2.6内核驱动模块动态加载

虚拟机环境：fedora 9 + gcc-4.3.0 + arm-linux-gcc-4.4
目标板cpu：at91sam9g20+linux-2.6.28.10

1. 下载linux-2.6.28.10.tar.gz到/usr/src,并解压；(如果编译的内核模块与目标板的系统版本不一致，则insmod后会提示  invalid format)
2. cd linux-2.6.28.10
    cp arch/arm/configs/at91sam9g20()_deconfigs ./.config
    make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- menuconfig
    make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- zImage
 3.我的模块代码在/home/lgao目录下，代码和Makefile如下：
    
   memdev.h

#ifndef _MEMDEV_H_
#define _MEMDEV_H_

#ifndef MEMDEV_MAJOR
#define MEMDEV_MAJOR 251 /*预设的mem的主设备号*/
#endif

#ifndef MEMDEV_NR_DEVS
#define MEMDEV_NR_DEVS 2 /*设备数*/
#endif

#ifndef MEMDEV_SIZE
#define MEMDEV_SIZE 4096
#endif

/*mem设备描述结构体*/
struct mem_dev
{
  char *data;
  unsigned long size;
};

#endif /* _MEMDEV_H_ */

memdev.c

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/system.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>

#include "memdev.h"

static mem_major = MEMDEV_MAJOR;

module_param(mem_major, int, S_IRUGO);

struct mem_dev *mem_devp; /*设备结构体指针*/

struct cdev cdev;

/*文件打开函数*/
int mem_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
    struct mem_dev *dev;

    /*获取次设备号*/
    int num = MINOR(inode->i_rdev);

    if (num >= MEMDEV_NR_DEVS)
            return -ENODEV;
    dev = &mem_devp[num];

    /*将设备描述结构指针赋值给文件私有数据指针*/
    filp->private_data = dev;

    return 0;
}

/*文件释放函数*/
int mem_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
  return 0;
}

/*读函数*/
static ssize_t mem_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
  unsigned long p = *ppos;
  unsigned int count = size;
  int ret = 0;
  struct mem_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /*获得设备结构体指针*/

  /*判断读位置是否有效*/
  if (p >= MEMDEV_SIZE)
    return 0;
  if (count > MEMDEV_SIZE - p)
    count = MEMDEV_SIZE - p;

  /*读数据到用户空间*/
  if (copy_to_user(buf, (void*)(dev->data + p), count))
  {
    ret = - EFAULT;
  }
  else
  {
    *ppos += count;
    ret = count;

    printk(KERN_INFO "read %d bytes(s) from %d\n", count, p);
  }

  return ret;
}

/*写函数*/
static ssize_t mem_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
  unsigned long p = *ppos;
  unsigned int count = size;
  int ret = 0;
  struct mem_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /*获得设备结构体指针*/

  /*分析和获取有效的写长度*/
  if (p >= MEMDEV_SIZE)
    return 0;
  if (count > MEMDEV_SIZE - p)
    count = MEMDEV_SIZE - p;

  /*从用户空间写入数据*/
  if (copy_from_user(dev->data + p, buf, count))
    ret = - EFAULT;
  else
  {
    *ppos += count;
    ret = count;

    printk(KERN_INFO "written %d bytes(s) from %d\n", count, p);
  }

  return ret;
}

/* seek文件定位函数 */
static loff_t mem_llseek(struct file *filp, loff_t offset, int whence)
{
    loff_t newpos;

    switch(whence) {
      case 0: /* SEEK_SET */
        newpos = offset;
        break;

      case 1: /* SEEK_CUR */
        newpos = filp->f_pos + offset;
        break;

      case 2: /* SEEK_END */
        newpos = MEMDEV_SIZE -1 + offset;
        break;

      default: /* can't happen */
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    if ((newpos<0) || (newpos>MEMDEV_SIZE))
        return -EINVAL;

    filp->f_pos = newpos;
    return newpos;

}

/*文件操作结构体*/
static const struct file_operations mem_fops =
{
  .owner = THIS_MODULE,
  .llseek = mem_llseek,
  .read = mem_read,
  .write = mem_write,
  .open = mem_open,
  .release = mem_release,
};

/*设备驱动模块加载函数*/
static int memdev_init(void)
{
  int result;
  int i;

  dev_t devno = MKDEV(mem_major, 0);

  /* 静态申请设备号*/
  if (mem_major)
    result = register_chrdev_region(devno, 2, "memdev");
  else /* 动态分配设备号 */
  {
    result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 2, "memdev");
    mem_major = MAJOR(devno);
  }

  if (result < 0)
    return result;

  /*初始化cdev结构*/
  cdev_init(&cdev, &mem_fops);
  cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
  cdev.ops = &mem_fops;

  /* 注册字符设备 */
  cdev_add(&cdev, MKDEV(mem_major, 0), MEMDEV_NR_DEVS);

  /* 为设备描述结构分配内存*/
  mem_devp = kmalloc(MEMDEV_NR_DEVS * sizeof(struct mem_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
  if (!mem_devp) /*申请失败*/
  {
    result = - ENOMEM;
    goto fail_malloc;
  }
  memset(mem_devp, 0, sizeof(struct mem_dev));

  /*为设备分配内存*/
  for (i=0; i < MEMDEV_NR_DEVS; i++)
  {
        mem_devp[i].size = MEMDEV_SIZE;
        mem_devp[i].data = kmalloc(MEMDEV_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
        memset(mem_devp[i].data, 0, MEMDEV_SIZE);
  }

  return 0;

  fail_malloc:
  unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);

  return result;
}

/*模块卸载函数*/
static void memdev_exit(void)
{
  cdev_del(&cdev); /*注销设备*/
  kfree(mem_devp); /*释放设备结构体内存*/
  unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(mem_major, 0), 2); /*释放设备号*/
}

MODULE_AUTHOR("David Xie");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

module_init(memdev_init);
module_exit(memdev_exit);

     makefile

CROSS_COMPILE:= arm-linux-
ARCH:= arm
CC:= $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc
LD:= $(CROSS_COMPILE)ld
obj-m := memdev.o
KERNELDIR := /usr/src/linux-2.6.28.10
PWD := $(shell pwd)

modules:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules

modules_install:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install

clean:
rm -f *.o
rm -f *.symvers
rm -f *.order
rm -f *.ko
rm -f *.mod.c

测试程序app-mem.c

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    FILE *fp0 = NULL;
    char Buf[4096];

    /*初始化Buf*/
    strcpy(Buf,"Mem is char dev!");
    printf("BUF: %s\n",Buf);

    /*打开设备文件*/
    fp0 = fopen("/dev/memdev0","r+");
    if (fp0 == NULL)
    {
        printf("Open Memdev0 Error!\n");
        return -1;
    }

    /*写入设备*/
    fwrite(Buf, sizeof(Buf), 1, fp0);

    /*重新定位文件位置（思考没有该指令，会有何后果)*/
    fseek(fp0,0,SEEK_SET);

    /*清除Buf*/
    strcpy(Buf,"Buf is NULL!");
    printf("BUF: %s\n",Buf);


    /*读出设备*/
    fread(Buf, sizeof(Buf), 1, fp0);

    /*检测结果*/
    printf("BUF: %s\n",Buf);

    return 0;

}

4.make ARCH=arm 生成memdev.ko模块
5.arm-linux-gcc -w -o app-mem app-mem.c 生成测试程序
6.上传到目标板  
    insmod memdev.ko
    如果不报错  ，lsmod查看此模块，并且./app-mem测试此模块；