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| Oracle® Database Quick Installation Guide 10g Release 2 (10.2) for Linux x86 Part Number B15661-01 |
|
Quick Installation Guide
10g Release 2 (10.2) for Linux x86
B15661-01
June 2005
Oracle Database Quick Installation Guide, 10g Release 2 (10.2) for Linux x86
B15661-01
Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
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This guide describes how to quickly install Oracle Database 10g on Linux x86 systems. It includes information about the following:
This guide describes how to install Oracle Database by using the default installation options.
Tasks Described in This Guide
The procedures in this guide describe how to:
Configure your system to support Oracle Database
Install Oracle Database on a local file system by using the Basic Installation option
Configure a general-purpose Oracle Database installation that uses the local file system for database file storage
Results of a Successful Installation
After you successfully install Oracle Database:
The database that you created and the default Oracle Net listener process run on the system.
Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control and iSQL*Plus are running and can be accessed by using a Web browser.
Tasks Not Described in This Guide
This guide covers the Basic Installation scenario and does not describe how to complete the following tasks:
Using the Advanced Installation option to install the software
Installing the software on a system that has an existing Oracle software installation
Installing Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) on a cluster
Enabling Enterprise Manager e-mail notifications or automated backups
Using alternative storage options such as Automatic Storage Management or raw devices for database storage
Where to Get Additional Installation Information
For more information about installing Oracle Database, including information about the tasks not described in this guide, refer to one of the following guides:
If you want to install the software on a single system, then refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux x86.
If you want to perform a RAC installation, then refer to Oracle Database Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide for Linux. This guide also describes how to install Oracle Clusterware, which is a prerequisite for RAC installations.
Both these guides are available on the product disc. To access them, use a Web browser to open the welcome.htm file located in the top-level directory of the installation media, and then select the Documentation tab.
Before you install Oracle Database, you must complete several tasks as the root user. To log in as the root user, complete one of the following procedures:
Note: You must install the software from an X Window System workstation, an X terminal, or a PC or other system with X server software installed. |
If you are installing the software from an X Window System workstation or X terminal, then:
Start a local terminal session, for example, an X terminal (xterm).
If you are not installing the software on the local system, then enter the following command to enable the remote host to display X applications on the local X server:
$ xhost fully_qualified_remote_host_name
For example:
$ xhost somehost.us.acme.com
If you are not installing the software on the local system, then use the ssh, rlogin, or telnet command to connect to the system where you want to install the software:
$ telnet fully_qualified_remote_host_name
If you are not logged in as the root user, then enter the following command to switch user to root:
$ su - root password: #
If you are installing the software from a PC or other system with X server software installed, then:
Note: If necessary, refer to your X server documentation for more information about completing this procedure. Depending on the X server software that you are using, you may need to complete the tasks in a different order. |
Start the X server software.
Configure the security settings of the X server software to permit remote hosts to display X applications on the local system.
Connect to the remote system where you want to install the software, and start a terminal session on that system, for example, an X terminal (xterm).
If you are not logged in as the root user on the remote system, then enter the following command to switch user to root:
$ su - root password: #
The system must meet the following minimum hardware requirements:
At least 1024 MB of physical RAM
The following table shows the relationship between the available RAM and the required swap space.
| Available RAM | Swap Space Required |
|---|---|
| Between 1024 MB and 2048 MB | 1.5 times the size of RAM |
| Between 2049 MB and 8192 MB | Equal to the size of RAM |
| More than 8192 MB | 0.75 times the size of RAM |
400 MB of disk space in the /tmp directory
Between 1.5 GB and 3.5 GB of disk space for the Oracle software, depending on the installation type
1.2 GB of disk space for a preconfigured database that uses file system storage (optional)
To ensure that the system meets these requirements, follow these steps:
To determine the physical RAM size, enter the following command:
# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
If the size of the physical RAM installed in the system is less than the required size, then you must install more memory before continuing.
To determine the size of the configured swap space, enter the following command:
# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
If necessary, refer to your operating system documentation for information about how to configure additional swap space.
To determine the available RAM and swap space, enter the following command:
# free
To determine the amount of free disk space available in the /tmp directory, enter the following command:
# df -k /tmp
If there is less than 400 MB of disk space available in the /tmp directory, then complete one of the following steps:
Delete unnecessary files from the /tmp directory.
Set the TEMP and TMPDIR environment variables when setting the oracle user's environment (described later).
Extend the file system that contains the /tmp directory. If required, contact your system administrator for information about extending file systems.
To determine the amount of free disk space available on the system, enter the following command:
# df -k
To determine whether the system architecture can run the software, enter the following command:
# grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo
This command displays the processor type. Verify that the processor architecture matches the Oracle software release that you want to install. If you do not see the expected output, then you cannot install the software on this system.
The system must meet the following minimum software requirements, depending on the distribution and version of your operating system:
Note: Oracle Universal Installer performs checks on your system to verify that it meets the listed requirements. To ensure that these checks pass, verify the requirements before you start Oracle Universal Installer. |
The operating system must be one of the following:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0 (Update 3 or later)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9.0
Asianux 1.0
Asianux 2.0
The system must be running the following (or later) kernel version:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0 and Asianux 1.0
2.4.21-27.EL
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 and Asianux 2.0
2.6.9-5.0.5.EL
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9
2.6.5-7.97
The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0 and 4.0, and Asianux 1.0 and Asianux 2.0
make-3.79.1 gcc-3.2.3-34 glibc-2.3.2-95.20 compat-db-4.0.14-5 compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.128 compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.128 compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.128 compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.128 openmotif21-2.1.30-8 setarch-1.3-1
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9
gcc-3.3.3-43 gcc-c++-3.3.3-43 glibc-2.3.3-98 libaio-0.3.98-18 libaio-devel-0.3.98-18 make-3.80 openmotif-libs-2.2.2-519.1
For the Oracle products that you want to install, the system must meet the following product-specific requirments:
Oracle Messaging Gateway
This product supports the integration of Oracle Streams Advanced Queuing (AQ) with the following software:
IBM WebSphere MQ V5.3, client and server, with corrective service diskette 5 (CSD05) or later:
MQSeriesClient MQSeriesServer MQSeriesRuntime
TIBCO Rendezvous 7.2
Oracle Spatial
This product requires the following X Window System development packages:
XFree86 XFree86-devel
This software is required only to build the sample programs.
PL/SQL native compilation, Pro*C/C++, Oracle Call Interface, Oracle C++ Call Interface, and Oracle XML Developer's Kit (XDK)
The version of GNU C and C++ compilers listed previously for your distribution is supported for use with these products.
Intel C++ Compiler v7.1.0.28 or later is also supported. However, it is not required for installation. On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3, OCCI is supported with both version 2.96-128 and version 3.2 of the GNU C++ compiler. However, version 3.2 is the default compiler version. OCCI is also supported with Intel Compiler v8.0 with gcc 3.2.3 standard template libraries. Intel C++ Compiler v7 does not support OCCI.
Oracle JDBC/OCI Drivers
You can use the following version of JDK with the Oracle JDBC/OCI drivers:
Sun JDK 1.4.2_08 with the JNDI extension
However, it is not required for the installation.
JDK 1.4.2_08 is installed with this release.
To ensure that the system meets these requirements, follow these steps:
To determine which version of the operating system is installed, enter the following command:
# cat /etc/issue
Note: Only the distributions and versions listed earlier in this section are supported. Do not install the software on other versions of Linux. |
To determine whether the required kernel is installed, enter the following command :
# uname -r
The following is sample output obtained by running this command on a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0 system:
2.4.21-15.EL
In this example, the output shows the kernel version (2.4.21) and errata level (15.EL).
If the kernel version does not meet the requirement specified earlier in this section, then contact your operating system vendor for information about obtaining and installing kernel updates.
To determine whether the required packages are installed, enter commands similar to the following:
# rpm -q package_name
If a package is not installed, or if the version is lower than the required version, then install it from your Linux distribution media or download the required package from your Linux vendor's Web site.
If you require a CSD for WebSphere MQ, then refer to the following Web site for download and installation information:
The following local operating system groups and users are required if you are installing Oracle Database:
The Oracle Inventory group (oinstall)
The OSDBA group (dba)
The Oracle software owner (oracle)
An unprivileged user (nobody)
To determine whether these groups and users already exist, and if necessary, to create them, follow these steps:
To determine whether the oinstall group exists, enter the following command:
# more /etc/oraInst.loc
If the output of this command shows the oinstall group name, then the group already exists.
If the oraInst.loc file exists, then the output from this command is similar to the following:
inventory_loc=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory inst_group=oinstall
The inst_group parameter shows the name of the Oracle Inventory group, oinstall.
To determine whether the dba group exists, enter the following command:
# grep dba /etc/group
If the output from this commands shows the dba group name, then the group already exists.
