【Backup】Fedora 16 安装后配置存档

Fedora 16, codename Verne, is available for download and it comes with a lot of new features and bleeding edge software. It comes with the new Gnome Shell 3.2 and KDE Plasma Workspace 4.7 along with Linux kernel 3.1. Grub2 is now used by default and HAL has been completely removed. BTRFS is still not the default file system but you can of course select it during the installation. If you haven’t done so already,  from here, install it and let’s continue with the post installation guide to configure some basic stuff for Fedora.

*Note: In the following tutorial I am using the command line to install software. Of course you can use the software center to install those applications.

1. Configure sudo

* Modifying sudoers file

Normally if you want to run a command which requires root privileges you first have to type ‘su -’, type your root password and then type the command. However you can bypass this by using the ‘sudo’ command. But first you have to configure it like this

su --login -c 'visudo'

Now go below the line:

root    ALL=(ALL)       ALL

press a, and type the following

username ALL=(ALL)      ALL

where username is the username you use to login. Next press Escape. Now, if you want to be prompted for your root password each time you use the sudo command go to this line:

# %wheel        ALL=(ALL)       ALL

and with your cursor pointing on # press x If you don’t want to be prompted for your root password each time you use the sudo command go to this line:

# %wheel        ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL

and with your cursor pointing on # press x Next, press :wq to save and exit. (type the : as well) * Adding your user to the wheel groupJust type: su -c ‘gpasswd -a username wheel’

* Testing sudo

To test if you have done it correctly as a simple user type:

$ sudo whoami

If everything is working properly the command should return the word ‘root’.

2. Configure yum

Fedora uses YUM to install and update its software and automatically resolve any dependencies needed.

Fedora software repositories don’t include support for MP3, DVD and Video playback/recording because of patent licenses. For this reason you have to install that software from third party repositories. But don’t worry, this is pretty easy! ;)

* RPMFusion repository

Now we are going to install the RPM Fusion Repository. RPM Fusion is a merger of the Dribble, Freshrpms and RPM Fusion package repositories for Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux. A variety of applications is included in that repository such as codecs for mp3 and unencrypted DVDs, multimedia applications such as mplayer, VLX and xine and the closed source Nvidia and ATi video drivers! RPM Fusion has two main repositories: one named “free” for Open Source Software (as defined by the Fedora Licensing Guidelines) which can’t be included in Fedora because it might be patent encumbered in the USone named “nonfree” for non-free software, that is everything else which can’t be in free; this includes software with public available source-code that has “no commercial use”-like restrictions.

For the rest of this guide I will assume that you have installed and enabled the RPM Fusion Repository. To install it type:

su - rpm -ivh \ rpm -ivh \ yum update

* Google repository

First we must install the key

su - yum install wget wget rpm --import linux_signing_key.pub

Fedora 32bit

Add the following to a file called google.repo in /etc/yum.repos.d/:

[google] name=Google - i386 baseurl= enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=

Fedora 64bit

Add the following to a file called google.repo in /etc/yum.repos.d/:

[google64] name=Google - x86_64 baseurl= enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=

3. Installing video drivers

**Note: To install the following packages you must have the RPM Fusion Repository enabled as described in Install RPM Fusion Repository .

**Note: The following information was obtained from 

* Installing nVidia driver

Fedora 16 uses the open source nouveau driver for nvidia cards. This might be enough for you depending on your needs. Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) is now enabled by default on NVIDIA systems as well, through the Nouveau driver. However if you want to have 3D support in Fedora 12 you must install the binary nvidia drivers. Just type:

For GeForce 6, 7, 8, 9, 200, 300, 400 & 500 series cards

su -c 'yum install kmod-nvidia xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-libs'

If you use a PAE kernel

su -c 'yum install kmod-nvidia-PAE'

Reboot

For GeForce FX cards

su -c 'yum install kmod-nvidia-173xx xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-173xx \ xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-173xx-libs xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-173xx-libs.i686'

If you use a PAE kernel

su -c 'yum install kmod-nvidia-173xx-PAE'

Make sure nouveau is removed from initramfs.

su - mv /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img /boot/initramfs-$(uname   -r)-nouveau.img dracut /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img $(uname -r)

Add selinux policy to allow gdm and gnome shell to work.

su - yum --nogpgcheck update libsepol \ --enablerepo=u*g

Reboot

* Installing ATi driver

Please note that Gnome Shell doesn’t work with fglrx.

