X11/Xlib 的一些简单例子（来自网上收集的)

例子一：

#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/Xutil.h>
#include <X11/Xos.h>
#include <X11/Xatom.h>

#include <stdio.h>


void draw(Display *display, Window win, GC gc,
XFontStruct *fs, XFontStruct *fs16)
{
char *str1 = "Hello World!";
char *str2 = "你好，大家??！";


//参考线

XDrawLine(display, win, gc, 20, 100, 300, 100);
//画字符串

XSetFont(display, gc, fs->fid);
XDrawString(display, win, gc, 20, 100, str1, strlen(str1));
//计算宽度

printf("str1 width:%d\n", XTextWidth(fs, str1, strlen(str1)));

//画中文字符串

XSetFont(display, gc, fs16->fid);
XDrawString16(display, win, gc, 200, 100, (XChar2b*)str2,
strlen(str2)/2);
//计算宽度

printf("str2 width:%d\n", XTextWidth16(fs16,
(XChar2b *)str2, strlen(str2)));


}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int i;
Display *display;
int screen_num;
Window win; //窗口ID

unsigned int width, height; //窗口尺寸

unsigned int border_width = 4; //边界空白

unsigned int display_width, display_height;//屏幕尺寸

int count;
XEvent report;
GC gc;
unsigned long valuemask = 0;
XGCValues values;
char *display_name = NULL;
char **fonts;
int font_count;
XFontStruct *fs, *fs16;

// 和X 服务器连接

if ( (display=XOpenDisplay(display_name)) == NULL )
{
printf("Cannot connect to X server %s\n",
XDisplayName(display_name));
exit(-1);
}

//获得缺省的 screen_num

screen_num = DefaultScreen(display);

//获得屏幕的宽度和高度

display_width = DisplayWidth(display, screen_num);
display_height = DisplayHeight(display, screen_num);

//指定所建立窗口?宽度和高度

//width = display_width/2;

//height = display_height/2;

width = 600;
height = 400;

//列出所有GB2312

printf("All gb2312 fonts on this server:\n");
fonts = XListFonts(display, "*gb2312*", 10000, &font_count);
for(i=0; i<font_count; i++)
printf("%s\n", fonts[i]);
XFreeFontNames(fonts);

//载入8x16字体

if((fs = XLoadQueryFont(display, "9x15")) == NULL){
printf("Cannot load font 9x15\n");
exit(1);
}
//载入中文16点阵字体

if((fs16 = XLoadQueryFont(display, "hanzigb16st")) == NULL){
printf("Cannot load Chinese font\n");
exit(1);
}

//建立窗口

win = XCreateSimpleWindow(display, //display

RootWindow(display,screen_num), //父窗口

0, 0, width, height, //位置和大小

border_width, //边界宽度

BlackPixel(display,screen_num), //前景色

WhitePixel(display,screen_num));//背景色


//选择窗口感兴趣的事件掩码

XSelectInput(display, win,
ExposureMask | KeyPressMask |
ButtonPressMask | StructureNotifyMask);

//建立GC

gc = XCreateGC(display, win, valuemask, &values);

//显示窗口

XMapWindow(display, win);

//进入事件循环

while (1) {

//取得队列中的事件

XNextEvent(display, &report);
switch (report.type) {

//曝光事件, 窗口应重绘

case Expose:
//取得最后一个曝光事件

if (report.xexpose.count != 0) break;
draw(display, win, gc, fs, fs16);
break;

//窗口尺寸改变, 重新取得窗口的宽度和高度

case ConfigureNotify:
width = report.xconfigure.width;
height = report.xconfigure.height;
break;

//鼠标点击或有按键, 释放资源?退出

case ButtonPress:
XFreeGC(display, gc);
XCloseDisplay(display);
exit(1);
case KeyPress:
printf("report: %c\n", report.xkey.keycode);
break;
default:

break;
}
}
}





例子二：

#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
Display *d;
Window w, wb;
XEvent event;
Font f;
GC gc;
d = XOpenDisplay( NULL );
w = XCreateSimpleWindow( d, RootWindow( d, 0 ),
                          180, 50,
                          260, 160,
                          1, WhitePixel(d, 0), BlackPixel(d, 0) );
XSelectInput( d, w, ExposureMask|ButtonPressMask );

wb = XCreateSimpleWindow( d, w,
                           20, 20,
                           100, 20,
                           1, WhitePixel(d, 0), BlackPixel(d, 0) );

XSelectInput( d, wb, ExposureMask|ButtonPressMask );

gc = XCreateGC( d, w, 0, 0 );
f = XLoadFont( d, "fixed" );
XSetFont( d, gc, f );
XMapWindow( d, w );
XMapWindow( d, wb );
XFlush( d );

while( 1 ){
    XNextEvent( d, &event );
    switch( event.type ){

    case Expose:
      if ( event.xany.window == wb ){
        XSetForeground( d, gc, BlackPixel(d, 0) );
        XFillRectangle( d, w, gc, 0, 0, 260, 160 );
        XSetForeground( d, gc, WhitePixel(d, 0) );
        XDrawString( d, wb, gc, 10, 10, "push", 4 );//把push换成中文例如”确 //定”？？？？？为什么编译完后，执行，不能出现中文

