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2010年(86)

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分类: LINUX

2010-04-15 16:03:56

前言:本文是我撰写的关于搭建“Nginx + PHP(FastCGI)”Web服务器的第5篇文章。本系列文章作为国内最早详细介绍 Nginx + PHP 安装、配置、使用的资料之一,为推动 Nginx 在国内的发展产生了积极的作用。这是一篇关于Nginx 0.7.x系列版本的文章,安装、配置方式与第4篇文章相差不大,但增加了MySQL安装配置的信息、PHP 5.2.10 的 php-fpm 补丁。Nginx 0.7.x系列版本虽然为开发版,但在很多大型网站的生产环境中已经使用。

   Nginx 0.7.x + PHP 5.2.10(FastCGI)搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器 - zhumin9087 - 该页无法显示

   ("engine x") 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器,也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的,它已经在该站点运行超过两年半了。Igor 将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布。

  Nginx 超越 Apache 的高性能和稳定性,使得国内使用 Nginx 作为 Web 服务器的网站也越来越多,其中包括新浪博客、、等门户网站频道,、等视频分享网站,Discuz!官方论坛、等知名论坛,、、、等新兴Web 2.0网站。


  Nginx 的官方中文维基:


  在高并发连接的情况下,Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。Nginx同时也可以作为7层负载均衡服务器来使用。根据我的测试结果,Nginx 0.7.61 + PHP 5.2.10 (FastCGI) 可以承受3万以上的并发连接数,相当于同等环境下Apache的10倍。

  根据我的经验,4GB内存的服务器+Apache(prefork模式)一般只能处理3000个并发连接,因为它们将占用3GB以上的内存,还得为系统预留1GB的内存。我曾经就有两台Apache服务器,因为在配置文件中设置的MaxClients为4000,当Apache并发连接数达到3800时,导致服务器内存和Swap空间用满而崩溃。

  而这台 Nginx 0.7.61 + PHP 5.2.10 (FastCGI) 服务器在3万并发连接下,开启的10个Nginx进程消耗150M内存(15M*10=150M),开启的64个php-cgi进程消耗1280M内存(20M*64=1280M),加上系统自身消耗的内存,总共消耗不到2GB内存。如果服务器内存较小,完全可以只开启25个php-cgi进程,这样php-cgi消耗的总内存数才500M。

  在3万并发连接下,访问Nginx 0.7.61 + PHP 5.2.10 (FastCGI) 服务器的PHP程序,仍然速度飞快。下图为Nginx的状态监控页面,显示的活动连接数为28457(关于Nginx的监控页配置,会在本文接下来所给出的Nginx配置文件中写明):

  Nginx 0.7.x + PHP 5.2.10(FastCGI)搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器 - zhumin9087 - 该页无法显示

  我生产环境下的两台Nginx + PHP5(FastCGI)服务器,跑多个一般复杂的纯PHP动态程序,单台Nginx + PHP5(FastCGI)服务器跑PHP动态程序的处理能力已经超过“700次请求/秒”,相当于每天可以承受6000万(700*60*60*24=60480000)的访问量(更多信息见此),而服务器的系统负载也不高:

  Nginx 0.7.x + PHP 5.2.10(FastCGI)搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器 - zhumin9087 - 该页无法显示


  下面是用100个并发连接分别去压生产环境中同一负载均衡器VIP下、提供相同服务的两台服务器,一台为Nginx,另一台为Apache,Nginx每秒处理的请求数是Apache的两倍多,Nginx服务器的系统负载、CPU使用率远低于Apache:

  你可以将连接数开到10000~30000,去压Nginx和Apache上的phpinfo.php,这是用浏览器访问Nginx上的phpinfo.php一切正常,而访问Apache服务器的phpinfo.php,则是该页无法显示。4G内存的服务器,即使再优化,Apache也很难在“webbench -c 30000 -t 60 ”的压力情况下正常访问,而调整参数优化后的Nginx可以。

  webbench 下载地址:http://blog.s135.com/post/288/

  注意:webbench 做压力测试时,该软件自身也会消耗CPU和内存资源,为了测试准确,请将 webbench 安装在别的服务器上。

  测试结果:##### Nginx + PHP #####

引用

[root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30

Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5

Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.

Benchmarking: GET

100 clients, running 30 sec.

Speed=102450 pages/min, 16490596 bytes/sec.

