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2008-08-10 21:45:28
七、状语的造句举例
状语，是用来详细解释一个动词的状态的，即发生的可能8种情况：时间、地点、原因、状态、目的、结果、方式、程度。状语一般按照“两头偏后”的原则安放在句子或动词短语的两边。零件1、2、3、的前后，以及9、10、11的后面都可安放状语。
1、[用零件6(副词短语块)担当状语]
1)、小状语在句中位置随意：
I quickly promised.
He has always lived in the house.
It’s very kind of you.
I don’t drink water, I drink beer instead.
Lisa stood silently in front of the TV.
2)、大状语一般放在句子的两边：
Each day they take train to go to the city.
One day，he went to the theater.
They are going to do this right away.
We started form
The light is on day and night.
2、[用零件7(介词短语块)担当状语]
介短是超过两个单词组成的状语，一般安放在句子两边，且偏向于安放在句子的后面。
She looks like an actress.
They hide behind the bushes.
They have been working from morning to night.
I’m satisfied with my work.
3、[用零件9(to v 块)担当状语]
to v短语是超过两个单词组成的状语,一般安放在句子两边,且偏向于安放在句子的后面.
The man stopped to talk to me.
I stayed there to see what would happen.
I went to post-office to mail a letter.
They donate the money to help hungry people.
She was eager to see her friends.
4、[用零件10(v-ing 块)担当状语]
v-ing短语是超过两个单词组成的大状语。
Being sick，I stayed at home.
Hearing the good news，I was crazy with job.
Being very old，he had to tive up his teaching.
Seeing it was raining，he put on his rain coat.
Standing on the top of the hill，you will have a nice view of the city.
提示：v-ing短语做状语时，前面还可以加上状语从句连接词，这时候可以把v-ing短语看成是状语从句的省略，如：
Although being a child，he knowns a lot.
=Although he is a child，he knowns a lot.
After talking with him，I returned to my office.
=After I talked with him，I returned to my office.
While working here，I learned a lot,
=While I was working here，I learned a lot.
I often do some reading before going to bed.
=I often do some reading before I go to bed.
5、[用零件11(v-ed 块)担当状语]
一般放句前，并用逗号分隔，有时它和补语的区别不大，解释成“状态”或“前补语”都可以，这要看两句关系的侧重点：若两句之间的关系是紧密的因果关系，就把它解释成状语；若两句之间的关系模糊，就解释成状语或前补语都可以；若两句之间无因果关系，仅各说各的事，就解释成补语，例如：
1)、划线部分解释成状态，它们与主句关系紧密：
Given enough time，he would finish the work。
United,we stand；divided，we fall.
Compared with most kids，he was indeed fortunate.
Guided by the map，we toured the city.
2)、划线部分解释成状语或前补语都可以，它们与主句关系松散；
Informed by our teacher，he came here soon.
Born in Shanghai，he is native shanghai person.
Astonished by the fact，he was very angry.
3)、划线部分解释成前补语，它们与主句没什么紧密关系，各说各的事：
Established in 1949，this hospital has been a very good hospital.
6、[用零件17(状语从句块)担当状语]
状语从句是来解释句子或短语或句子中动词的，解释动作发生时的状态，如发生的时间、地点、条件、结果、程度、方式、目的、伴随事件等等。状语从句通常由从属连词或起连词作用的词组引导，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句相连。
1)、表达“时间”的连接词
根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，通常可分为以下几种情况：
(1)、when, while, as, whenever
when, while, as表示主句谓语动作和从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。
①、when
A、when表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，从句中用持续性动词。
When I got home, my families were already having dinner. (when表示点时间)
我到家的时候，全家正在吃晚饭。
When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in. (when表示段时间)
当他们还在说笑的时候，老师进来了。
He waved a hello when he saw her. (when表示点时间)
当他看见她的时候，就挥手打了个招呼。
When you think you know nothing, you begin to know something. (when表示段时间)
当你认为自己一无所知的时候，就开始知道一些事情了。
注意：
a、当when意思是“正当…时候” (and at that moment)时,when通常跟在前一分句之后。
He was about to go to bed when the doorbell rang.他正要上床，忽然门铃响了。
They had just arrived home when it began to rain.他们刚到家，天就开始下雨了。
b、此时，如果主句是进行时,从句是短暂动作,表示这时突然…。
They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.
他们正看着世界杯比赛，突然灯灭了。
I was reading in the room, when a girl shouted for help.
我正在房间看书，这时突然听到有一个女孩喊救命！
B、When更强调特定时间，还可表示从句中的动作先于或后于主句的动作。
When I had given Mary the spare ticket, I found my own already gone.
当我把多余的票给了玛丽时，我才发现我自己的票已不知去向。
When I finally got there, the meeting had been on for ten minutes.
当我最终赶到那里时，会议已开始十分钟了。
C、有时when表示“虽然，尽管”的含义，相当于although或since。
He walks when he might take a taxi.尽管可以打车，但他还是步行。
D、有时when还表示“既然”的含义，即原因的意思。
How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none?
既然你不宽恕别人，你自己又怎能希望得到别人的宽恕呢？
How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television?
他们把所有的空闲时间都用来看电视了, 还能学什么东西呢?
②、While
A、while通常表示一段时间，从句中只能用表示延续的动作和状态做谓语。
She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper.她在看报的时候睡着了。
Don’t talk while you’re eating.吃饭时不要说话。
We listened while the teacher read.老师朗读时我们听着。
B、while有时可以做并列连词，表示主从句中动作的对比，可译成“…而…”，相当于but。
I am fond of English while he likes maths.我喜欢英语而他却喜欢数学。
We slept while the captain kept watch.我们睡觉而上尉担任警戒。
She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking about my daughter.她以为我在谈论她女儿，而事实上，我在谈论我的女儿。
I am poor while you are rich.我很穷，你却很富有。
Tom is strong, while John is weak.汤姆很强壮，而约翰很瘦弱。
提示：虽然during与while意思很相近，但是during是介词，不能引导从句。
C、表示“趁着还来得及的时候,赶快....
Strike while it is hot.趁热打铁.
You should go to ask the teacher while he is still in.
趁着老师还在教室,你赶快去问他吧.
③、as
A、as表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。as和when经常可能通用。
The thief was caught as/when he was stealing in the supermarket.
小偷在超市行窃时被逮住了。
I saw Jim as/when he left the meeting room.吉姆离开会议室的时候我看到了他。
As they walked down the sidewalk，they saw a box.
As she left the room she remembered that book.她离开房间时想起了那本书。
He came just as I was leaving.我正要走时他来了。
B、as表示“一边…一边…”，强调从句(稳定的动作)和主句(不稳定的动)中两个动作交替进行或同时进行。
They talked as they walked.他们边走边聊。
He looked behind from time to time as he went.
他一边走，一边不时地往后看。
We listened to the singer sing as he played the guitar.(强调同一时间)
我们听着歌星边弹吉它边演唱。
I thought of it just as you opened your mouth. (强调一前一后)
你一张嘴我就知道你要说什么。
C、as表示“随着时间的发展,某事变得......”。
As spring warms the earth, all flowers begin to bloom.随着春回大地，百花开始绽放。
As modern industry develops, more and more waste produces.
随着工业的发展，垃圾制造得越来越多。
As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer.
随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。
As he grew older, he became less and less active. (强调伴随情况)
随着他年龄的增长，他变得越来越不活泼了。
D、正如....所知道,预料的一样.... as 在此是关系代词,不能用which代替.
As everybody can see, the earth is round.正如众所周知的一样,地球是圆的.
He failed as we had expected.正如我们预料的那样，他失败了。
As we had expected, Chinese Football Team beat Indian.
正如我们所预料的一样,中国足球队赢了印尼.
when, while, as的用法区别
A、当从句表示的是段时间，即其谓语动词有持续性特征时，这三者可以通用互换。
I got the news on the radio when/while/as I was having breakfast.
我在吃早饭的时候从收音机里获悉这一消息。
When/While/As I was walking in the street,I met a friend of mine.
B、若表示两个短促动作几乎同时发生时，用as场合多于when。
As he finished his speech, the audience burst into applause.
他结束讲话时，观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。
④、whenever(conj.无论什么时候;每当)
whenever是when的强势语，它描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。
You are always welcome whenever you come. 无论你何时来都欢迎。
Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.
每当我们遇上困难的时候，他们就来帮我们。
I told him to come back whenever he wants to.我告诉他什么时候想回来就回来。
(2)、before, after
①、before表示在一段时间之前。
She had been teacher for many years before you came.
I must finish all the work before I go home.回家之前我必须干完所有的活。
You must first learn to walk before you try to run.在想要跑以前，你得先学会走。
He had learned English for three years before he went to London.
他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语。
注意：
A、before从句往往带有否定的含义。
He ran off before I could stop him. 我还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。
Take it down before you forget it. 趁着还没忘记的时候就记录下来。
B、before常用句型It is/was/will be...before...
It will be not long before you regret what you have done.
不用过多久你就会对你所做所为感到后悔的。
It was not long before I realized I was wrong. 不久我就意识到我错了。
It was minutes before the police arrived. 过了几分钟警察才到。
②、after表示在一段时间之后。
Let's play football after school is over.放学后我们踢足球吧。
The sun came out soon after the storm stopped.暴风雨过后不久，太阳出来了。
After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass.喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上。
He started the job soon after he left the university.他大学毕业后就开始做这份工作。
(3)、till, until
①、until/till用于肯定句时，表示"做某事直到某时为止"，主句的谓语必须为持续性动词。
We shall wait until/till he comes back.我们将一直等到他回来。
Everything went well until/till that accident happened.
直到发生那个意外之前，一切都很正常。
②、not...until/till表示“直到某时才做某事”，主句通常要用短暂性动词(也可用持续性动词)，这时until和till可用before代替。
I didn't leave until/till/before she came back.直到她回来，我才离开的。
Bells don't ring till/until you strike them.铃不打不响。
People do not know the value of their health till/until/before they lose it.
人们直至失去了健康才知其可贵。
③、在强调句型It is not until… that… 表示"一…就…"中一般只能用until，不用till。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized her.
直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她。
注意：until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。
④、Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。
---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候？
--- Until next Monday.呆到下周一。
