提供访问控制对于一个设备节点来的可靠性来说有时是至关重要的。这部分的内容只是在open和release方法上做些修改,增加一些检查机制既可。
独享设备
最生硬的访问控制方式是只允许一个设备一次被一个进程打开(独享),这是一个设备驱动最简单的访问控制。实现十分简单,具体的代码看实验源码吧!
模块程序链接:scullsingle.tar.gz
模块测试程序链接:scullsingle-test.tar.gz
ARM9实验板的实验现象是:
[Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#cd /lib/modules/ [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#insmod scullsingle.ko [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#cat /proc/devices Character devices: 1 mem 2 pty 3 ttyp 4 /dev/vc/0 4 tty 4 ttyS 5 /dev/tty 5 /dev/console 5 /dev/ptmx 7 vcs 10 misc 13 input 14 sound 81 video4linux 89 i2c 90 mtd 116 alsa 128 ptm 136 pts 180 usb 189 usb_device 204 s3c2410_serial 252 scullsingle 253 usb_endpoint 254 rtc
Block devices: 1 ramdisk 256 rfd 7 loop 31 mtdblock 93 nftl 96 inftl 179 mmc [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#mknod -m 666 scullsingle c 252 0 [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#cd /tmp/ [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#./scullsingle-test & [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#open scullsingle is file=3 [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#echo 12345 > /dev/scullsingle -sh: cannot create /dev/scullsingle: Device or resource busy [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#cat /dev/scullsingle cat: can't open '/dev/scullsingle |
单用户访问
open 调用在第一次打开记住了设备拥有者,此用户可多次打开设备,并协调多个进程对设备并发操作。同时,没有其他用户可打开它,避免了外部干扰。这个模块我是利用completion模块改的,这要既可以实现功能,也方便测试。
模块程序链接:completion-singleUID.tar.gz
模块测试程序链接:completion-singleUID-test.tar.gz
ARM9实验板的实验现象是:
[Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#insmod /lib/modules/singleUID.ko[Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#cat /proc/devices Character devices: 1 mem 2 pty 3 ttyp 4 /dev/vc/0 4 tty 4 ttyS 5 /dev/tty 5 /dev/console 5 /dev/ptmx 7 vcs 10 misc 13 input 14 sound 81 video4linux 89 i2c 90 mtd 116 alsa 128 ptm 136 pts 180 usb 189 usb_device 204 s3c2410_serial 252 singleUID 253 usb_endpoint 254 rtc
Block devices: 1 ramdisk 256 rfd 7 loop 31 mtdblock 93 nftl 96 inftl 179 mmc [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#mknod -m 666 /dev/singleUID c 252 0 [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#/tmp/singleUID_testr& [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#login tekkaman Password: Set search library path int /etc/profile Set user path in /etc/profile runing /etc/profile ok [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#/tmp/singleUID_testw open singleUID code=-1 [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#/tmp/singleUID_testr open singleUID code=-1 [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#exit [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#/tmp/singleUID_testw write code=0 [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#read code=0
[1] + Done /tmp/singleUID_testr |
阻塞型单用户访问
模块程序链接:completion-singleUIDnb.tar.gz
模块测试程序链接:completion-singleUIDnb-test.tar.gz
ARM9实验板的实验现象是:
[Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#insmod /lib/modules/singleUIDnb.ko [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#cat /proc/devices Character devices: 1 mem 2 pty 3 ttyp 4 /dev/vc/0 4 tty 4 ttyS 5 /dev/tty 5 /dev/console 5 /dev/ptmx 7 vcs 10 misc 13 input 14 sound 81 video4linux 89 i2c 90 mtd 116 alsa 128 ptm 136 pts 180 usb 189 usb_device 204 s3c2410_serial 252 singleUIDnb 253 usb_endpoint 254 rtc