Requests: 51225 susceed, 0 failed.

top - 14:06:13 up 27 days,  2:25,  2 users,  load average: 14.57, 9.89, 6.51

Tasks: 287 total,   4 running, 283 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie

Cpu(s): 49.9% us,  6.7% sy,  0.0% ni, 41.4% id,  1.1% wa,  0.1% hi,  0.8% si

Mem:   6230016k total,  2959468k used,  3270548k free,   635992k buffers

Swap:  2031608k total,     3696k used,  2027912k free,  1231444k cached

  测试结果:#####  Apache + PHP #####

引用

[root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30

Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5

Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.

Benchmarking: GET

100 clients, running 30 sec.

Speed=42184 pages/min, 31512914 bytes/sec.

Requests: 21092 susceed, 0 failed.

top - 14:06:20 up 27 days,  2:13,  2 users,  load average: 62.15, 26.36, 13.42

Tasks: 318 total,   7 running, 310 sleeping,   0 stopped,   1 zombie

Cpu(s): 80.4% us, 10.6% sy,  0.0% ni,  7.9% id,  0.1% wa,  0.1% hi,  0.9% si

Mem:   6230016k total,  3075948k used,  3154068k free,   379896k buffers

Swap:  2031608k total,    12592k used,  2019016k free,  1117868k cached


  为什么Nginx的性能要比Apache高得多?这得益于Nginx使用了最新的epoll(Linux 2.6内核)和kqueue(freebsd)网络I/O模型,而Apache则使用的是传统的select模型。目前Linux下能够承受高并发访问的Squid、Memcached都采用的是epoll网络I/O模型。

  处理大量的连接的读写,Apache所采用的select网络I/O模型非常低效。下面用一个比喻来解析Apache采用的select模型和Nginx采用的epoll模型进行之间的区别:

  假设你在大学读书,住的宿舍楼有很多间房间,你的朋友要来找你。select版宿管大妈就会带着你的朋友挨个房间去找,直到找到你为止。而epoll版宿管大妈会先记下每位同学的房间号,你的朋友来时,只需告诉你的朋友你住在哪个房间即可,不用亲自带着你的朋友满大楼找人。如果来了10000个人,都要找自己住这栋楼的同学时,select版和epoll版宿管大妈,谁的效率更高,不言自明。同理,在高并发服务器中,轮询I/O是最耗时间的操作之一,select和epoll的性能谁的性能更高,同样十分明了。


  安装步骤:

  (系统要求:Linux 2.6+ 内核,本文中的Linux操作系统为CentOS 5.3,另在RedHat AS4上也安装成功)

  

  ②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS 5

  

  

  ③、RPM包搜索网站

  

  

  ④、RedHat AS4 系统环境,通常情况下缺少的支持包安装:

  Ⅰ、i386 系统

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm

rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm

rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm

rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm

  Ⅱ、x86_64 系统

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm

  3、【适用CentOS、RedHat及其它Linux操作系统】下载程序源码包:

  本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2009年06月26日的最新稳定版。

  ①、从软件的官方网站下载:

mkdir -p /data0/software

cd /data0/software

wget

wget

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.11.diff.gz

wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.35.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.he.net/

wget

wget ""

wget ""

wget

wget ""

wget

wget

wget

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz

wget

  ②、从blog.s135.com下载(比较稳定,只允许在本站,或者在Linux/Unix下通过Wget、Curl等命令下载以下软件):

mkdir -p /data0/software

cd /data0/software

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/nginx-0.7.61.tar.gz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.10.tar.gz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.11.diff.gz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.1.35.tar.gz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-7.9.tar.gz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.2.2.tgz


  二、安装PHP 5.2.10(FastCGI模式)

  1、编译安装PHP 5.2.10所需的支持库:

tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz

cd libiconv-1.13/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/

./configure

make

make install

/sbin/ldconfig

cd libltdl/

./configure --enable-ltdl-install

make

make install

cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz

cd mhash-0.9.9.9/

./configure

make

make install

cd ../

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz

cd mcrypt-2.6.8/

/sbin/ldconfig

./configure

make

make install

cd ../


  2、编译安装MySQL 5.1.35

/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql

/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql

tar zxvf mysql-5.1.35.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.1.35/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=innobase

make && make install

chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql

cd ../


  附:以下为附加步骤,如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库,则执行以下两步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库,能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库,那么,以下两步无需执行。

  ①、创建MySQL数据库存放目录

mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/

chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/

  ②、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表:

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data --user=mysql

  ③、创建my.cnf配置文件:

vi /data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf

  输入以下内容:

