Chinaunix首页 | 论坛 | 博客
  • 博客访问: 1099706
  • 博文数量: 159
  • 博客积分: 3063
  • 博客等级: 中校
  • 技术积分: 2703
  • 用 户 组: 普通用户
  • 注册时间: 2012-04-01 01:51
文章分类

全部博文(159)

文章存档

2013年(48)

2012年(111)

分类: Oracle

2012-04-15 02:32:51

listener.ora、 tnsnames.ora和sqlnet.ora这3个文件是关系oracle网络配置的3个主要文件,其中listener.ora是和数据库服务器端 相关,而tnsnames.ora和sqlnet.ora这2个文件不仅仅关系到服务器端,主要的还是和客户端关系紧密。
检查客户端oracle网络的时候可以先检查sqlnet.ora文件:

# SQLNET.ORA Network Configuration File: $ORACLE_HOME/NETWORK/ADMIN/sqlnet.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)
NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, HOSTNAME, ONAMES)
##NAMES.DEFAULT_DOMAIN = us.oracle.com

上面的sqlnet.ora文件说明:
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)——这个表示采用os认证,在数据库服务器上,可以利用sqlplus “/ as sysdba”。一般这个配置在windows上是ok的,在unix环境下可能会有问题,一般在unix下可以去掉这个配置。

NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, HOSTNAME, ONAMES)——表示将首先利用tnsnames进行解析;如果tnsnames解析不到,将使用hostname解析;如果hostname解析不 到,将采用onames进行解析。

被注释掉的NAMES.DEFAULT_DOMAIN = us.oracle.com——表示采用默认的domain name为us.oracle.com,在tnsnames.ora中如果配置对应的解析,如果原来的别名oralocal,那么,当启用这个参数后,在 tnsnames中的配置要改成oralocal.us.oracle.com。在使用tnsping时或者sqlplus登录时,只需写前面的别名,系 统会自动加上后面的domain name来进行解析。

检查完毕sqlnet.ora,一般都会发现是使用tnsname来解析别名的,那么,tnsnames.ora中可以有哪些配置种类呢?

# TNSNAMES.ORA Network Configuration File: $ORACLE_HOME/NETWORK/ADMIN/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
###### 一般的配置 ##################################
ORALOCAL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.1)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = oralocal)
)
)
###### 这样也行,用SID=oralocal ###########################
ORALOCAL_2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.1)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SID = oralocal)
)
###### RAC的配置(3节点rac) ###############################
ORALOCAL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(load_balance = yes)
(failover = on)
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.1)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.2)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.3)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = oralocal)
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(failover_mode=(type=select)(method=basic)(retries=20)(delay=20))
)
)
ORALOCAL_NODE1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.1)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = oralocal)
(INSTANCE_NAME = oralocal_node1)
)
)
ORALOCAL_NODE2=
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.2)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = oralocal)
(INSTANCE_NAME = oralocal_node2)
)
)
ORALOCAL_NODE3 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.3)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = oralocal)
(INSTANCE_NAME = oralocal_node3)
)
)
)
###### DATA GUARD配置(primary库和standby库都需要配置)##############
standby =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.2)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER=DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = oralocal)
)
)
primary =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.1)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER=DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = oralocal)
)
)

另外需要注意的2点情况:
(1)如果tnsnames中的service_name配置错误,配置成了instance_name了,这个时候会发生tnsping能通,但是 sqlplus连接不上的奇怪情况。报错ORA-12514: TNS:listener could not resolve SERVICE_NAME given in connect descriptor。这个时候查错的时候,需要检查对应的service_name。
(2)如果远程数据库是rac,而且本地客户端端远程数据库处于不同的网段,通过公网链接,rac对外的ip映射只有一个,即只映射到一个节点。请注意在 客户端配置tnsnames的时候按照单机的情况来配置。呵呵,dba不仅仅要学习oracle,了解一些网络的知识,特别是自己系统的网络架构,也是需 要的。

阅读(2897) | 评论(0) | 转发(0) |
给主人留下些什么吧!~~