4. Install Microsoft fonts

Fedora uses Liberation and DejaVu fonts which are installed by default and look pretty smooth and nice, plus they are open source. If you insist on using the Microsoft fonts you can download and install the msttcorefonts rpm like this.

wget http://www.my-guides.net/en/images/stories/fedora12/msttcore-fonts-2.0-3.noarch.rpm su -c 'rpm -ivh msttcore-fonts-2.0-3.noarch.rpm'

I built it myself using the msttcore-fonts-2.0-3.spec from Fedora-devel mailing list. It includes Arial, Andale, Comic Sans, Courier New, Georgia, Impact, Tahoma, Times, Trebuchet MS, Verdana and Webdings fonts. The procedure just in case you want to build it yourself is the following.

su -c 'yum install rpmdevtools rpm-build cabextract' rpmdev-setuptree cd ~/rpmbuild/SPECS/ wget http://www.my-guides.net/en/images/stories/fedora12/msttcore-fonts-2.0-3.spec rpmbuild -bb msttcore-fonts-2.0-3.spec cd ~/rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/ su -c 'rpm -ivh msttcore-fonts-2.0-3.noarch.rpm'

Now you can change your fonts through System -> Preferences -> Appearance -> Fonts

5. MP3 and Audio players

**Note: To install many of the following packages you must .

The first time you will try to play an mp3 file Totem Movie Player will come up and it will ask you to search for the mp3 decoder. As long as you have enabled the RPM Fusion repo as mentioned before it will find it and install it automatically. Just like that! If you still want to do it the manuall way…! or install an additional application continue reading below.

* Rhythmbox

I believe that Rhythmbox is a better mp3 player than the default Totem for Gnome users. You can find it under Applications -> Sound & Video -> Rhythmbox Music Player. If you don’t have it, to install it type:

su -c 'yum install gstreamer rhythmbox'

To make all mp3 files open by default with Rhytmbox right click on an mp3 file and select ‘Open with Other Application…’. Click on Rhytmbox Music Player and you’re done.
To add mp3 and other audio support type:

su -c 'yum install gstreamer-plugins-good gstreamer-plugins-bad gstreamer-plugins-ugly'

* Amarok

amaroK is an excellent audio/mp3 player for KDE. Of course you can install it under Gnome or any other Desktop Environment too. To install it and add mp3 support type:

su -c 'yum install amarok phonon-backend-gstreamer'

* Audacious

Audacious is another audio player similar to old winamp 2.x. To install it type:

su -c 'yum install audacious audacious-plugins'

6. DVD & Video

**Note: To install many of the following packages you must have the RPM Fusion Repository enabled as described here . If you have most probably you will prompted to search automatically for the needed codecs. They will automatically installed. As simple as that!

* DVD playback

In order to play DVDs you must install the appropriate codecs.

su -c 'yum install libdvdread libdvdnav lsdvd'

Those files are enough for playing your non encrypted DVDs. However if you want to decrypt an encrypted DVD you need libdvdcss which isn’t included in RPM Fusion because of legal issues in some countries such as the US. As mentioned in RPM Fusion . Opinions between the members of RPM Ffusion differ on the legality of libdvdcss, however no one is ready to vouch for it resuming the legal responsibilities. Therefore libdvdcss is being dropped. See also the comments on legal issues in the link above.

**Note: Instead you can use ATrpms for installing libdvdcss.

su - rpm -Uvh yum install libdvdcss

Add the following to a file called atprpms.repo in /etc/yum.repos.d/

[atrpms] name=Fedora Core $releasever - $basearch - ATrpms baseurl= gpgkey= enabled=0 gpgcheck=1

Afterwards install the package like this.

sudo rpm --import sudo yum --enablerepo=atrpms install libdvdcss

* Video files playback

When you will try to open a video file with Totem media player it will ask you to search for the necessary codecs. They will be automatically installed! If you have previously set up mp3 playback additional packages would have been installed as dependencies. These packages include video codecs such as xvidcore, ffmpeg and other.