引用

[client]

default-character-set = utf8

port    = 3306

socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysql]

prompt="(\u:blog.s135.com:)[\d]> "

no-auto-rehash

[mysqld]

#default-character-set = utf8

user    = mysql

port    = 3306

socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock

basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql

datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data

open_files_limit    = 10240

back_log = 600

max_connections = 3000

max_connect_errors = 6000

table_cache = 614

external-locking = FALSE

max_allowed_packet = 32M

sort_buffer_size = 2M

join_buffer_size = 2M

thread_cache_size = 300

thread_concurrency = 8

query_cache_size = 32M

query_cache_limit = 2M

query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k

default-storage-engine = MyISAM

default_table_type = MyISAM

thread_stack = 192K

transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED

tmp_table_size = 246M

max_heap_table_size = 246M

long_query_time = 1

log_long_format

log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog

binlog_cache_size = 4M

binlog_format = MIXED

max_binlog_cache_size = 8M

max_binlog_size = 512M

expire_logs_days = 7

key_buffer_size = 256M

read_buffer_size = 1M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M

myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G

myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G

myisam_repair_threads = 1

myisam_recover

skip-name-resolve

master-connect-retry = 10

slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396

server-id = 1

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1024M:autoextend

innodb_file_io_threads = 4

innodb_thread_concurrency = 8

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2

innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_log_file_size = 128M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

innodb_file_per_table = 0

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 32M

  ④、创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本:

vi /data0/mysql/3306/mysql

  输入以下内容(这里的用户名admin和密码12345678接下来的步骤会创建):

view plaincopy to clipboardprint?

  1. #!/bin/sh   
  2.   
  3. mysql_port=3306   
  4. mysql_username="admin"  
  5. mysql_password="12345678"  
  6.   
  7. function_start_mysql()   
  8. {   
  9.     printf "Starting MySQL...\n"  
  10.     /bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &   
  11. }   
  12.   
  13. function_stop_mysql()   
  14. {   
  15.     printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"  
  16.     /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown   
  17. }   
  18.   
  19. function_restart_mysql()   
  20. {   
  21.     printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"  
  22.     function_stop_mysql   
  23.     sleep 5   
  24.     function_start_mysql   
  25. }   
  26.   
  27. function_kill_mysql()   
  28. {   
  29.     kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')   
  30.     kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')   
  31. }   
  32.   
  33. if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then   
  34.     function_start_mysql   
  35. elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then   
  36.     function_stop_mysql   
  37. elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then   
  38. function_restart_mysql   
  39. elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then   
  40. function_kill_mysql   
  41. else  
  42.     printf "Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}\n"  
  43. fi  

#!/bin/shmysql_port=3306mysql_username="admin"mysql_password="12345678"function_start_mysql(){    printf "Starting MySQL...\n"    /bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &}function_stop_mysql(){    printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"    /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown}function_restart_mysql(){    printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"    function_stop_mysql    sleep 5    function_start_mysql}function_kill_mysql(){    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')}if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then    function_start_mysqlelif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then    function_stop_mysqlelif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; thenfunction_restart_mysqlelif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; thenfunction_kill_mysqlelse    printf "Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}\n"fi

  ⑤、赋予shell脚本可执行权限:

chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql

  ⑥、启动MySQL:

/data0/mysql/3306/mysql start

  ⑦、通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器(提示输入密码时直接回车):

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock

  ⑧、输入以下SQL语句,创建一个具有root权限的用户(admin)和密码(12345678):

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';

  ⑨、(可选)停止MySQL:

/data0/mysql/3306/mysql stop


  3、编译安装PHP(FastCGI模式)

tar zxvf php-5.2.10.tar.gz

gzip -cd php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.11.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.10 -p1

cd php-5.2.10/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear

make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'

make install

cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

cd ../


  4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块

tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz

cd memcache-2.2.5/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2

cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz

cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz

cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/

./configure

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf imagick-2.2.2.tgz

cd imagick-2.2.2/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

cd ../

  5、修改php.ini文件

  手工修改:查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"

  修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"

  并在此行后增加以下几行,然后保存:

  extension = "memcache.so"

  extension = "pdo_mysql.so"

  extension = "imagick.so"

  再查找output_buffering = Off

  修改为output_buffering = On

  自动修改:若嫌手工修改麻烦,可执行以下shell命令,自动完成对php.ini文件的修改:

sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\nextension = "imagick.so"\n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