If necessary, enter the following commands to create the oinstall and dba groups:
# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall # /usr/sbin/groupadd dba
To determine whether the oracle user exists and belongs to the correct groups, enter the following command:
# id oracle
If the oracle user exists, then this command displays information about the groups to which the user belongs. The output should be similar to the following, indicating that oinstall is the primary group and dba is a secondary group:
uid=440(oracle) gid=200(oinstall) groups=201(dba),202(oper)
If necessary, complete one of the following actions:
If the oracle user exists, but its primary group is not oinstall or it is not a member of the dba group, then enter the following command:
# /usr/sbin/usermod -g oinstall -G dba oracle
If the oracle user does not exist, enter the following command to create it:
# /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
This command creates the oracle user and specifies oinstall as the primary group and dba as the secondary group.
Enter the following command to set the password of the oracle user:
# passwd oracle
To determine whether the nobody user exists, enter the following command:
# id nobody
If this command displays information about the nobody user, then you do not have to create the user.
If the nobody user does not exist, then enter the following command to create it:
# /usr/sbin/useradd nobody
Verify that the kernel parameters shown in the following table are set to values greater than or equal to the recommended value shown. The procedure following the table describes how to verify and set the values.
| Parameter | Value | File |
|---|---|---|
| semmsl semmns semopm semmni | 250 32000 100 128 | /proc/sys/kernel/sem |
| shmall | 2097152 | /proc/sys/kernel/shmall |
| shmmax | Half the size of physical memory (in bytes) | /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax |
| shmmni | 4096 | /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni |
| file-max | 65536 | /proc/sys/fs/file-max |
| ip_local_port_range | Minimum: 1024 Maximum: 65000 | /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range |
| rmem_default | 262144 | /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default |
| rmem_max | 262144 | /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max |
| wmem_default | 262144 | /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default |
| wmem_max | 262144 | /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max |
Note: If the current value of any parameter is higher than the value listed in this table, then do not change the value of that parameter. |
To view the current value specified for these kernel parameters, and to change them if necessary:
Enter commands similar to the following to view the current values of the kernel parameters:
Note: Make a note of the current values and identify any values that you must change. |
| Parameter | Command |
|---|---|
| semmsl, semmns, semopm, and semmni | # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem This command displays the value of the semaphore parameters in the order listed. |
| shmall, shmmax, and shmmni | # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm |
| file-max | # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max |
| ip_local_port_range | # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range |
| rmem_default | # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_default |
| rmem_max | # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_max |
| wmem_default | # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_default |
| wmem_max | # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_max |
If the value of any kernel parameter is different from the recommended value, then complete the following steps:
Using any text editor, create or edit the /etc/sysctl.conf file and add or edit lines similar to the following:
Note: Include lines only for the kernel parameter values that you want to change. For the semaphore parameters (kernel.sem), you must specify all four values. However, if any of the current values are larger than the recommended value, specify the larger value. |
kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 fs.file-max = 65536 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 rmem_default = 262144 rmem_max = 262144 wmem_default = 262144 wmem_max = 262144
By specifying the values in the /etc/sysctl.conf file, they persist when you restart the system.
On SUSE systems only, enter the following command to ensure that the system reads the /etc/sysctl.conf file when it restarts:
# /sbin/chkconfig boot.sysctl on
Set Shell Limits for the oracle User
To improve the performance of the software, you must increase the following shell limits for the oracle user:
| Shell Limit | Item in limits.conf | Hard Limit |
|---|---|---|
| Maximum number of open file descriptors | nofile | 65536 |
| Maximum number of processes available to a single user | nproc | 16384 |
To increase the shell limits:
Add the following lines in the /etc/security/limits.conf file:
oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536
Add the following line to the /etc/pam.d/login file, if it does not already exist:
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
Depending on the oracle user's default shell, make the following changes to the default shell startup file:
For the Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell, add the following lines in the /etc/profile file (or the /etc/profile.local file on SUSE systems):
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
For the C shell, add the following lines in the /etc/csh.login file (or the /etc/csh.login.local file on SUSE systems):
if ( $USER == "oracle" ) then
limit maxproc 16384
limit descriptors 65536
endif
Create directories with names similar to the following, and specify the correct owner, group, and permissions for them:
The Oracle base directory
An optional Oracle data file directory (optional)
The Oracle base directory must have 3 GB of free disk space, or 4 GB of free disk space if you choose not to create a separate Oracle data file directory.
Note: If you do not want to create a separate Oracle data file directory, then you can install the data files in a subdirectory of the Oracle base directory. However, this is not recommended for production databases. |
To create the Oracle base directory:
Enter the following command to display information about all mounted file systems:
# df -k
This command displays information about all the file systems mounted on the system, including:
The physical device name
The total amount, used amount, and available amount of disk space
The mount point directory for that file system
From the display, identify either one or two file systems that meet the disk space requirements mentioned earlier in this section.
Note the name of the mount point directory for each file system that you identified.
Enter commands similar to the following to create the recommended subdirectories in the mount point directory that you identified and set the appropriate owner, group, and permissions on them:
# mkdir -p /mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner # chown -R oracle:oinstall /mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner # chmod -R 775 /mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner
For example, if the mount point you identify is /u01 and oracle is the user name of the Oracle software owner, then the recommended Oracle base directory path is as follows:
/u01/app/oracle
You run Oracle Universal Installer from the oracle account. However, before you start Oracle Universal Installer, you must configure the environment of the oracle user. To configure the environment, you must:
Set the default file mode creation mask (umask) to 022 in the shell startup file.
Set the DISPLAY environment variable.
To set the oracle user's environment:
Start a new terminal session, for example, an X terminal (xterm).
Enter the following command to ensure that X Window applications can display on this system:
$ xhost fully_qualified_remote_host_name
Complete one of the following steps:
If the terminal session is not connected to the system where you want to install the software, then log in to that system as the oracle user.
If the terminal session is connected to the system where you want to install the software, then switch user to oracle:
$ su - oracle
To determine the default shell for the oracle user, enter the following command:
$ echo $SHELL
Open the oracle user's shell startup file in any text editor:
Bash shell (bash) on Red Hat:
$ vi .bash_profile
Bourne shell (sh), Bash shell on SUSE (bash), or Korn shell (ksh):
$ vi .profile
C shell (csh or tcsh):
% vi .login
Enter or edit the following line in the shell startup file, specifying a value of 022 for the default file mode creation mask:
umask 022
If the ORACLE_SID, ORACLE_HOME, or ORACLE_BASE environment variable is set in the file, then remove the corresponding lines from the file.
Save the file, and exit from the editor.
To run the shell startup script, enter the following command:
Bash shell on Red Hat:
$ . ./.bash_profile
Bourne shell, Bash shell on SUSE, or Korn shell:
$ . ./.profile
C shell:
% source ./.login
If you are not installing the software on the local system, then enter a command similar to the following to direct X applications to display on the local system:
Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:
$ DISPLAY=local_host:0.0 ; export DISPLAY
C shell:
% setenv DISPLAY local_host:0.0
In this example, local_host is the host name or IP address of the system that you want to use to display Oracle Universal Installer (your workstation or PC).
If you determined that the /tmp directory had insufficient free disk space when checking the hardware requirements, then identify a file system with the required amount of free space and set the TEMP and TMPDIR environment variables as follows:
Use the df -k command to identify a suitable file system with sufficient free space.
If necessary, enter commands similar to the following to create a temporary directory on the file system that you identified, and set the appropriate permissions on the directory:
$ su - root # mkdir /mount_point/tmp # chmod a+wr /mount_point/tmp # exit
Enter commands similar to the following to set the TEMP and TMPDIR environment variables:
Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:
$ TEMP=/directory $ TMPDIR=/directory $ export TEMP TMPDIR
C shell:
% setenv TEMP /directory % setenv TMPDIR /directory
Enter the following commands to ensure that the ORACLE_HOME and TNS_ADMIN environment variables are not set:
Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:
$ unset ORACLE_HOME $ unset TNS_ADMIN
C shell:
% unsetenv ORACLE_HOME % unsetenv TNS_ADMIN
To verify that the environment has been set correctly, enter the following commands:
$ umask $ env | more
Verify that the umask command displays a value of 0022, 022, or 22 and the environment variables that you set in this section have the correct values.
On most Linux systems, the product disc mounts automatically when you insert it into the drive. If the disc does not mount automatically, then follow these steps to mount it:
Switch user to root:
$ su - root
If necessary, enter a command similar to the following to eject the currently mounted disc, then remove it from the drive:
Red Hat:
# eject /mnt/dvd
SUSE:
# eject /media/dvd
In these examples, /mnt/dvd and /media/dvd are the mount point directories for the disc drive.
Insert the disc into the disc drive.