To check some of them type: su -c ‘yum install ffmpeg ffmpeg-libs gstreamer-ffmpeg libmatroska xvidcore’

* Totem

Fedora 16 has installed Totem Movie Player. If you want to play DVD files also with totem type:

su -c 'yum install totem-xine xine-lib xine-lib-extras-freeworld'

* Mplayer/SMPlayer

I prefer mplayer and smplayer (mplayer’s GUI) for video playback. It supports almost any video type, external subtitles as well as DVD playback as long as you have the needed codecs installed as shown previously.

su -c 'yum install mplayer smplayer'

Open smplayer from Applications > Sound & Video > SMPlayer

* VLC

VLC (Video Lan Client) supports almost any video type without the need of installing external codecs.

su -c 'yum install vlc'

* kaffeine

kaffeine is another KDE media player that uses the xine engine.

su -c 'yum install kaffeine xine xine-lib xine-lib-extras-freeworld'

* RealPlayer

You can download RealPlayer rpm from here . Just choose to open it with the Package Installer. If this fails to install it manually open a terminal, go the directory you downloaded it and type:

su -c 'rpm -Uvh RealPlayer11GOLD.rpm --nodeps'

* Avidemux

Avidemux is a very good video editor. Install it like this:

su -c 'yum install avidemux'

It will be listed in Applications > Sound & Video > Avidemux Video Editor.

7. Flash Plugin

You can use the following commands to install flash player for both 32bit and 64bit.

su - rpm -ivh rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-adobe-linux yum install flash-plugin

Restart Mozilla Firefox or Chrome and you should have flash plugin support. However consider using HTML5 at least for watching YouTube videos!

8. Java

Fedora 16 comes with java from the OpenJDK project. It is very easy to install it through yum (if it hasn’t already been installed) and it works just fine. Try it! If you still want to install the Oracle (ex SUN) Java go a few lines below.

* OpenJDK

su -c 'yum install java-*-openjdk java-*-openjdk-plugin'

* Oracle’s JAVA JRE

First go to the  and download the latest JRE (Java SE 7 Update 1 at the moment).

Fedora 32bit

Select Linux as Platform and download the jre-7u1-linux-i586.rpm file.

Now open a terminal and type:

su - rpm -ivh jre-7u1-linux-i586.rpm

Fedora 64bit

Select Linux x64 as Platform and download the jre-7u1-linux-x64.rpm file.

Now open a terminal and type:

su - rpm -ivh jre-7u1-linux-i586.rpm

Now to setup java runtime perform the following.

/usr/sbin/alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/java/default/bin/java 20000

Setup the Mozilla/Firefox browser plugin.

For 32bit.

/usr/sbin/alternatives --install /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libjavaplugin.so \ libjavaplugin.so /usr/java/default/lib/i386/libnpjp2.so 20000

For 64bit

/usr/sbin/alternatives --install /usr/lib64/mozilla/plugins/libjavaplugin.so \ libjavaplugin.so.x86_64 /usr/java/default/lib/amd64/libnpjp2.so 20000

* Oracle’s JAVA JDK

First go to the  and download the latest JDK (Java Platform 7 Update 1 at the moment).

Fedora 32bit

Select Linux as Platform and download the jdk-7u1-linux-i586.rpm file.

Now open a terminal and type:

su - rpm -ivh jdk-7u1-linux-i586.rpm

Fedora 64bit

Select Linux x64 as Platform and download the jdk-7u1-linux-x64.bin file.

Now open a terminal and type:

su - rpm -ivh jdk-7u1-linux-x64.bin

su - ln -s /usr/java/jdk1.7.1/bin/java /usr/bin/java ln -s /usr/java/jdk1.7.1/bin/javac /usr/bin/javac

Now run java -version as a user. You should see java version “1.7.0_1″

9. Useful Applications

* Google Chrome browser

First you must enable the Google repository for Fedora

Next install Chrome like this:

su -c 'yum install google-chrome-stable'

* Transmission bittorrent client

Transmission is a free, lightweight BitTorrent client. It features a simple, intuitive interface on top on an efficient, cross-platform back-end.

su -c 'yum install transmission'

* Unrar

The unrar utility is a freeware program for extracting, testing and viewing the contents of archives created with the RAR archiver version 1.50 and above.

su -c 'yum install unrar'

* Filezilla

FileZilla is a FTP, FTPS and SFTP client for Linux with a lot of features.

su -c 'yum install filezilla'

* Gnome Shell tweaks

Tweak the settings, interface, fonts, themes etc.

su -c 'yum install gnome-tweak-tool'



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