在WCF通信中,如果实现要得到服务端处理的结果,一种方式是在契约中指定调用方法带返回值(IsOneWay=false),但这种方式是有缺陷的,如果服务端处理时间过长,则客户端也需要长时间等待。
另一种方式是通过双工通信,使用回调来实现。但回调的时候,回调方法中不应该有耗时操作,否则当服务端处理完成退出的时间,回调消息会丢失。
目前WCF支持双工的绑定方式有:WSDualHttpBinding,NetTcpBinding与NetNamedPipeBinding三种,其它绑定方式不支持双工。
下面以一个简短的例子说明双工通信。
1、定义契约
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[ServiceContract(Namespace = "http://cnblog.com/zhili/", CallbackContract = typeof(ICallback))]
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public interface ICalculator
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{
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[OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)]
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void Multiple(double a, double b);
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[OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)]
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void DisplayString(string name);
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}
其中指定了回调契约是ICallback。
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// 回调契约的定义,此时回调契约不需要应用ServiceContractAttribute特性
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public interface ICallback
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{
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[OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)]
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void DisplayResult(double x, double y, double result);
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[OperationContract(IsOneWay = false, ProtectionLevel = ProtectionLevel.EncryptAndSign)]
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string DisplayStringResult(string retStr);
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}
我们看到,回调第二个方法有返回值。这个在服务行为配置中要有特殊配置,否则会卡死。
2、服务端实现
实现服务契约:
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// 服务契约的实现
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[ServiceBehavior(IncludeExceptionDetailInFaults = true,ConcurrencyMode = ConcurrencyMode.Multiple)]
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public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
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{
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#region ICalculator Members
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public void Multiple(double a, double b)
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{
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for (int i = 1; i < 100; i++)
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{
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double result = a * b;
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// 通过客户端实例通道
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ICallback callback = OperationContext.Current.GetCallbackChannel<ICallback>();
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// 对客户端操作进行回调
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callback.DisplayResult(a, b, result);
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Console.WriteLine("Callback Times {0} at time {1}", i, DateTime.Now.ToString("hh:mm:ss tt zz"));
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}
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Program.ExitFlag = true;
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}
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public void DisplayString(string name)
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{
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for (int i = 1; i < 100; i++)
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{
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// 通过客户端实例通道
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ICallback callback = OperationContext.Current.GetCallbackChannel<ICallback>();
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// 对客户端操作进行回调
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string retStr = callback.DisplayStringResult("Hello " + name);
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Console.WriteLine("Callback Times {0} at time {1}, ret={2}", i, DateTime.Now.ToString("hh:mm:ss tt zz"), retStr);
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}
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Program.ExitFlag = true;
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}
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#endregion
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}
其中ServiceBehavior属性的ConcurrencyMode =
ConcurrencyMode.Multiple配置就是配置回调方法带返回值问题(IsOneWay=false),如果不设置这个属性,或者设置为Single,上述回调方法调用时会卡死。
主程序如下:
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class Program
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{
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public static bool ExitFlag = false;
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static void Main(string[] args)
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{
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using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService)))
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{
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host.Opened += delegate
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{
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Console.WriteLine("Service start now....");
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};
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host.Open();
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while (!ExitFlag)
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{
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Thread.Sleep(500);
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}
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}
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}
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}
主程序配置(App.Config):
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
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<configuration>
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<system.serviceModel>
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<behaviors>
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<serviceBehaviors>
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<behavior>
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<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" httpGetUrl=""/>
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</behavior>
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</serviceBehaviors>
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</behaviors>
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<services>
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<service name="NMS.WCFDemo.Server.CalculatorService">
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<endpoint address="net.tcp://localhost:9003/CalculatorService" binding="netTcpBinding" contract="NMS.WCFDemo.Contract.ICalculator"/>
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</service>
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</services>
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</system.serviceModel>
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</configuration>
3、客户端
创建完客户端程序后,添加一个服务引用,指向上面配置文件的地址获取服务引用。(添加服务引用时服务程序必须已经在运行)
实现回调契约:
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// 客户端中对回调契约的实现
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public class CallbackWCFService : ICalculatorCallback
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{
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private int i = 1;
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public void DisplayResult(double a, double b, double result)
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{
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Console.WriteLine("{4} : {0} * {1} = {2} ====== AT Time {3}", a, b, result, DateTime.Now.ToString("hh:mm:ss tt zz"), i++);
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Thread.Sleep(1000);
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}
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public string DisplayStringResult(string retStr)
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{
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Console.WriteLine("{0} : recevie msg {1} ====== AT Time {2}", i++, retStr, DateTime.Now.ToString("hh:mm:ss tt zz"));
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Thread.Sleep(1000);
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return i.ToString();
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}
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}
客户端主程序:
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// 客户端实现,测试回调操作
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class Program
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{
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static void Main(string[] args)
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{
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InstanceContext instanceContex = new InstanceContext(new CallbackWCFService());
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CalculatorClient proxy = new CalculatorClient(instanceContex);
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if (args[0] == "1")
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{
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proxy.Multiple(2, 3);
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}
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else
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{
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Console.WriteLine("Call string ...");
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proxy.DisplayString("Client");
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}
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Console.Read();
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}
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}
客户端配置文件(App.Config)
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
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<configuration>
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<startup>
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<supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5" />
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</startup>
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<system.serviceModel>
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<bindings>
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<netTcpBinding>
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<binding name="NetTcpBinding_ICalculator" />
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<binding name="NetTcpBinding_ICalculator1" />
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</netTcpBinding>
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</bindings>
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<client>
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<endpoint address="net.tcp://localhost:9003/CalculatorService"
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binding="netTcpBinding" bindingConfiguration="NetTcpBinding_ICalculator"
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contract="NMS.WCFDemo.Contract.ICalculator" name="NetTcpBinding_ICalculator" />
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<endpoint address="net.tcp://localhost:9003/CalculatorService"
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binding="netTcpBinding" bindingConfiguration="NetTcpBinding_ICalculator1"
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contract="ServiceReference1.ICalculator" name="NetTcpBinding_ICalculator1">
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<identity>
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<userPrincipalName value="DESKTOP-4D9M16H\wangcc" />
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</identity>
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</endpoint>
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</client>
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</system.serviceModel>
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</configuration>
然后运行程序就能看到效果了。
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