In addition to exporting virtualized instances of CPU, memory, network and block devices, Xen exposes a control interface to manage how these resources are shared between the running domains.
Access to the control interface is restricted: it may only be used by one specially-privileged VM, known as domain 0. This domain is a required part of any Xen-based server and runs the application software that manages the control-plane aspects of the platform.
Running the control software in domain 0, distinct from the hypervisor itself, allows the Xen framework to separate the notions of mechanism and policy within the system.
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