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2008-10-15 21:02:32
2)、表时间
(1)、about大约在...时候
It happened about 5 o'clock in the morning.这事发生在早晨约莫五点钟的时候。
(2)、after在...以后
After graduation he went abroad.毕业后他去了国外。
At half after ten it began to rain.在十点半下起雨来。
(3)、around大约,将近
He went to the
(4)、at在...时刻
Jane will meet her boy friend at Christmas.简将在圣诞节和她男友见面。
(5)、before在...以前(时间)
He can't finish his work before supper. 晚饭前他完不成工作。
Only two days remained before the examination.考前只剩下两天了。
(6)、behind迟于;晚于
She arrived at the office ten minutes behind her usual time.
她到办公室时比往常晚了十分钟。
(7)、by①.不迟于;在...之前②.在...的时候
We had to get there by evening.我们必须在夜晚前抵达那里。
He had to sleep by day and work by night.他只好白天睡觉,晚上工作。
(8)、during①.在...的整个期间②.在...期间的某一时候
Don't speak during the meal.吃饭时别说话。
They met and fell in love with each other during the Second World War.
他们在第二次世界大战期间相遇并相爱。
During the holiday, we went to the south. 我们假期去了南方。
(9)、for①.在(指定时间) ②. (表示时间、距离等)达,计
The meeting is arranged for 9 o'clock.会议安排在九点钟。
You can see for miles from the roof.你站在屋顶上可以看到数英里之外。
(10)、from从...起,始于
She is singing from morning to night.她从早唱到晚。
(11)、in在...期间;在...以后
He'll come back in a week.他将于一周之后回来。
I haven't met her in a long time.我好长时间没有遇见她了。
(12)、into(表示时间的推移)进入到
He worked late into the night.他工作到深夜。
(13)、of【美】(时间)在...之前
(14)、on在...的时候,在...后立即
He jumped with joy on hearing the news.他一听到这个消息就高兴得跳了起来。
(15)、over在...期间
My grandchildren will stay over Christmas.
我的孙儿孙女们圣诞节期间将呆在这儿。
(16)、past(指时间、数量等)过
It is ten past two. 现在是两点十分。
(17)、since(常用于现在完成时或过去完成时)自...以来,从...至今
I haven't heard from him since last year.我自去年以来未曾收到过他的信。
(18)、through①.从...开始至终;在...整个期间②.【美】从...直至
He read through the manuscript.他把手稿从头到尾看了。
I'll be staying at camp for five days, Monday through Friday.
我将露营五天,从星期一到星期五。
(19)、throughout贯穿,从头到尾
This feeling persisted throughout the day.这种感觉持续了一整天。
(20)、till①.直到...为止②.(用于否定句)在...以前,直到...(才)
He didn't come back till eleven o'clock. 他直到十一点钟才回来。
We'll be home till six. 六点以前我们都会在家。
They danced till midnight.他们跳舞跳到半夜。
He didn't leave the office till 8 o'clock.他直到八点才离开办公室。
(21)、to(表示时间)直到,在...之前
He wrote from morning to night.他从早到晚写东西。
(22)、towards将近;大约
She is towards sixty.她将近六十了。
We were through with the work towards noon.将近中午时我们把工作做完了。
Towards the end of the term two or three boys caught scarlet fever.
快到学期结束的时候,有两三个男孩子得了猩红热。
(23)、until①.直到...时,到...为止②.(用于否定句)在...之前,直到...(才)
Will this fish keep until tomorrow? 这鱼能搁到明天吗?
She didn't go to bed until eleven o'clock.她直到十一点才上床睡觉。
(24)、within在...范围内;不超过
You must finish the work within two weeks. 你必须两周内完成这项工作。
They finished the house within half a year.他们在半年内盖好了这幢房屋。
比较异同：
(1)、in , on，at 在……时
①、in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。
如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in one’s life , in one’s thirties等。
He was born in 1992. 他生于1992年。
I could finish the program in two weeks. 我可以用两周时间完成这个项目。
②、on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。
如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。
③、at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。
如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。
注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。
We meet every day.
(2)、in, after 在……之后
“in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后；
“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后；
“after+将来点时间”表示将来的某一时刻以后。
My mother will come back in three or four days.
He arrived after five months.
She will appear after five o’clock this afternoon.
We shall leave after lunch.
(3)、from, since 自从……
from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久；
since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。
He studied the piano from the age of three.
They have lived here since 1978.
3)、表排除
(1)、besides在...之外,除...之外
What has he done, besides reading the paper? 除了看报,他还做了什么?