To verify that the disc mounted automatically, enter a command similar to the following:
Red Hat:
$ ls /mnt/dvd
SUSE:
$ ls /media/dvd
If this command fails to display the contents of the disc, then enter a command similar to the following:
Red Hat:
# mount -t iso9660 /dev/dvd /mnt/dvd
SUSE:
# mount -t iso9660 /dev/dvd /media/dvd
In these examples, /mnt/dvd and /media/dvd are the mount point directories for the disc drive.
After configuring the oracle user's environment, start Oracle Universal Installer and install Oracle Database as follows:
To start Oracle Universal Installer, enter the following command:
$ /mount_point/db/runInstaller
If Oracle Universal Installer does not start, then refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux x86 for information about how to troubleshoot X Window display problems.
The following table describes the recommended action for each Oracle Universal Installer screen. Use the following guidelines to complete the installation:
If you need more assistance, or if you want to choose an option that is not a default, then click Help for additional information.
If you encounter errors while installing or linking the software, then refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux x86 for information about troubleshooting.
Note: If you have completed the tasks listed previously, then you can complete the installation by choosing the default values on most screens. |
| Screen | Recommended Action |
|---|---|
| Select Installation Method | The Basic Installation option is selected by default. Specify the directory path of the Oracle home. Ensure that the |
| Specify Inventory Directory and Credentials | This screen is displayed only during the first installation of Oracle products on a system. Specify the full path of the Oracle Inventory directory. Ensure that the operating system group selected is |
| Product-Specific Prerequisite Checks | Verify that all of the prerequisite checks succeed, and then click Next. Oracle Universal Installer checks the system to verify that it is configured correctly to run Oracle software. If you have completed all of the preinstallation steps in this guide, all of the checks should pass. If a check fails, then review the cause of the failure listed for that check on the screen. If possible, rectify the problem and rerun the check. Alternatively, if you are satisfied that your system meets the requirements, then you can select the check box for the failed check to manually verify the requirement. |
| Summary | Review the information displayed on this screen, and then click Install. |
| Install | This screen displays status information while the product is installed. |
| Configuration Assistants | This screen displays status information for the configuration assistants that configure the software and create a database. When the message is displayed at the end of this process, click OK to continue. |
| Execute Configuration Scripts | When prompted, read the instructions and then run the scripts mentioned on this screen. Click OK to continue. |
| End of Installation | The configuration assistants configure several Web-based applications, including Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control. This screen displays the URLs configured for these applications. Make a note of the URLs used. The port numbers used in these URLs are also recorded in the following file: $ORACLE_HOME/install/portlist.ini To exit from Oracle Universal Installer, click Exit and then click Yes. |
The Oracle Database 10g Companion CD contains additional products that you can install. Whether you need to install these products depends on which Oracle Database products or features you plan to use. If you plan to use the following products or features, then you must complete the Oracle Database 10g Products installation from the Companion CD:
JPublisher
Oracle JVM
Oracle interMedia
Oracle JDBC development drivers
Oracle SQLJ
Oracle Database Examples
Oracle Text supplied knowledge bases
Oracle Ultra Search
Oracle HTML DB
Oracle Workflow server and middle-tier components
For information about installing software from the Companion CD, refer to Oracle Database Companion CD Quick Installation Guide for Linux x86.
To become familiar with this release of Oracle Database, it is recommended that you complete the following tasks:
Log in to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control using a Web browser.
Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control is a Web-based application that you can use to manage a single Oracle Database installation. The default URL for Database Control is similar to the following:
http://host.domain:1158/em/
To log in, use the user name SYS and connect as SYSDBA. Use the password that you specified for this user during the Oracle Database 10g installation.
Refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux x86 for information about required and optional postinstallation tasks, depending on the products that you want to use.
Refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux x86 for information about how to use Database Control to learn about the configuration of your installed database.
To learn more about using Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control to administer a database, refer to Oracle Database 2 Day DBA.
This guide, designed for new Oracle DBAs, describes how to use Database Control to manage all aspects of an Oracle Database installation. It also provides information about how to enable e-mail notifications and automated backups, which you might not have configured during the installation.
This section contains information about the following:
Product Licenses
You are welcome to install and evaluate the products included in this media pack for 30 days under the terms of the Trial License Agreement. However, you must purchase a program license if you want to continue using any product after the 30 day evaluation period. See the following section for information about purchasing program licenses.
Purchasing Licenses, Version Updates, and Documentation
You can purchase program licenses, updated versions of Oracle products, and printed versions of Oracle documentation from the Oracle