February 19,, taichung city heping district peace elementary school and was invited to sing of aboriginal students hear political figure on the stage with his familiar accents and thayan lands language greeting. But this is not the election campaigning, leading role is not the local needs for votes people generation or XianShiChang, but from Beijing-guo jinlong.
This is a donation ceremony, Beijing mayor to seven aboriginal village guo jinlong donation 9 bus, for children to go to school, the old man of the medical use. The move is native to Taiwan by "legislators" high JinSuMei. Previously, from high JinSuMei led the Taiwan aboriginals in Beijing the Olympic opening ceremony on stage, showing the central government's appeal. In 2009, President hu jintao in "), the g "after the storm have personally meet with high JinSuMei delegation led.
In Beijing the kind of one of Taiwan aboriginals group will collectively referred to as "GaoShanZu," and, as "the Chinese nation" 56 of the national is one of about 1.6% in Taiwan, nearly four hundred thousand "minority", has been the Taiwan authorities identified as 14 ethnic groups.
According to the national recognition, period
Taiwan indigenous people in the qing dynasty, the mountain is known as the "ShengFan", the plain area is called "practice" ".
After the war, the Taiwan was ceded to Japan. According to time, early, the Japanese in the ground crackdown on the resistance of the han people, the "sweet" is taken huairou policy, will be separated by the aboriginal and the han people, blockade aboriginal inhabit a region, set the aboriginal reservation, limit the han nationality people and indigenous people contacts.
Although the qing dynasty in the house while across Taiwan also have special chapter of the aboriginal monarch, from the modern sense, these records very complete and accurate. Therefore, the Japanese government has launched a series of mountain investigations. Japan's "minority" policy, that is, from the survey began anthropology.
In the early 1890 s, Japanese scholars and government changes in the qing dynasty, the binary classification system (familiar with the ShengFan) to ping Po family before the replacement of the familiar "to GaoSha family before the replacement of the ShengFan. And GaoSha race is divided into the atayal, bunun tribe were tsao, "summer, clan, paiwan tribe, low race and the south ami tribe. Yami race (later reach enlightenment race) and family members later joined as Taiwan indigenous people's traditional JiuZu. Classification basis was mainly language.
For national recognition and classification, Japan anthropologists have worked it. To the east of Taiwan from railway line (ilan-Hualien) survey, for example. Listing the nearly 30 studies on indigenous people, geography, production, life, relationship, customs, religious belief and other detailed content.
In 1928, the Taipei imperial university (big predecessor) local custom race learn laboratory was established, will aboriginal anthropology research to the peak, the subject was the emperor of the Taipei big one of characteristic discipline, to learn lectures, linguistics race most famous lecture. Since then, the research of the system implementation aboriginal investigations.
Since then, for assimilation "sweet", according to authorities, will start aboriginal children into "sweet child education", and will send into the ground of the secondary schools, youth when teachers and recruit "search", also send young and tribal leader to visit Japan, accept the "civilization baptism".
WuShe area is regarded as the nantou county "model of the sweet, around 1930 WuShe has become a mountain of a small town, in addition to the police authorities, but also to post and telecommunications, medical, a hotel, the grocery store, even stayed look I 36 door, 157 people. So often have done politics this inspection. Yet it is this "model of the sweet", broke out, according to the largest in Taiwan indigenous armed uprising.
After the uprising was suppressed, the Japanese authorities began to soften its policy, the promotion of education, continue in a wide area of the sweet child aboriginal education. Many new baby will get a Japanese name. By the end of 1941, the outbreak of the Pacific war, and the young man was be Japanese into "GaoSha YiYongDui" war.
Due to the strong investment in education on, Taiwan native born Taiwan general can speak Japanese, the mother tongue also large number of infiltration Japanese, this for ruling Taiwan nearly 300 years of not long han people.
