Linux下的硬盘识别:
一般使用”fdisk -l”命令可以列出系统中当前连接的硬盘设备和分区信息.新硬盘没有分区信息,则只显示硬盘大小信息.
1.关闭服务器加上新硬盘
2.启动服务器,以root用户登录
3.查看硬盘信息
#fdisk -l
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Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
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255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
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Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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Disk identifier: 0x0004406e
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Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
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/dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux
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Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
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/dev/sda2 39 2589 20480000 83 Linux
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/dev/sda3 2589 2850 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
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/dev/sda4 2850 5222 19057664 5 Extended
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/dev/sda5 2850 5222 19056640 83 Linux
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Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
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255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
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Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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Disk identifier: 0x14b52796
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Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0004406e
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 39 2589 20480000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 2589 2850 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4 2850 5222 19057664 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 2850 5222 19056640 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x14b52796
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
4.创建新硬盘分区命令参数:
fdisk可以用m命令来看fdisk命令的内部命令;
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a:命令指定启动分区;
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d:命令删除一个存在的分区;
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l:命令显示分区ID号的列表;
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m:查看fdisk命令帮助;
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n:命令创建一个新分区;
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p:命令显示分区列表;
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t:命令修改分区的类型ID号;
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w:命令是将对分区表的修改存盘让它发生作用。
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5.进入磁盘,对磁盘进行分区,注意红色部分。
#fdisk /dev/sdb
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Command (m for help):n
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Command action
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e extended
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p primary partition (1-4)
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p
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Partion number(1-4):1
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First cylinder (51-125, default 51):
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Using default value 51
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Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (51-125, default 125): +200M 注:这个是定义分区大小的,+200M 就是大小为200M ;当然您也可以根据p提示的单位cylinder的大小来算,然后来指定 End的数值。回头看看是怎么算的;还是用+200M这个办法来添加,这样能直观一点。如果您想添加一个10G左右大小的分区,请输入 +10000M ;
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Command (m for help): w
Command (m for help):n
Command action
e extended //输入e为创建扩展分区
p primary partition (1-4) //输入p为创建逻辑分区
p
Partion number(1-4):1 //在这里输入l,就进入划分逻辑分区阶段了;
First cylinder (51-125, default 51): //注:这个就是分区的Start 值;这里最好直接按回车,如果您输入了一个非默认的数字,会造成空间浪费;
Using default value 51
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (51-125, default 125): +200M 注:这个是定义分区大小的,+200M 就是大小为200M ;当然您也可以根据p提示的单位cylinder的大小来算,然后来指定 End的数值。回头看看是怎么算的;还是用+200M这个办法来添加,这样能直观一点。如果您想添加一个10G左右大小的分区,请输入 +10000M ;
Command (m for help): w //最后输入w回车保存。
查看一下:
#fdisk -l
可以看到/dev/sdb1分区,我就省略截图咯。
6.格式化分区:
#mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 //注:将/dev/sdb1格式化为ext3类型
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mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
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文件系统标签=
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操作系统:Linux
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块大小=4096 (log=2)
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分块大小=4096 (log=2)
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Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
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640848 inodes, 2562359 blocks
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128117 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
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第一个数据块=0
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Maximum filesystem blocks=2625634304
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79 block groups
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32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
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8112 inodes per group
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Superblock backups stored on blocks:
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32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632
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正在写入inode表: 完成
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Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
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Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
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This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or
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180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
640848 inodes, 2562359 blocks
128117 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2625634304
79 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8112 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
这样就格式化好了,我们就可以用mount 加载这个分区,然后使用这个文件系统;
7.创建/data2目录:
#mkdir /data2
8.开始挂载分区:
#mount /dev/sdb1 /data2
9.查看硬盘大小以及挂载分区:
#df -h
10.配置开机自动挂载
因为mount挂载在重启服务器后会失效,所以需要将分区信息写到/etc/fstab文件中让它永久挂载:
#vim /etc/fstab
加入:
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/dev/sdb1(磁盘分区) /data2(挂载目录) ext3(文件格式)defaults 0 0
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11.重启系统
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