自上而下：
shutdown：
nomount：读取初始化参数，并且分配物理内存，通过初始化参
数定位到control file，后台进程启动，写alter文
件，如果alter文件不存在将创建它
SQL> startup
nomount
ORACLE 例
程已经启动。
Total System Global Area 167772160
bytes
Fixed Size 1247900 bytes
Variable
Size 83887460 bytes
Database Buffers 79691776
bytes
Redo Buffers 2945024 bytes
altert文件中内容：
Fri Dec 28 11:34:06 2007
Starting
ORACLE instance (normal)
LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0
LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING
= 0
Picked latch-free SCN scheme 2
Using LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10
parameter default value as USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Autotune of undo
retention is turned on.
IMODE=BR
ILAT =18
LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0
SYS
auditing is disabled
ksdpec: called for event 13740 prior to event
group initialization
Starting up ORACLE RDBMS Version: 10.2.0.1.0.
System
parameters with non-default values:
processes = 150
__shared_pool_size
= 75497472
__large_pool_size = 4194304
__java_pool_size
= 4194304
__streams_pool_size = 0
spfile =
E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\DB_2\DBS\SPFILEORCL.ORA
sga_target
= 167772160
control_files =
E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\CONTROL01.CTL,
E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\CONTROL02.CTL,
E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\CONTROL03.CTL
db_block_size
= 8192
__db_cache_size = 79691776
compatible
= 10.2.0.1.0
db_file_multiblock_read_count= 16
db_recovery_file_dest
= E:\oracle\product\10.2.0/flash_recovery_area
db_recovery_file_dest_size=
2147483648
undo_management = AUTO
undo_tablespace
= UNDOTBS1
remote_login_passwordfile= EXCLUSIVE
db_domain
=
dispatchers = (PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)
job_queue_processes
= 10
audit_file_dest =
E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ADMIN\ORCL\ADUMP
background_dump_dest =
E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ADMIN\ORCL\BDUMP
user_dump_dest =
E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ADMIN\ORCL\UDUMP
core_dump_dest =
E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ADMIN\ORCL\CDUMP
db_name =
orcl
open_cursors = 300
pga_aggregate_target =
16777216
PMON started with pid=2, OS id=3280
PSP0 started with
pid=3, OS id=2972
MMAN started with pid=4, OS id=2280
DBW0 started
with pid=5, OS id=828
LGWR started with pid=6, OS id=1936
CKPT
started with pid=7, OS id=3844
SMON started with pid=8, OS id=596
RECO
started with pid=9, OS id=3252
CJQ0 started with pid=10, OS id=1932
MMON
started with pid=11, OS id=3788
Fri Dec 28 11:34:17 2007
starting
up 1 dispatcher(s) for network address
'(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'...
MMNL started with pid=12,
OS id=928
Fri Dec 28 11:34:17 2007
starting up 1 shared server(s)
...
在nomount状态：
可以访问到实例
SQL> select *
from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NUMBER
INSTANCE_NAME HOST_NAME
---------------
-------------------------------- -------------------------------
1 orcl ORACLE10G
可以访问到后台进程
select * from
v$bgprocess;
可以访问到内存结构
SQL> select
* from v$sga;
NAME
VALUE
---------------------------------------- ----------
Fixed
Size 1247900
Variable
Size 83887460
Database
Buffers 79691776
Redo
Buffers 2945024
但不可以访问database结构
SQL> select
* from v$database;
select * from v$database
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-01507:
??????
mount：读并打开控制文件，并确认到database的结构信息
SQL> alter
database mount
2 /
数据库已更改。
SQL> select
* from v$database;
DBID NAME CREATED
RESETLOGS_CHANGE# RESETLOGS_TIME PRIOR_RESETLOGS_CHANGE# PRIOR_RESE
----------
--------- -------------- ----------------- --------------
1170053590
ORCL 25-12? -07 534907 25-12?
-07 1 30-8? -05 ARCHIVELOG
可以找到有什么样的表空间
SQL> select *
from v$tablespace;
TS#
NAME INC BIG FLA ENC
----------
------------------------------ --- --- --- ---
0
SYSTEM YES NO YES
1
UNDOTBS1 YES NO YES
2
SYSAUX YES NO YES
4
USERS YES NO YES
3
TEMP NO NO YES
6
EXAMPLE YES NO YES
已选择6行。
有什么样的数据文件组成：
SQL> select *
from v$datafile
2 /
FILE# CREATION_CHANGE#
CREATION_TIME TS# RFILE# STATUS ENABLED
CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# CHECK
------- ---------------- --------------
---------- ---------- ------- ---------- ----------------
1 9 30-8? -05 0 1 SYSTEM READ
WRITE 777989 28-12? -07
2 532340
30-8? -05 1 2 ONLINE READ WRITE 777989
28-12? -07
3 6100 30-8? -05
2 3 ONLINE READ WRITE 777989 28-12? -07
4 9769 30-8? -05 4 4 ONLINE READ
WRITE 777989 28-12? -07
5 559801
25-12? -07 6 5 ONLINE READ WRITE
777989 28-12? -07
有什么样的日志文件组
成：
SQL> select
* from v$logfile;
行将被截断
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER
----------
------- -------
----------------------------------------------------------
3 ONLINE E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO03.LOG
2 ONLINE E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO02.LOG
1 ONLINE E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO01.LOG
在这个状态用户表还不能打开
open：所有文件被打开，并确认database状态
SQL> alter
database open;
数据库已更改。
