分类: C/C++
2013-06-06 11:14:24
(一)信号量
(二)互斥量
(一)信号量
信号量是一个特殊类型的变量,可对其进行增加或者减少操作,对其的操作是原子操作。
信号量一般分二进制信号量和计数信号量。二进制信号量其实就是计数信号量的一个特例。
信号量可以对某一段代码进行保护,允许同一时刻最多指定个线程使用。而其二进制信号量和互斥量可以说是一样的。
信号量操作函数:
#include
Int sem_init(sem_t *sem,int pshared,unsigned int value);
Int sem_wait(sem_t *sem);
int sem_trywait(sem_t *sem);
Int sem_post(sem_t *sem);
Int sem_destroy(sem_t *sem);
Sem_init:创建信号量并初始化其值。第一个参数为信号量对象,第二个参数表示是否允许其他进程共享该信号量,目前只能用0,第三个参数是信号量的值。
Sem_wait:以原子操作方式将信号量加一。
sem_trywait:以原子操作方式尝试将信号量加一。
Sem_post:以原子操作方式将信号量减一。
Sem_destroy:清理信号量所拥有的资源。
(二)互斥量
互斥量也是一特殊类型的变量,它如同一把锁,它允许开发人员锁住某个对象,使其在同一时刻只有一个线程可以访问之。
互斥量操作函数:
#include
Int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *mutex,const pthread_mutexattr_t *nutexattr);
Int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
Int pthread_mutex_trylock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
Int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
Int pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
pthread_mutex_init:创建互斥量,并设置互斥量的属性,NULL即可。
pthread_mutex_lock:以原子操作方式给互斥量上锁。
pthread_mutex_trylock:以原子操作方式尝试给互斥量加锁
pthread_mutex_unlock:以原子操作方式给互斥量解锁。
pthread_mutex_destroy:清除互斥量。
代码示例:
(一)信号量
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
void *thread_function(void *arg);
sem_t bin_sem;
#define WORK_SIZE 1024
char work_area[WORK_SIZE];
int main() {
int res;
pthread_t a_thread;
void *thread_result;
res = sem_init(&bin_sem, 0, 0);
if (res != 0) {
perror("Semaphore initialization failed");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
res = pthread_create(&a_thread, NULL, thread_function, NULL);
if (res != 0) {
perror("Thread creation failed");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("Input some text. Enter 'end' to finish\n");
while(strncmp("end", work_area, 3) != 0) {
fgets(work_area, WORK_SIZE, stdin);
sem_post(&bin_sem);
}
printf("\nWaiting for thread to finish...\n");
res = pthread_join(a_thread, &thread_result);
if (res != 0) {
perror("Thread join failed");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("Thread joined\n");
sem_destroy(&bin_sem);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
void *thread_function(void *arg) {
sem_wait(&bin_sem);
while(strncmp("end", work_area, 3) != 0) {
printf("You input %d characters\n", strlen(work_area) -1);
sem_wait(&bin_sem);
}
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
运行结果:
(二)互斥量
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
void *thread_function(void *arg);
pthread_mutex_t work_mutex; /* protects both work_area and time_to_exit */
#define WORK_SIZE 1024
char work_area[WORK_SIZE];
int time_to_exit = 0;
int main() {
int res;
pthread_t a_thread;
void *thread_result;
res = pthread_mutex_init(&work_mutex, NULL);
if (res != 0) {
perror("Mutex initialization failed");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
res = pthread_create(&a_thread, NULL, thread_function, NULL);
if (res != 0) {
perror("Thread creation failed");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
pthread_mutex_lock(&work_mutex);
printf("Input some text. Enter 'end' to finish\n");
while(!time_to_exit) {
fgets(work_area, WORK_SIZE, stdin);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&work_mutex);
while(1) {
pthread_mutex_lock(&work_mutex);
if (work_area[0] != '\0') {
pthread_mutex_unlock(&work_mutex);
sleep(1);
}
else {
break;
}
}
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&work_mutex);
printf("\nWaiting for thread to finish...\n");
res = pthread_join(a_thread, &thread_result);
if (res != 0) {
perror("Thread join failed");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("Thread joined\n");
pthread_mutex_destroy(&work_mutex);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
void *thread_function(void *arg) {
sleep(1);
pthread_mutex_lock(&work_mutex);
while(strncmp("end", work_area, 3) != 0) {
printf("You input %d characters\n", strlen(work_area) -1);
work_area[0] = '\0';
pthread_mutex_unlock(&work_mutex);
sleep(1);
pthread_mutex_lock(&work_mutex);
while (work_area[0] == '\0' ) {
pthread_mutex_unlock(&work_mutex);
sleep(1);
pthread_mutex_lock(&work_mutex);
}
}
time_to_exit = 1;
work_area[0] = '\0';
pthread_mutex_unlock(&work_mutex);
pthread_exit(0);
}
运行结果: