apache配置SSL

一：制作根CA

　　要制作最高层认证中心，可以以一般使用者权限来做，不一定要是 root 。但如果做出来的最高层认证中心，是整个组织签发凭证要用的，建议以 root 的权限来做，比较安全。同理，制作凭证，也可以以一般使用者权限来做。但如果做出来的凭证，是这个伺服器要用的，为安全起见，建议以 root 的权限来做．

　　1：设定相关目录

[root@redhat ~]# mkdir -pv /etc/ssl 
mkdir: created directory `/etc/ssl' 
[root@redhat ~]# mkdir -pv /etc/ssl/private 
mkdir: created directory `/etc/ssl/private' 
[root@redhat ~]# chmod og-rwx /etc/ssl/private/ 
[root@redhat ~]# mkdir -pv /etc/ssl/certs 
mkdir: created directory `/etc/ssl/certs' 
[root@redhat ~]# mkdir -pv /etc/ssl/crl 
mkdir: created directory `/etc/ssl/crl' 
[root@redhat ~]#mkdir -pv /etc/ssl/newcerts 
mkdir: created directory `/etc/ssl/newcerts'

　　2：设定openssl配置文件

[root@redhat ~]# mv /usr/share/ssl/openssl.cnf /etc/ssl/ 
[root@redhat ~]# ln -sv /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf /usr/share/ssl/openssl.cnf 
create symbolic link `/usr/share/ssl/openssl.cnf' to `/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf' 
[root@redhat ~]# export OPENSSL_CONF="/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf" 
[root@redhat ~]# echo "# OpenSSL Setting Locate" >> ~/.bashrc 
[root@redhat ~]# echo "export OPENSSL_CONF=\"/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf\"" >> ~/.bashrc 
[root@redhat ~]# openssl rand -out /etc/ssl/private/.rand 1024 ##制作随机数 
[root@redhat ~]# chmod og-rwx /etc/ssl/private/.rand 
[root@redhat ~]# vi /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf ##编辑配置文件 
dir = /etc/ssl

　　3：制作根CA的私钥

　　命令中genrsa是表示生成rsa格式的私钥，-des3是指使用的加密算法；-out是指私钥的输出路径；2048是指加密的位数．

[root@redhat ~]# openssl genrsa -des3 -out /etc/ssl/private/redhatroot.key 2048 
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus 
..........+++ 
.....................................+++ 
e is 65537 (0x10001) 
Enter pass phrase for /etc/ssl/private/redhatroot.key: ##这里提示输入密码 
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for /etc/ssl/private/redhatroot.key: 
[root@redhat ~]# chmod og-rwx /etc/ssl/private/redhatroot.key

　　4：填写凭证申请书

　　凭证申请书，是把你的资料，和这个 Public Key 夹在一起，以便认证中心审核，签上签名用的。所以这个步骤，会问你这个 Key 的相关资料，包括国家、城市、单位名称、部门名称、凭证名称、联络人的信箱，以及申请的效期等等。请一一填写。

[root@redhat ~]# openssl req -new -key /etc/ssl/private/redhatroot.key -out /tmp/redhatroot.req 
Enter pass phrase for /etc/ssl/private/redhatroot.key: 
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated 
into your certificate request. 
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. 
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank 
For some fields there will be a default value, 
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. 
----- 
Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:CN 
State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:GD 
Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:Dong Guan 
Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:none 
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:redhat 
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:redhat 
Email Address []: 

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes 
to be sent with your certificate request 
A challenge password []: 
An optional company name []:

　　5：签发凭证，创建根CA

　　根CA因为没有上级了，没有人能给它签名，只能自己给自己签名．根CA最好永远不要过期。要是过期重签，所有原来它签发的凭证也都要重签，所有 SSL 程式也都要重新设定。所以我们效期签 7305 天（大约 20年）。若不设效期的话，预设是 30 天（一个月）。redhatroot.crt 是公钥凭证，要尽量散出去，让大家用。最好放到内部网路上，或放到网站上，让大家自己下载，自己加进去。

[root@redhat ~]# openssl x509 -req -days 7305 -sha1 -extfile /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf \ 
-extensions v3_ca -signkey /etc/ssl/private/redhatroot.key -in /tmp/redhatroot.req \ 
-out /etc/ssl/certs/redhatroot.crt 
Signature ok 
subject=/C=CN/ST=GD/L=Dong  
Getting Private key 
Enter pass phrase for /etc/ssl/private/redhatroot.key: 
[root@redhat ~]# rm -f /tmp/redhatroot.req ##签完凭证，凭证申请书就不用了，可以删掉。

