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http://guliqun1983.blog.163.com/blog/static/501116852011730535314/

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分类: LINUX

2013-04-24 10:29:29

声明:本文为原创
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作者GTT
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Linux Version:2.6.33
提示本文是关于file system 实现的介绍
 
再来看看linux 2.6.33中ext2的结构图
 
super block的定义如下

struct ext2_super_block {
    __le32 s_inodes_count; /* Inodes count */
    __le32 s_blocks_count; /* Blocks count */
    __le32 s_r_blocks_count; /* Reserved blocks count */
    __le32 s_free_blocks_count; /* Free blocks count */
    __le32 s_free_inodes_count; /* Free inodes count */
    __le32 s_first_data_block; /* First Data Block */
    __le32 s_log_block_size; /* Block size */
    __le32 s_log_frag_size; /* Fragment size */
    __le32 s_blocks_per_group; /* # Blocks per group */
    __le32 s_frags_per_group; /* # Fragments per group */
    __le32 s_inodes_per_group; /* # Inodes per group */
    __le32 s_mtime; /* Mount time */
    __le32 s_wtime; /* Write time */
    __le16 s_mnt_count; /* Mount count */
    __le16 s_max_mnt_count; /* Maximal mount count */
    __le16 s_magic; /* Magic signature */
    __le16 s_state; /* File system state */
    __le16 s_errors; /* Behaviour when detecting errors */
    __le16 s_minor_rev_level; /* minor revision level */
    __le32 s_lastcheck; /* time of last check */
    __le32 s_checkinterval; /* max. time between checks */
    __le32 s_creator_os; /* OS */
    __le32 s_rev_level; /* Revision level */
    __le16 s_def_resuid; /* Default uid for reserved blocks */
    __le16 s_def_resgid; /* Default gid for reserved blocks */
    __le32 s_first_ino; /* First non-reserved inode */
    __le16 s_inode_size; /* size of inode structure */
    __le16 s_block_group_nr; /* block group # of this superblock */
    __le32 s_feature_compat; /* compatible feature set */
    __le32 s_feature_incompat; /* incompatible feature set */
    __le32 s_feature_ro_compat; /* readonly-compatible feature set */
    __u8 s_uuid[16]; /* 128-bit uuid for volume */
    char s_volume_name[16]; /* volume name */
    char s_last_mounted[64]; /* directory where last mounted */
    __le32 s_algorithm_usage_bitmap;/* For compression */
    __u8 s_prealloc_blocks; /* Nr of blocks to try to preallocate*/
    __u8 s_prealloc_dir_blocks; /* Nr to preallocate for dirs */
    __u16 s_padding1;
    __u8 s_journal_uuid[16]; /* uuid of journal superblock */
    __u32 s_journal_inum; /* inode number of journal file */
    __u32 s_journal_dev; /* device number of journal file */
    __u32 s_last_orphan; /* start of list of inodes to delete */
    __u32 s_hash_seed[4]; /* HTREE hash seed */
    __u8 s_def_hash_version; /* Default hash version to use */
    __u8 s_reserved_char_pad;
    __u16 s_reserved_word_pad;
    __le32 s_default_mount_opts;
    __le32 s_first_meta_bg; /* First metablock block group */
    __u32 s_reserved[190]; /* Padding to the end of the block */
};

 
inode的定义如下

struct ext2_inode {
    __le16 i_mode; /* File mode */
    __le16 i_uid; /* Low 16 bits of Owner Uid */
    __le32 i_size; /* Size in bytes */
    __le32 i_atime; /* Access time */
    __le32 i_ctime; /* Creation time */
    __le32 i_mtime; /* Modification time */
    __le32 i_dtime; /* Deletion Time */
    __le16 i_gid; /* Low 16 bits of Group Id */
    __le16 i_links_count; /* Links count */
    __le32 i_blocks; /* Blocks count */
    __le32 i_flags; /* File flags */
    union {
        struct {
            __le32 l_i_reserved1;
        } linux1;
        struct {
            __le32 h_i_translator;
        } hurd1;
        struct {
            __le32 m_i_reserved1;
        } masix1;
    } osd1; /* OS dependent 1 */
    __le32 i_block[EXT2_N_BLOCKS];/* Pointers to blocks */
    __le32 i_generation; /* File version (for NFS) */
    __le32 i_file_acl; /* File ACL */
    __le32 i_dir_acl; /* Directory ACL */
    __le32 i_faddr; /* Fragment address */
    union {
        struct {
            __u8 l_i_frag; /* Fragment number */
            __u8 l_i_fsize; /* Fragment size */
            __u16 i_pad1;
            __le16 l_i_uid_high; /* these 2 fields */
            __le16 l_i_gid_high; /* were reserved2[0] */
            __u32 l_i_reserved2;
        } linux2;
        struct {
            __u8 h_i_frag; /* Fragment number */
            __u8 h_i_fsize; /* Fragment size */
            __le16 h_i_mode_high;
            __le16 h_i_uid_high;
            __le16 h_i_gid_high;
            __le32 h_i_author;
        } hurd2;
        struct {
            __u8 m_i_frag; /* Fragment number */
            __u8 m_i_fsize; /* Fragment size */
            __u16 m_pad1;
            __u32 m_i_reserved2[2];
        } masix2;
    } osd2; /* OS dependent 2 */
};

 
而目录项的定义如下

struct ext2_dir_entry_2 {
    __le32 inode;   /* Inode number */
    __le16 rec_len; /* Directory entry length */
    __u8 name_len; /* Name length */
    __u8 file_type;
    char name[EXT2_NAME_LEN]; /* File name */
};

 

再来看看ext2FS是如何进行数据管理的

 
看上去只是比minixFS,多了一个3次间接索引。这样ext2FS的单个文件的Size可以更大。
上图中b-no等我就是随便起的名字,意思就是数据块的内容是block number. 
 

追加一些内容,忘了写了,就是在现在版本中对文件的定义,因为不说这个队VFS的实现就有点困难了。

定义如下

struct file {
    /* fu_list becomes invalid after file_free is called and queued via fu_rcuhead for RCU freeing */
    union {
        struct list_head fu_list;
        struct rcu_head fu_rcuhead;
    } f_u;
    struct path f_path;
#define f_dentry f_path.dentry
#define f_vfsmnt f_path.mnt
    const struct file_operations *f_op;
    spinlock_t f_lock; /* f_ep_links, f_flags, no IRQ */
    atomic_long_t f_count;
    unsigned int f_flags;
    fmode_t f_mode;
    loff_t f_pos;
    struct fown_struct f_owner;
    const struct cred *f_cred;
    struct file_ra_state f_ra;

    u64 f_version;
#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
    void *f_security;
#endif
    /* needed for tty driver, and maybe others */
    void *private_data;

#ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL
    /* Used by fs/eventpoll.c to link all the hooks to this file */
    struct list_head f_ep_links;
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL */
    struct address_space *f_mapping;
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_WRITECOUNT
    unsigned long f_mnt_write_state;
#endif
}

 

其它Field可以先不考虑,但是struct path f_path这项得关注。

他的定义如下

struct path {
    struct vfsmount *mnt;
    struct dentry *dentry;
};

为什么要提这个呢,因为他包含了一个dentry的指针,而dentry又有inode的指针。

这样有和早期MinixFS的实现基本对应上了,早期MinixFS的文件结构中直接放的inode指针。其实就是换汤不换药。这样对以后抽象出来VFS很关键的。




 



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