栈的定义与实现

1>定义：

栈是一种特殊的线性表；栈仅能在线性表的一段进行操作；

栈顶（Top）：允许操作的一端

栈底（Bottom）：不允许操作的一端

2>性质：后进先出

栈的常用操作有：创建栈，销毁栈，清空栈，进栈，出栈，获取栈顶元素，获取栈的大小

3>栈的顺序存储实现

/*SeqList.h*/
/************************************************************/
#ifndef _SEQLIST_H_
#define _SEQLIST_H_

typedef void SeqList;
typedef void SeqListNode;

SeqList* SeqList_Create(int capacity);

void SeqList_Destroy(SeqList* list);

void SeqList_Clear(SeqList* list);

int SeqList_Length(SeqList* list);

int SeqList_Capacity(SeqList* list);

int SeqList_Insert(SeqList* list, SeqListNode* node, int pos);

SeqListNode* SeqList_Get(SeqList* list, int pos);

SeqListNode* SeqList_Delete(SeqList* list, int pos);

#endif

/*SeqList.c*/
/**************************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include "SeqList.h"

typedef unsigned int TSeqListNode;

typedef struct _tag_SeqList
{
    int capacity;
    int length;
    TSeqListNode* node;
} TSeqList;

SeqList* SeqList_Create(int capacity) // O(1)
{
    TSeqList* ret = NULL;

    if( capacity >= 0 )
    {
        ret = (TSeqList*)malloc(sizeof(TSeqList) + sizeof(TSeqListNode) * capacity);
    }

    if( ret != NULL )
    {
        ret->capacity = capacity;
        ret->length = 0;
        ret->node = (TSeqListNode*)(ret + 1);
    }

    return ret;
}

void SeqList_Destroy(SeqList* list) // O(1)
{
    free(list);
}

void SeqList_Clear(SeqList* list) // O(1)
{
    TSeqList* sList = (TSeqList*)list;

    if( sList != NULL )
    {
        sList->length = 0;
    }
}

int SeqList_Length(SeqList* list) // O(1)
{
    TSeqList* sList = (TSeqList*)list;
    int ret = -1;

    if( sList != NULL )
    {
        ret = sList->length;
    }

    return ret;
}

int SeqList_Capacity(SeqList* list) // O(1)
{
    TSeqList* sList = (TSeqList*)list;
    int ret = -1;

    if( sList != NULL )
    {
        ret = sList->capacity;
    }

    return ret;
}

int SeqList_Insert(SeqList* list, SeqListNode* node, int pos) // O(n)
{
    TSeqList* sList = (TSeqList*)list;
    int ret = (sList != NULL);
    int i = 0;

    ret = ret && (sList->length + 1 <= sList->capacity);
    ret = ret && (0 <= pos);

    if( ret )
    {
        if( pos >= sList->length )
        {
            pos = sList->length;
        }

        for(i=sList->length; i>pos; i--)
        {
            sList->node[i] = sList->node[i-1];
        }

        sList->node[i] = (TSeqListNode)node;

        sList->length++;
    }

    return ret;
}

SeqListNode* SeqList_Get(SeqList* list, int pos) // O(1)
{
    TSeqList* sList = (TSeqList*)list;
    SeqListNode* ret = NULL;

    if( (sList != NULL) && (0 <= pos) && (pos < sList->length) )
    {
        ret = (SeqListNode*)(sList->node[pos]);
    }

    return ret;
}

SeqListNode* SeqList_Delete(SeqList* list, int pos) // O(n)
{
    TSeqList* sList = (TSeqList*)list;
    SeqListNode* ret = SeqList_Get(list, pos);
    int i = 0;

    if( ret != NULL )
    {
        for(i=pos+1; i<sList->length; i++)
        {
            sList->node[i-1] = sList->node[i];
        }

        sList->length--;
    }

    return ret;
}

/*SeqStack.h*/
/**********************************************************/

#ifndef _SEQSTACK_H_
#define    _SEQSTACK_H_

typedef void SeqStack;

SeqStack* SeqStack_Create(int capacity);

void SeqStack_Destroy(SeqStack* stack);

void SeqStack_Clear(SeqStack* stack);

int SeqStack_Push(SeqStack* stack, void* item);

void *SeqStack_Pop(SeqStack* stack);

void *SeqStack_Top(SeqStack* stack);

int SeqStack_Length(SeqStack* stack);

int SeqStack_Capacity(SeqStack* stack);

#endif

/*SeqStack.c*/
**************************************************************************

#include <stdio.h>
#include "SeqStack.h"
#include "SeqList.h"

SeqStack* SeqStack_Create(int capacity)
{
    return SeqList_Create(capacity);
}

void SeqStack_Destroy(SeqStack* stack)
{
    SeqList_Destroy(stack);
}

void SeqStack_Clear(SeqStack* stack)
{
    SeqList_Clear(stack);
}

int SeqStack_Push(SeqStack* stack, void* item)
{
    return SeqList_Insert(stack,item,SeqList_Length(stack));
}

void *SeqStack_Pop(SeqStack* stack)
{
    return SeqList_Delete(stack,SeqList_Length(stack)-1);
}

void *SeqStack_Top(SeqStack* stack)
{
    return SeqList_Get(stack,SeqList_Length(stack)-1);
}

int SeqStack_Length(SeqStack* stack)
{
    return SeqList_Length(stack);
}

int SeqStack_Capacity(SeqStack* stack)
{
    return SeqList_Capacity(stack);
}

4>栈的链表实现方式（代码复用的思想）

/**********************LinkList.h******************************/

#ifndef _LINKLIST_H_
#define _LINKLIST_H_

typedef void LinkList;
typedef struct _tag_LinkListNode LinkListNode;
struct _tag_LinkListNode
{
    LinkListNode* next;
};