二：创建web证书

　　1：生成证书私钥

[root@redhat ~]# openssl genrsa -out /etc/ssl/private/myhost.key 2048 
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus 
..................+++ 
.............................................................................................................+++ 
e is 65537 (0x10001) 
[root@redhat ~]# chmod og-rwx /etc/ssl/private/myhost.key

　　2：填写凭证申请书

　　被问及Common Name的时候，请输入你的web服务器的完全限定域名（FQDN）例如：redhat.test.com．当被问及A challenge password的时候，直接按回车继续。如果你没有在第二步从key中把passphrase删除，那么每次你运行/usr/local/httpd/apachectl　start启动服务器的时候你都要输入密码。这也就意味着如果你的服务器因为某些原因重新启动了，除非你在服务器旁手动敲入了密码，否则你的web服务器就不会启动。

[root@redhat ~]# openssl req -new -key /etc/ssl/private/myhost.key -out /tmp/myhost.req 
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated 
into your certificate request. 
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. 
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank 
For some fields there will be a default value, 
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. 
----- 
Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:CN 
State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:GD 
Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:Dong Guan 
Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:none 
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:www 
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:redhat.test.com 
Email Address []: 

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes 
to be sent with your certificate request 
A challenge password []: ##这里不要输入密码 
An optional company name []:

　　3：生成web证书

[root@redhat ~]# openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -sha1 -extfile \ 
/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf -extensions v3_req -CA /etc/ssl/certs/redhatroot.crt \ 
-CAkey /etc/ssl/private/redhatroot.key -CAserial /etc/ssl/redhatroot.srl -CAcreateserial \ 
-in /tmp/myhost.req -out /etc/ssl/certs/myhost.crt 
Signature ok 
subject=/C=CN/ST=GD/L=Dong  
Getting CA Private Key 
Enter pass phrase for /etc/ssl/private/redhatroot.key: 
[root@redhat ~]# rm -f /tmp/myhost.req

三：配置Apache

　　1：编辑httpd.conf

　　编辑httpd.conf的内容以启用ssl支持，如果在安装apache时没有加载ssl模块，那么需要重新安装或编译．需启用LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so（第80行）及 Include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-ssl.conf（第456行）

[root@redhat ~]# vi /etc/httpd/httpd.conf 
LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so ##启用这两行 
Include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-ssl.conf 
# 
#ServerName redhat.test.com　　##注释这几行，如果有的话 
#DocumentRoot /var/www/extsuite/extmail/html/ 
#ScriptAlias /extmail/cgi /var/www/extsuite/extmail/cgi 
#Alias /extmail /var/www/extsuite/extmail/html 
#ScriptAlias /extman/cgi /var/www/extsuite/extman/cgi 
#Alias /extman /var/www/extsuite/extman/html 
#SuexecUserGroup vmail vmail 
#Alias /phpadmin /var/www/phpadmin 
#

　　2：添加相关证书文件

[root@redhat ~]# cp /etc/ssl/certs/myhost.crt /etc/httpd/server.crt 
[root@redhat ~]# cp /etc/ssl/private/myhost.key /etc/httpd/server.key

　　3：设置httpd-ssl.conf文件

　　对照修改以下的地方就可以了，重启后Apache就可以支持SSL了．

[root@redhat ~]# vi /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-ssl.conf 

# General setup for the virtual host 
#DocumentRoot "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs" 
#ServerName  
#ServerAdmin  
ServerName redhat.test.com:443 
DocumentRoot /var/www/extsuite/extmail/html/ 
ScriptAlias /extmail/cgi /var/www/extsuite/extmail/cgi 
Alias /extmail /var/www/extsuite/extmail/html 
ScriptAlias /extman/cgi /var/www/extsuite/extman/cgi 
Alias /extman /var/www/extsuite/extman/html 
SuexecUserGroup vmail vmail 
Alias /phpadmin /var/www/phpadmin 
ErrorLog /usr/local/httpd/logs/error_log 
TransferLog /usr/local/httpd/logs/access_log

# SSL Engine Switch:

　　4：重启服务

[root@redhat ~]# /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl stop 
[root@redhat ~]# /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl start