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分类: 架构设计与优化
2019-05-07 15:29:02
增强现实技术(Augmented Reality,简称 AR),是一种实时地计算摄影机影像的位置及角度并加上相应图像、视频、3D模型的技术,这种技术的目标是在屏幕上把虚拟世界套在现实世界并进行互动。这种技术1990年提出。随着随身电子产品CPU运算能力的提升,预期增强现实的用途将会越来越广。
本文介绍使用JavaScript开源框架AR.js实现的增强现实的Hello World例子。
先看效果:
首先在手机浏览器里打开我部署在github page上的这个demo应用:
我用的是Android手机安装的Chrome浏览器。
打开网页,会提示你是否允许这个网页应用访问您的手机摄像头。点击允许:
用手机上的摄像头扫描这张图片:
神奇的事情就发生了。您会看到,通过手机摄像头望过去,手机屏幕里会出现一个新的不断滚动的3D物体,如下图所示。
下面具体介绍这个最简单的例子是怎么开发出来的。
所有的源代码在我的github上:
新建一个html文件,把下列150行代码粘贴进去,然后在服务器上运行,使用之前描述的步骤即可进行AR测试:
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0"> <script src='ar/lib/three.min.js'>script> <script src="ar/lib/stats.min.js">script> <script src="ar/lib/ar.js">script> <script> debugger;
THREEx.ArToolkitContext.baseURL = ''; script> <body style='margin : 0px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Monospace;'> <div style='position: absolute; top: 10px; width:100%; text-align: center; z-index: 1;'> <script> var renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ // antialias : true, alpha: true });
renderer.setClearColor(new THREE.Color('lightgrey'), 0) // renderer.setPixelRatio( 1/2 ); renderer.setSize( window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight );
renderer.domElement.style.position = 'absolute' renderer.domElement.style.top = '0px' renderer.domElement.style.left = '0px' document.body.appendChild( renderer.domElement ); // array of functions for the rendering loop var onRenderFcts= []; // init scene and camera var scene = new THREE.Scene(); var camera = new THREE.Camera();
scene.add(camera); var arToolkitSource = new THREEx.ArToolkitSource({ // to read from the webcam sourceType : 'webcam', // to read from an image // sourceType : 'image', // sourceUrl : THREEx.ArToolkitContext.baseURL + '../data/images/img.jpg', // to read from a video // sourceType : 'video', // sourceUrl : THREEx.ArToolkitContext.baseURL + '../data/videos/headtracking.mp4', })
arToolkitSource.init(function onReady(){
onResize()
}) window.addEventListener('resize', function(){
onResize()
}) function onResize(){
arToolkitSource.onResize()
arToolkitSource.copySizeTo(renderer.domElement) if( arToolkitContext.arController !== null ){
arToolkitSource.copySizeTo(arToolkitContext.arController.canvas)
}
} var arToolkitContext = new THREEx.ArToolkitContext({ // cameraParametersUrl: THREEx.ArToolkitContext.baseURL + '../data/data/camera_para.dat', cameraParametersUrl: 'ar/data/data/camera_para.dat', detectionMode: 'mono', maxDetectionRate: 30, canvasWidth: 80*3, canvasHeight: 60*3,
})
arToolkitContext.init(function onCompleted(){
camera.projectionMatrix.copy( arToolkitContext.getProjectionMatrix() );
})
onRenderFcts.push(function(){ if( arToolkitSource.ready === false ) return;
arToolkitContext.update( arToolkitSource.domElement )
}) var markerRoot = new THREE.Group
scene.add(markerRoot) var artoolkitMarker = new THREEx.ArMarkerControls(arToolkitContext, markerRoot, { type : 'pattern', patternUrl : THREEx.ArToolkitContext.baseURL + 'ar/data/data/patt.hiro' }) // build a smoothedControls var smoothedRoot = new THREE.Group()
scene.add(smoothedRoot) var smoothedControls = new THREEx.ArSmoothedControls(smoothedRoot, { lerpPosition: 0.4, lerpQuaternion: 0.3, lerpScale: 1,
})
onRenderFcts.push(function(delta){
smoothedControls.update(markerRoot)
}) var arWorldRoot = smoothedRoot // add a torus knot var geometry = new THREE.CubeGeometry(1,1,1); var material = new THREE.MeshNormalMaterial({ transparent : true, opacity: 0.5, side: THREE.DoubleSide
}); var mesh = new THREE.Mesh( geometry, material );
mesh.position.y = geometry.parameters.height/2 arWorldRoot.add( mesh ); var geometry = new THREE.TorusKnotGeometry(0.3,0.1,64,16); var material = new THREE.MeshNormalMaterial(); var mesh = new THREE.Mesh( geometry, material );
mesh.position.y = 0.5 arWorldRoot.add( mesh );
onRenderFcts.push(function(){
mesh.rotation.x += 0.1 }) var stats = new Stats(); document.body.appendChild( stats.dom ); // render the scene onRenderFcts.push(function(){
renderer.render( scene, camera );
stats.update();
}) // run the rendering loop var lastTimeMsec= null requestAnimationFrame(function animate(nowMsec){ // keep looping requestAnimationFrame( animate ); // measure time lastTimeMsec = lastTimeMsec || nowMsec-1000/60 var deltaMsec = Math.min(200, nowMsec - lastTimeMsec)
lastTimeMsec = nowMsec // call each update function onRenderFcts.forEach(function(onRenderFct){
onRenderFct(deltaMsec/1000, nowMsec/1000)
})
}) script>body>
当然,这个效果来自大神jeromeetienne开源的AR.js:
当然大神自己也很谦虚地提到,他这个开源的增强现实框架也是建立在巨人的肩膀上开发的:比如其中3D效果的绘制,使用到了另一个开源框架three.js:
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