  6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP:

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache

vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

  按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾,加上以下配置信息:

引用

[eaccelerator]

zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"

eaccelerator.shm_size="64"

eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"

eaccelerator.enable="1"

eaccelerator.optimizer="1"

eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"

eaccelerator.debug="0"

eaccelerator.filter=""

eaccelerator.shm_max="0"

eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"

eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"

eaccelerator.shm_only="0"

eaccelerator.compress="1"

eaccelerator.compress_level="9"


  7、创建www用户和组,以及供blog.s135.com和两个虚拟主机使用的目录:

/usr/sbin/groupadd www

/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www

mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog

chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog

chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog

mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www

chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www

chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www

  8、创建php-fpm配置文件(php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁,可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi):

  在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件:

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

  输入以下内容(如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试,请将以下的0改为1,以便显示PHP错误信息,否则,Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页):

view plaincopy to clipboardprint?

  1.   
  2.   
  3.   
  4.   All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix   
  5.   
  6.     
  7.   
  8.     Pid file   
  9.     /usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid  
  10.   
  11.     Error log file   
  12.     /usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log  
  13.   
  14.     Log level   
  15.     notice  
  16.   
  17.     When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...   
  18.     10  
  19.   
  20.     ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.   
  21.     Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.   
  22.     1m  
  23.   
  24.     Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master   
  25.     5s  
  26.   
  27.     Set to 'no' to debug fpm   
  28.     yes  
  29.   
  30.     
  31.   
  32.     
  33.   
  34.       
  35.   
  36.       Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.   
  37.       default  
  38.   
  39.       Address to accept fastcgi requests on.   
  40.       Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'   
  41.       127.0.0.1:9000  
  42.   
  43.         
  44.   
  45.         Set listen(2) backlog   
  46.         -1  
  47.   
  48.         Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.   
  49.         In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.   
  50.         Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.   
  51.           
  52.           
  53.         0666  
  54.         
  55.   
  56.       Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.   
  57.         
  58.         /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i  
  59.         1  
  60.         
  61.   
  62.       Unix user of processes   
  63.         www  
  64.   
  65.       Unix group of processes   
  66.         www  
  67.   
  68.       Process manager settings   
  69.         
  70.   
  71.         Sets style of controling worker process count.   
  72.         Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'   
  73.         static  
  74.   
  75.         Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.   
  76.         Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.   
  77.         Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi   
  78.         Used with any pm_style.   
  79.         128  
  80.   
  81.         Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style   
  82.           
  83.   
  84.           Sets the number of server processes created on startup.   
  85.           Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected   
  86.           20  
  87.   
  88.           Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.   
  89.           Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected   
  90.           5  
  91.   
  92.           Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.   
  93.           Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected   
  94.           35  
  95.   
  96.           
  97.   
  98.         
  99.   
  100.       The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated   
  101.       Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason   
  102.       '0s' means 'off'   
  103.       0s  
  104.   
  105.       The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file   
  106.       '0s' means 'off'   
  107.       0s  
  108.   
  109.       The log file for slow requests   
  110.       logs/slow.log  
  111.   
  112.       Set open file desc rlimit   
  113.       51200  
  114.   
  115.       Set max core size rlimit   
  116.       0  
  117.   
  118.       Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path   
  119.         
  120.   
  121.       Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path   
  122.         
  123.   
  124.       Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.   
  125.       If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs   
  126.       yes  
  127.   
  128.       How much requests each process should execute before respawn.   
  129.       Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.   
  130.       For endless request processing please specify 0   
  131.       Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS   
  132.       102400  
  133.   
  134.       Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.   
  135.       Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)   
  136.       Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.   
  137.       127.0.0.1  
  138.   
  139.       Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH   
  140.       All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment   
  141.         
  142.         $HOSTNAME  
  143.         /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin  
  144.         /tmp  
  145.         /tmp  
  146.         /tmp  
  147.         $OSTYPE  
  148.         $MACHTYPE  
  149.         2  
  150.         
  151.   
  152.       
  153.   
  154.     
  155.   
  156.   

