ora-01843，无效的月份

今天往oracle insert中文日期（16-1月 -13）时报错：ora-01843，无效的月份；
Cause：A date specified an invalid month. Valid months are: January-December, for format code MONTH, and Jan-Dec, for format code MON. 
Action：Enter a valid month value in the correct format. 
处理方法：
1、查看客户端字符集：
SQL> select sysdate from dual;
SYSDATE
------------
25-MAR-13
----说明客户端字符集为英文；

2、查看参数nls_date_language:
SQL> show parameter nls_date_language;
NAME                                     TYPE
------------------------------------ ----------------------
VALUE
------------------------------
nls_date_language                     string
没有设置，是默认值，参看文档：

说明，默认值从NLS_LANGUAGE继承：

SQL> show parameter nls_language;
NAME                                     TYPE
------------------------------------ ----------------------
VALUE
------------------------------
nls_language                             string
AMERICAN

查询该会话该参数的值：
SQL> select * from nls_session_parameters where parameter='NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE';
PARAMETER
------------------------------------------------------------
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE
AMERICAN

3、修改字符集
修改客户端字符集：
E:\>set NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
SQL> select sysdate from dual;
SYSDATE
--------------
25-3？        -13
修改会话字符集：
SQL> alter session set nls_date_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE';
Session altered.
SQL> select * from nls_session_parameters where parameter='NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE';
PARAMETER
------------------------------------------------------------
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE
SIMPLIFIED CHINESE