分类：
2009-10-11 14:19:59
确定技术活动，即确定项目实施过程中的所有有关的技术开发活动，一般按项目实施阶段来分析罗列。
例如设计类项目/Design Project
1. Orientation：项目定位
2. Interview Standards：面谈标准的确定
3. Global Interview Preparation：面谈工作的全面准备
4. Standards for Requirements Report：确定系统要求报告的标准(SRR)
5. Interviews：面谈
--Individual Preparation：个人准备
--Interview：面谈
--Minutes：面谈纪要
--Confirm：面谈结果确认
6. Consolidate Data：数据汇总
7. Write Requirements Report：书写系统需求报告
8. External Design Phase Plan：确定外部设计阶段计划
9. External Design Standards：确定外部设计标准
10. External Design Phase：外部设计阶段
11. Internal Design Phase：内部设计阶段
|
Estimate Hours For Activities | |
Tasks |
Technical Hours |
|
1. Orientation:(30 hrs. ´ 6people) 2. Interview Standards 3. Global Interview Preparation 4. Standards for SRR 5. Interviews (20) Individual Preparation 4 hrs. Interview 4 hrs. Minutes 4 hrs. Confirm 4 hrs. (16 ´ 2 people ´ 20 = 640) 6. Consolidate Data 7. Write SRR 8. External Design Phase Plan 9. External Design Standards |
180 160 80 60 640 600 140 80 60 |
|
Requirements Phase Total |
2000 |
|
External Design Phase |
2000 |
|
Internal Design Phase |
2000 |
|
Project Total |
6000 |
l 项目管理工时 / Project Management
l 变化调研工时 / Change Investigation
l 项目会议 / Project Meetings
l ?
l 审查活动的逻辑顺序 / “Logical” order of activities
l 识别先行及后继活动或称紧前紧后活动 / Predecessors or sccessors
l (未覆盖遗漏的任务) / (Uncover missing activities)
l 初始忽略资源约束 / Initially ignore resource constraints
l 识别关键路径 / Identify Critical Path
图2-3 关键路径与关键任务的概念
l 内部人员 / Internal Personnel / Skills
l 外部人员 / External Personnel / Skills
名义雇员确定原则:/ Nominal Staffing
l 雇员数目 = 劳动力人月的平方根
Number of staff = Square Root of Months of Labor
l 以月衡量的持续时间 = 劳动力人月的平方根
Elapsed time in months = Square Root of Months of Labor
l 专用于测试的资源 / Dedicated Test Configuration
l 用于文档输出的激光打印机 / Laser Printer(s) for documentation
l 字处理方面的支持 / Word processing support
l ?
|
Hours Available/Year = 2080(52Weeks ´ 5Days ´ 8Hours) 每年可用总工时=2080((52周 ´ 5天/周 ´ 8小时/天)) | |
Tasks |
Hours |
|
教育培训/Education = 各种假期/Vacation + Holidays = 行政管理方面/Administration = 个人安排/Personnel = 其他(旅行/生病等)/Other(Travel,Sickness) = 总非生产性工时(Total Non-Productive Hours) = 总生产性工时(Total Productive Hours)(2080-480) = 时间利用率： 1600/2080 = 77%利用率(Utilization) 月平均有效时间：1600/12 = 133 工时/月(Hours/Month) |
80 160 80 90 70 480 1600 |
表2-1 项目持续时间与工时利用率之间的关系
|
Project Duration 项目持续时间 |
Hours/Month 工时/月 |
Utilization(Approx.) 利用率(大约) |
|
<6 months 6 –12 months >12 months |
173 140-150 130-140 120-130 |
100 80%-85% 75%-80% 70%-75% |
|
说明:173 hours per month = 22Work days(8 hour days)=4.33Weeks | ||
依据时间利用率确定项目各项活动实际所需时间长短。
|
Determine Activity Size(Utilization @75%) | |
Tasks |
Work Weeks(Technical Hours) |
|