  All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix  

    Pid file    /usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid    Error log file    /usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log    Log level    notice    When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...    10    ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.    Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.    1m    Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master    5s    Set to 'no' to debug fpm    yes  
      
      Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.      default      Address to accept fastcgi requests on.      Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'      127.0.0.1:9000              Set listen(2) backlog        -1        Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.        In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.        Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.                        0666            Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.              /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i        1            Unix user of processes        www      Unix group of processes        www      Process manager settings              Sets style of controling worker process count.        Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'        static        Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.        Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.        Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi        Used with any pm_style.        128        Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style                  Sets the number of server processes created on startup.          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected          20          Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected          5          Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected          35                    The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated      Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason      '0s' means 'off'      0s      The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file      '0s' means 'off'      0s      The log file for slow requests      logs/slow.log      Set open file desc rlimit      51200      Set max core size rlimit      0      Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path            Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path            Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.      If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs      yes      How much requests each process should execute before respawn.      Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.      For endless request processing please specify 0      Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS      102400      Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.      Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)      Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.      127.0.0.1      Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH      All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment              $HOSTNAME        /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin        /tmp        /tmp        /tmp        $OSTYPE        $MACHTYPE        2          
  
  9、启动php-cgi进程,监听127.0.0.1的9000端口,进程数为200(如果服务器内存小于3GB,可以只开启64个进程),用户为www:

ulimit -SHn 51200

/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

  注:/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数,包括:start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate,修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi,重新加载配置文件使用reload。


  三、安装Nginx 0.7.61

  1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库:

tar zxvf pcre-7.9.tar.gz

cd pcre-7.9/

./configure

make && make install

cd ../

  2、安装Nginx

tar zxvf nginx-0.7.61.tar.gz

cd nginx-0.7.61/

./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

make && make install

cd ../

  3、创建Nginx日志目录

mkdir -p /data1/logs

chmod +w /data1/logs

chown -R www:www /data1/logs

  4、创建Nginx配置文件

  ①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件:

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

  输入以下内容:

引用

user  www www;

worker_processes 8;

error_log  /data1/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;

pid        /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.

worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events

{

  use epoll;

  worker_connections 51200;

}

http

{

  include       mime.types;

  default_type  application/octet-stream;

  #charset  gb2312;

      

  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

  client_header_buffer_size 32k;

  large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

  client_max_body_size 8m;

      

  sendfile on;

  tcp_nopush     on;

  keepalive_timeout 60;

  tcp_nodelay on;

  fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;

  fastcgi_send_timeout 300;

  fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

  fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;

  fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;

  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;

  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

  gzip on;

  gzip_min_length  1k;

  gzip_buffers     4 16k;

  gzip_http_version 1.0;

  gzip_comp_level 2;

  gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;

  gzip_vary on;

  #limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;

  server

  {

    listen       80;

    server_name  blog.s135.com;

    index index.html index.htm index.php;

    root  /data0/htdocs/blog;

    #limit_conn   crawler  20;    

                            

    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$

    {      

      #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

      fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;

      fastcgi_index index.php;

      include fcgi.conf;

    }

    

    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$

    {

      expires      30d;

    }

    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$

    {

      expires      1h;

    }    

    log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

              '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

              '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';

    access_log  /data1/logs/access.log  access;

      }

  server

  {

    listen       80;

    server_name  

    index index.html index.htm index.php;

    root  /data0/htdocs/www;

    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$

    {      

      #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

      fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;

      fastcgi_index index.php;

      include fcgi.conf;

    }

    log_format  wwwlogs  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

               '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

               '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';

    access_log  /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log  wwwlogs;

  }

  server

  {

    listen  80;

    server_name  status.blog.s135.com;

    location / {

    stub_status on;

    access_log   off;

    }

  }

}

  ②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件:

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

  输入以下内容:

引用

fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;

fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;

fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;

fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;

fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;

fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;

fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect

fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;

  5、启动Nginx

ulimit -SHn 51200

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx


  四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP

vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:

引用

ulimit -SHn 51200

/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx


  五、优化Linux内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:

引用

# Add

net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536

net.core.netdev_max_backlog =  32768

net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608

net.core.rmem_default = 8388608

net.core.rmem_max = 16777216

net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0

net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000

net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30

#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024  65535

  使配置立即生效:

/sbin/sysctl -p


  六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置

  1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后,请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确:

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

  如果屏幕显示以下两行信息,说明配置文件正确:

  the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

  the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

  2、这时,输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号:

ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'

  屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号,例如:

  6302

  这时,执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效:

kill -HUP 6302

  或者无需这么麻烦,找到Nginx的Pid文件:

kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`


  七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本

  1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

  输入以下内容:

引用

#!/bin/bash

# This script run at 00:00

# The Nginx logs path

logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/

mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log

kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

  2、设置crontab,每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志

crontab -e

  输入以下内容:

引用

00 00 * * * /bin/bash  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

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