Block devices: 1 ramdisk 256 rfd 7 loop 31 mtdblock 93 nftl 96 inftl 179 mmc [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#mknod -m 666 /dev/singleUIDnb c 252 0 [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#/tmp/singleUID_testrnb& [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#login tekkaman Password: Set search library path int /etc/profile Set user path in /etc/profile runing /etc/profile ok [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#/tmp/singleUID_testrnb & [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#/tmp/singleUID_testwnb & [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#exit [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#ps PID Uid VSZ Stat Command 1 root 1744 S init 2 root SW< [kthreadd] 3 root SWN [ksoftirqd/0] 4 root SW< [watchdog/0] 5 root SW< [events/0] 6 root SW< [khelper] 59 root SW< [kblockd/0] 60 root SW< [ksuspend_usbd] 63 root SW< [khubd] 65 root SW< [kseriod] 77 root SW [pdflush] 78 root SW [pdflush] 79 root SW< [kswapd0] 80 root SW< [aio/0] 707 root SW< [mtdblockd] 708 root SW< [nftld] 709 root SW< [inftld] 710 root SW< [rfdd] 742 root SW< [kpsmoused] 751 root SW< [kmmcd] 769 root SW< [rpciod/0] 778 root 1752 S -sh 779 root 1744 S init 781 root 1744 S init 782 root 1744 S init 783 root 1744 S init 814 root 1336 D /tmp/singleUID_testrnb 816 tekkaman 1336 S /tmp/singleUID_testrnb 817 tekkaman 1336 S /tmp/singleUID_testwnb 818 root 1744 R ps [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#/tmp/singleUID_testwnb& [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#read code=0 write code=0 write code=0 read code=0
[2] + Done /tmp/singleUID_testwnb [1] + Done /tmp/singleUID_testrnb [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#ps PID Uid VSZ Stat Command 1 root 1744 S init 2 root SW< [kthreadd] 3 root SWN [ksoftirqd/0] 4 root SW< [watchdog/0] 5 root SW< [events/0] 6 root SW< [khelper] 59 root SW< [kblockd/0] 60 root SW< [ksuspend_usbd] 63 root SW< [khubd] 65 root SW< [kseriod] 77 root SW [pdflush] 78 root SW [pdflush] 79 root SW< [kswapd0] 80 root SW< [aio/0] 707 root SW< [mtdblockd] 708 root SW< [nftld] 709 root SW< [inftld] 710 root SW< [rfdd] 742 root SW< [kpsmoused] 751 root SW< [kmmcd] 769 root SW< [rpciod/0] 778 root 1752 S -sh 779 root 1744 S init 781 root 1744 S init 782 root 1744 S init 783 root 1744 S init 820 root 1744 R ps |
在 open 时复制设备
访问控制的另一个技术是根据打开条件创建不同的设备私有副本。这只有当设备没有绑定到一个硬件实体时才有可能。 /dev/tty
的内部使用类似的技术来给它的进程一个不同的 /dev
入口点所呈现的“景象”。这类访问控制较少见,但这个实现可说明内核代码可以轻松改变应用程序的运行环境,类似windows中的虚拟机概念。
我将书中的例子作了修改,实现了不同的用户使用scull的不同私有副本,这样方便了在ARM9实验板上做测试。
这个实验源码需要一定的linux 链表的知识(在第十一章),下一篇会介绍。
[Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#cd /lib/modules/ [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#insmod scullcloned.ko [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#cat /proc/devices Character devices: 1 mem 2 pty 3 ttyp 4 /dev/vc/0 4 tty 4 ttyS 5 /dev/tty 5 /dev/console 5 /dev/ptmx 7 vcs 10 misc 13 input 14 sound 81 video4linux 89 i2c 90 mtd 116 alsa 128 ptm 136 pts 180 usb 189 usb_device 204 s3c2410_serial 252 scullcloned 253 usb_endpoint 254 rtc
Block devices: 1 ramdisk 256 rfd 7 loop 31 mtdblock 93 nftl 96 inftl 179 mmc [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#mknod -m 666 scullcloned c 252 0 [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#echo root > /dev/scullcloned [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#cat /dev/scullcloned root [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#login tekkaman Password: Set search library path int /etc/profile Set user path in /etc/profile runing /etc/profile ok [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#cat /dev/scullcloned [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#echo tekkaman >/dev/scullcloned [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#cat /dev/scullcloned tekkaman [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#exit [Tekkaman2440@SBC2440V4]#cat /dev/scullcloned root |
《Linux设备驱动程序(第3版)》第六章高级字符驱动程序操作的学习终于结束了,内容比较多,碰到的问题也多。但是在解决问题的过程中可以学到很多的知识,所以有了问题不要马上问别人,试着自己看源码来发现问题,不仅记得牢,也学得多。
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