1. Orientation:(30 hrs. ´ 6people) 2. Interview Standards 3. Global Interview Preparation 4. Standards for SRR 5. Interviews (20) Individual Preparation 4 hrs. Interview 4 hrs. Minutes 4 hrs. Confirm 4 hrs. (16 ´ 2 people ´ 20 = 640) 6. Consolidate Data 7. Write SRR 8. External Design Phase Plan 9. External Design Standards |
6.0 (180)(180÷0.75÷40/周) 5.3 (160) 2.7 (80) 2.0 (60) 21.3 (640) 20.0 (600) 4.7 (140) 2.7 (80) 2.0 (60) |
|
Requirements Phase Total |
66.7 (2000) |
|
External Design Phase |
66.7 (2000) |
|
Internal Design Phase |
66.7 (2000) |
|
Project Total |
200.0 (6000) |
按参加项目各项活动的人数及其并行/串行工作关系计算各项活动将持续的时间。
|
Determine Activity Duration(Technical Staffing @ 6 ) | |
Tasks |
Work Weeks(Hours) Duration |
|
1. Orientation:(30 hrs. ´ 6people) 2. Interview Standards 3. Global Interview Preparation 4. Standards for SRR 5. Interviews (20) Individual Preparation 4 hrs. Interview 4 hrs. Minutes 4 hrs. Confirm 4 hrs. (16 ´ 2 people ´ 20 = 640) 6. Consolidate Data 7. Write SRR 8. External Design Phase Plan 9. External Design Standards |
6.0 (180) 1.0 5.3 (160) 1.3 2.7 (80) 1.3 2.0 (60) 2.0 21.3 (640) 3.8 20.0 (600) 4.1 4.7 (140) 1.2 2.7 (80) 2.0 2.0 (60) 1.0 |
|
Requirements Phase Total |
66.7 (2000) 11.2 |
|
External Design Phase |
66.7 (2000) |
|
Internal Design Phase |
66.7 (2000) |
|
Project Total |
200.0 (6000) |
l 引言 / Introduction
l 关键假设 / Key Assumptions
l 角色与责任 / Roles & Responsibilities
l 主要的产品 / Major Products
l 完成的衡量准则 /Complete Criteria
l 预估进度表 / Estimated Schedule
l 预估成本 / Estimated Cost
|
P.O.D规划步骤 / P.O.D Planning Step |
影响的主要章节/内容 |
|
l 定义产品 / Define the products l 识别技术活动 预估活动的工时 / Identify technical activities / Estimates hours for activities l 添加LOE工时 / Add level of effort hours l 确定活动间依赖关系 / Determine dependencies l 识别雇员 / Identify staffing l 识别其他资源 / Identify other resources l 识别利用率 / Identify utilization rate l 确定活动大小 / Determine activity size l 确定活动持续时间 / Determine activity duration |
l 主要的产品 / Major Products l 完成的衡量准则 /Complete Criteria l 角色与责任 / Roles & Responsibilities l 预估进度表 / Estimated Schedule l 预估成本 / Estimated Cost l 预估进度表 / Estimated Schedule l 预估成本 / Estimated Cost l 角色与责任 / Roles & Responsibilities l 预估进度表 / Estimated Schedule l 角色与责任 / Roles & Responsibilities l 预估成本 / Estimated Cost l 角色与责任 / Roles & Responsibilities l 预估成本 / Estimated Cost l 预估进度表 / Estimated Schedule l 预估进度表 / Estimated Schedule l 预估进度表 / Estimated Schedule |
|
l 所有以上步骤 / All of Above |
l 关键假设 / Key Assumptions |
l 评估P.O.D中的风险 / Evaluate Risk in the P.O.D
l 重新进行包含或说要降低风险的过程 / Revisit the process to contain/reduce Risk
l 相应地改变输出 / Revise outputs accordingly
l 重复上述过程,直到已准备好进入项目保证工作 / Oterate until “Ready for Project Assurance”