      }
      break;

    case ButtonPress:
      if ( event.xany.window == w ){
        printf( "w " );
        fflush( stdout );
      }
      if ( event.xany.window == wb ){
        printf( "wb ");
        fflush( stdout );
      }
      break;
    }
  }
}


例子三：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/Xutil.h>
/*
#include
*/
#include <X11/Xlocale.h>

void DrawCenteredMbString ( Display *, Window, XFontSet, GC, char*, int, int,
                                int, int, int );

int
main (argc, argv)
        int argc;
        char *argv[];
{
        Display *dpy;
        Window w;
        XFontSet fontset;
        char **missing_charsets;
        int num_missing_charsets;
        char *default_string;
        int i;
        GC gc;
        XEvent xe;

        char *program_name = argv[0];

        if ( setlocale (LC_ALL,"") == NULL ) {
                (void) fprintf (stderr, "%s: cannot set locale.n",
                program_name );
                exit (1);
        }

        if ( !XSupportsLocale () ) {
                (void) fprintf (stderr,"%s: X does not support locale %s.n",
                program_name, setlocale( LC_ALL, NULL ) );
                exit (1);
        }

        if ( XSetLocaleModifiers("") == NULL ) {
                (void) fprintf (stderr,
                        "%s: Warning: cannot set locale modifiers.n",
                        program_name);
        }

        dpy = XOpenDisplay ( NULL);
        w = XCreateSimpleWindow ( dpy, RootWindow( dpy, 0 ), 50, 50,
                                        100, 50, 5, BlackPixel( dpy, 0 ),
                                        WhitePixel( dpy, 0 ) );
        gc = XCreateGC ( dpy, w, 0L, ( XGCValues * ) NULL );

        fontset = XCreateFontSet (dpy, "-*-*-*-*-*-*-16-*-*-*-*-*-*-*",
                        &missing_charsets, &num_missing_charsets,
                        &default_string);
        if ( num_missing_charsets > 0 ) {
                (void) fprintf (stderr,
                        "%s: The following charsets are missing:n",
                        program_name);
                for ( i=0; i < num_missing_charsets; i++ )
                        (void)fprintf (stderr, "%s: %sn", program_name,
                                missing_charsets);
                (void) fprintf (stderr, "%s: The string is %s", program_name,
                                default_string);
                (void) fprintf (stderr,
                                "%s: of any characters from those sets.n",
                                program_name);
                XFreeStringList (missing_charsets);
        }

        XSetLineAttributes ( dpy, gc, 5, LineSolid, CapRound, JoinRound );

        XSelectInput ( dpy, w, ExposureMask | ButtonPressMask
                        | EnterWindowMask | LeaveWindowMask );

        XMapWindow ( dpy, w );

        XFlush ( dpy );

        while ( True )
        {
                XNextEvent ( dpy, &xe );

                switch ( xe.type ) {

                case Expose:
                        printf ("Expose 出现.n");
                        XSetForeground ( dpy, gc, BlackPixel( dpy, 0 ) );
                        DrawCenteredMbString ( dpy, w, fontset, gc,
                                        "你好 Hello",
                                        10, 0, 0, 100, 50 );
                        break;
                case ButtonPress:
                        printf ("按下!n");
                        exit (1);
                        break;
                case EnterNotify:
                        printf ("进入.n");
                        XSetForeground ( dpy, gc, BlackPixel( dpy, 0 ) );
                        XDrawRectangle ( dpy, w, gc, 0, 0, 100, 50 );
                        break;
                case LeaveNotify:
                        printf ("离开.n");
                        XSetForeground ( dpy, gc, WhitePixel( dpy, 0 ) );
                        XDrawRectangle ( dpy, w, gc, 0, 0, 100, 50 );
                        break;
                default:
                        printf ("默认.n");
                        break;
                }
        }
        return 0;
}

void
DrawCenteredMbString (dpy, w, fontset, gc, str, num_bytes, x, y, width, height )
        Display *dpy;
        Window w;
        XFontSet fontset;
        GC gc;
        char *str;
        int num_bytes;
        int x,y, width, height;
{
        XRectangle boundingbox;
        XRectangle dummy;
        int originx, originy;

        (void) XmbTextExtents (fontset, str, num_bytes, &dummy, &boundingbox);

        originx = x + ( width - boundingbox.width )/2 - boundingbox.x;
        originy = y + ( height - boundingbox.height)/2 - boundingbox.y;

        XmbDrawString (dpy, w, fontset, gc, originx, originy, str, num_bytes);
}