LinkList* LinkList_Create();

void LinkList_Destroy(LinkList* list);

void LinkList_Clear(LinkList* list);

int LinkList_Length(LinkList* list);

int LinkList_Insert(LinkList* list, LinkListNode* node, int pos);

LinkListNode* LinkList_Get(LinkList* list, int pos);

LinkListNode* LinkList_Delete(LinkList* list, int pos);

#endif

/*********************LinkList.c***************************/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include "LinkList.h"

typedef struct _tag_LinkList
{
    LinkListNode header;
    int length;
} TLinkList;

LinkList* LinkList_Create() // O(1)
{
    TLinkList* ret = (TLinkList*)malloc(sizeof(TLinkList));

    if( ret != NULL )
    {
        ret->length = 0;
        ret->header.next = NULL;
    }

    return ret;
}

void LinkList_Destroy(LinkList* list) // O(1)
{
    free(list);
}

void LinkList_Clear(LinkList* list) // O(1)
{
    TLinkList* sList = (TLinkList*)list;

    if( sList != NULL )
    {
        sList->length = 0;
        sList->header.next = NULL;
    }
}

int LinkList_Length(LinkList* list) // O(1)
{
    TLinkList* sList = (TLinkList*)list;
    int ret = -1;

    if( sList != NULL )
    {
        ret = sList->length;
    }

    return ret;
}

int LinkList_Insert(LinkList* list, LinkListNode* node, int pos) // O(n)
{
    TLinkList* sList = (TLinkList*)list;
    int ret = (sList != NULL) && (pos >= 0) && (node != NULL);
    int i = 0;

    if( ret )
    {
        LinkListNode* current = (LinkListNode*)sList;

        for(i=0; (i<pos) && (current->next != NULL); i++)
        {
            current = current->next;
        }

        node->next = current->next;
        current->next = node;

        sList->length++;
    }

    return ret;
}

LinkListNode* LinkList_Get(LinkList* list, int pos) // O(n)
{
    TLinkList* sList = (TLinkList*)list;
    LinkListNode* ret = NULL;
    int i = 0;

    if( (sList != NULL) && (0 <= pos) && (pos < sList->length) )
    {
        LinkListNode* current = (LinkListNode*)sList;

        for(i=0; i<pos; i++)
        {
            current = current->next;
        }

        ret = current->next;
    }

    return ret;
}

LinkListNode* LinkList_Delete(LinkList* list, int pos) // O(n)
{
    TLinkList* sList = (TLinkList*)list;
    LinkListNode* ret = NULL;
    int i = 0;

    if( (sList != NULL) && (0 <= pos) && (pos < sList->length) )
    {
        LinkListNode* current = (LinkListNode*)sList;

        for(i=0; i<pos; i++)
        {
            current = current->next;
        }

        ret = current->next;
        current->next = ret->next;

        sList->length--;
    }

    return ret;
}


/*LinkStack.h*/
/**************************************************************/
#ifndef _LINKSTACK_H_
#define    _LINKSTACK_H_

typedef void LinkStack;

LinkStack* LinkStack_Create();

void LinkStack_Destroy(LinkStack* stack);

void LinkStack_Clear(LinkStack* stack);

int LinkStack_Push(LinkStack* stack, void* item);

void *LinkStack_Pop(LinkStack* stack);

void *LinkStack_Top(LinkStack* stack);

int LinkStack_Size(LinkStack* stack);

#endif

/*LinkStack.c*/
/*************************************************************/
#include <malloc.h>
#include "LinkList.h"
#include "LinkStack.h"

typedef struct _tag_LinkStackNode
{
    LinkListNode header;
    void* item;
}TLinkStackNode;

LinkStack* LinkStack_Create()
{
    return LinkList_Create();
}

void LinkStack_Destroy(LinkStack* stack)
{

}

void LinkStack_Clear(LinkStack* stack)
{

}

int LinkStack_Push(LinkStack* stack, void* item)
{
    TLinkStackNode* node = (TLinkStackNode*)malloc(sizeof(TLinkStackNode));
    int ret = (node != NULL) && (item != NULL);

    if( ret )
    {
        node->item = item;

        ret = LinkList_Insert(stack,(LinkListNode*)node,0);
    }

    if( !ret )
    {
        free(node);

    }

    return ret;
}

void *LinkStack_Pop(LinkStack* stack)
{
    TLinkStackNode* node = (TLinkStackNode*)LinkList_Delete(stack, 0);
    void* ret = NULL;

    if( node != NULL)
    {
        ret = node->item;

        free(node);
    }

    return ret;
}

void *LinkStack_Top(LinkStack* stack)
{
    TLinkStackNode* node = (TLinkStackNode*)LinkList_Get(stack, 0);
    void* ret = NULL;

    if( node != NULL)
    {
        ret = node->item;

    }

    return ret;

}

int LinkStack_Size(LinkStack* stack)
{
    return LinkList_Length(stack);
}