He had other people to take care of besides me.除我之外,他还要照顾别人。
(2)、but(用于nothing,nobody,who,all等词后面)
He has nothing but money. 他除钱以外什么都没有。
No one saw it but me.除了我没有人看到。
Dick seldom talks of anything but music.迪克很少谈及音乐以外的事情。
(3)、except除...之外
We go there every day except Sunday.除了星期天,我们每天都去那儿。
I like her except when she is angry.除了她发怒的时候,我挺喜欢她。
比较异同：
A、with the exception of意义与except, except for相同,但比它们正式
B、apart from (=美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词,既可表示"除……之外",相当于except (for), 又可以表示"除……之外,(还,也)"相当于besides。例句:
They all passed the physics examination with the exception of Tom.
除汤姆外他们物理考试都及格了。
We had a smooth journey apart from(= except for) a flat tyre.
我们一路上很顺利,只是车胎漏了一次气。
Apart from(= besides) a flat tyre, we had broken brakes.
我们不但车胎漏了气,而且刹车也出了毛病。
C、except, besides 除了
except 除……之外，不包括在内；
besides 除……之外，包括在内。
Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)
Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)
4)、表比较
(1)、as像;如同
The old woman was dressed as a young lady.这位老妇人打扮得像一位年轻人。
(2)、like 象...，如同...。
The twins are like their father. 双胞胎像他们的父亲。
They are like brothers and sisters.他们就像兄弟姐妹一样。
(3)、above高于;优于;胜过
In the company, Dick ranks above Tom.在公司里,迪克的地位比汤姆高。
5)、表反对
(1)、against①.反对;违反②.逆;对着
The fight against inflation has been going on for almost two years.
抑制通货膨胀的战斗已展开近两年了。
They sounded a sharp warning against all these tendencies.
对于这种种倾向,他们发出了严厉的警告。
(2)、with跟...,反对
The Allied Forces fought with Germany.盟军跟德国交战。
6)、表原因、目的
(1)、for因为,由于
She came back to the classroom for she had left her books in the classroom.
她返回到教室是因为把书留在了那里。
I am sorry for what I said to you.我后悔不该对你讲那些话。
(2)、with由于,因为
They were wild with joy.他们欣喜若狂。
(3)、from因为,由于;出于
He wasn't ill; he stayed in bed from laziness.他没病,躺在床上是因懒惰之故。
He is trembling from fear.他吓得发抖。
比较异同：
A、because of:表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)
on account of:常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素
out of + 抽象名词:常用来引述心理、情感因素,如out of one’s own will(出于自愿)
owing/due to:着重把原因归于某事物,既可作状语又可作定语,due to还可以作后置定语。
thanks to:后面通常接表示积极意义的原因,意为"多亏,幸亏由于"。
Mistakes due to carelessness may cause serious consequence.
由于粗心犯的错误也许会引起严重的后果。
He walked slowly because of his bad leg. 他腿不好,所以走得很慢。
Michael and Billy, on account of their wide experiences in climbing, were voted leaders.迈克尔与贝利由于有丰富的登山经验,被选为队长。
She did it out of sympathy. 她这样做是出于同情。
Most of the problems were owing/due to human errors.
大部分问题都是由于人为的错误造成的。
Thanks to your energy and intelligence, the development scheme has been finally realized. 多亏了你的精力和智慧,这项发展计划终于实现了。
7)、表结果
(1)、to致使
To her delight, she passed the examination.使她高兴的是她考试及格了。
8)、表手段、方式
(1)、on以...方式,通过
Did you hear it on the radio? 你是从收音机听到这消息的吗?
比较异同：by, in, with表示方法、手段、工具
by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；
with 表示用 …工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段；
in 表示用…方式，用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等；
He makes a living by selling newspapers.
He broke the window with a stone.
The foreigner spoke to us in English.
The man in black jacket is our teacher. 穿黑夹克的那个人是我们的老师。
Miss Lucy came to
9)、表所属
(1)、of ...的，属于..
This is a map of
One of the legs of the table is broken.桌子的一条腿坏了。
(2)、With带着...;有...的
The girl with long hair is my classmate.长头发的女孩是我同学。
10)、表条件
(1)、without无,没有,不
He entered without knocking at the door.他没敲门就进来了。
He left us without a word.他一句话也没说就离开了我们。
(2)、considering 就...而论,考虑到
Considering the distance, he arrived very quickly.考虑到路程较远,他来得够快了。
11)、表让步
(1)、despite不管,尽管,任凭
He went to work despite his illness.尽管生病,他还是去工作。
Despite advanced years, she is learning to drive.尽管年事已高,她还在学开车。
(2)、in spite of不管
I went out in spite of the rain.尽管下雨我仍外出了。
(3)、notwithstanding 【书】 尽管
Notwithstanding the bad weather, the match went on.