"GaoShanZu" and the girl
Taiwan after wwii, to the ground compatriots and mountain compatriots binary classification, instead of Japan JiuZu before classification, in an effort to remove the Japanese occupation of native influence. The Japanese named "GaoSha race" changed to "GaoShanZu", the constitution status and Tibetan ethnic groups the same position. Official propaganda, GaoShanZu is also the Chinese nation, is "descendants of the dragon". The only girl "and so on the official" minority "songs was born at this time. And the mainland will GaoShanZu listed as one of the 56 ethnic groups, also comes from that.
Since then, Taiwan officials believe flat Po and the han people for years as family, culture and custom and the han people is on, and in addition to the family of Po flat classification, the use of a traditional Japanese JiuZu classification. Although Taiwan to avoid official, according to time policy, but to "mountain cell" classification, regulations, policies, and in fact largely followed Taiwan "stroke was" and "majesty suppression" parallel Richard sweet policy.
Before the 1980 s, the KMT authorities are busy "offensive" continent and on the international stage and the mainland "han thief deadly", too busy to attention of aboriginal issues, its "mountain cell policy" is assimilation.
A ministry of education in 1984 had banned use of church hill country mountain pronunciation books, Taiwan household registration law also provides: hill country women marry han Chinese, the mountain the identity disappeared; And the han nationality women marry mountain cell, the han ethnic group identity remains the same. In addition, the original with the national characteristics of place names simply localization place name.
Household registration, with "to the government for" forced way, will be the native Taiwan by a household with all the "arbitrary distribution" method to HanXing. Taiwan indigenous name change, generally with a household personnel and the household registration office arbitrary distribution mainly. Since there is no detailed planning and establish related rules, during the 1950 s, a native of Taiwan between populations appeared to "high" (called from GaoShanZu basis), soup (river) and Yang (tree), stone (mountains and rivers), wu (goddess) surnames.
In the administrative region demarcation, Taiwan will indigenous aboriginal areas and distribution area divided into the ground township. According ZhiDuFa aboriginal areas where the provisions of the aboriginal village must for mountain, the ground township of the steward, no similar provisions.
In the land and resources in the problem, the Taiwan authorities announced that, according to the planning period "aboriginal reservation" state-owned, indigenous people have access, but can't secretly exchange, buy, sell or mortgage. Authorities say, land and resources state-owned because "mountain compatriots" has not yet fully developed the "right capacity," take temporary measure, finally should still will be sent to ownership "mountain compatriots".
In 1974, the authorities have fixed the Taiwan mountain reserve management method ", to relax and private enterprise and individual to the use of the reservation. When the land market after the gate to open, investors are aboriginal reservation, and local government ShangXiaJiShou, damage of the rights of indigenous peoples of frequent events.
As residents rights is hard to claim, especially with Taiwan Mongolian and Tibetan committee, but do not have local "minority" of the same agency. In "the legislative yuan" inside, the Taiwan authorities according to the constitution of the territory covered population proportion setting people number generation, lead to represent China national back to the Mongolian and Tibetan representatives, but far more than the number of Taiwan "GaoShanZu".
Although the kuomintang aboriginal policy constantly adjust, but few can really be considered aboriginal interests, indigenous development in structural disadvantage, and facing "national crisis". The 1987 Taiwan martial eve, land erosion and waking consciousness of right, in some indigenous elite, led by indigenous rights movement rise in the 1980 s.
By the end of 1984, "the rights of indigenous peoples promotion association" holds, "GaoShanQing aboriginal educated youth awareness campaign," "the child prostitutes persecution movement", "the national park movement (for constructing park is circle go mountain reservation)", "also I land movement", "name rectification movement", "also I surnames movement (indigenous in household registration mostly when take Chinese name)", "the nuclear waste (lanyu pile up in a few other ethnic enclaves) movement" has arisen.
Though authorities to these movements without the affection, but did not give repression, it evokes a han Chinese society of native pursuit common attention and support.
