert as td or th attributes
//
-C attribute Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234. (repeatable)
//-C cookie-name=value 对请求附加一个Cookie:行。 其典型形式是name=value的一个参数对。此参数可以重复。
-H attribute Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'
Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)
-A attribute Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes
are a colon separated username and password.
-P attribute Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes
are a colon separated username and password.
//-P proxy-auth-username:password 对一个中转代理提供BASIC认证信任。用户名和密码由一个:隔开,并以base64编码形式发送。无论服务器是否需要(即, 是否发送了401认证需求代码),此字符串都会被发送。
-X proxy:port Proxyserver and port number to use
-V Print version number and exit
-k Use HTTP KeepAlive feature
-d Do not show percentiles served table.
-S Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.
-g filename Output collected data to gnuplot format file.
-e filename Output CSV file with percentages served
-h Display usage information (this message)
//-attributes 设置 属性的字符串.
缺陷程序中有各种静态声明的固定长度的缓冲区。另外,对命令行参数、服务器的响应头和其他外部输入的解析也很简单,这可能会有不良后果。它没有完整地实现
HTTP/1.x; 仅接受某些'预想'的响应格式。 strstr(3)的频繁使用可能会带来性能问题,即, 你可能是在测试ab而不是服务器的性能。
参数很多,一般我们用 -c 和 -n 参数就可以了.
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