分类: LINUX
2010-11-30 21:40:11
1.ip_conntrack状态
防火墙看到请求包就将连接置为NEW,看到应答包就将连接置为ESTABLISHED状态。
2.ICMP返回的“网络不可达”信息是在试图连接某台主机时不成功(可能该主机已经关闭)时,数据包所到达的最后一台路由器返回
的。这时候的ICMP状态时RELATED。
3.iptables 有3个表,mangle,nat,Filter,默认的表是Filter。
4.Filter表的3个内建链:INPUT,FORWORD,OUTPUT.
见上面图片。
5.iptables使用举例:
iptables 使用(环境:CPE的端口21-23已经映射到本地PC的21-23端口)
1. iptables -t nat -L
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:30005
ACCEPT all -- anywhere 224.0.0.0/3
ACCEPT all -- anywhere 224.0.0.0/3
REDIRECT_FIRST_HTTP tcp -- 192.168.1.0/24 !192.168.1.1 tcp dpt:www
DNAT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpts:ftp:telnet to:192.168.1.2
REDIRECT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:2121 redir ports 21
DNAT all -- anywhere anywhere to:192.168.1.2
DNAT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:44500 to:192.168.1.2:44500-0
DNAT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:44501 to:192.168.1.2:44501-0
DNAT udp -- anywhere 192.168.1.1 udp dpt:domain to:172.24.11.10
Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
MASQUERADE all -- 192.168.1.0/24 anywhere
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
2. iptables -t filter -L
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:9080
ACCEPT udp -- 192.168.1.0/24 anywhere udp dpt:30006
urlfilter tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:30005
ACCEPT 2 -- anywhere anywhere
ACCEPT udp -- anywhere anywhere udp dpt:tftp
ACCEPT icmp -- anywhere anywhere icmp echo-request
ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:www
ACCEPT 2 -- anywhere anywhere
ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
LOG tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp flags:SYN,RST,ACK/SYN limit: avg 6/hour burst 5 LOG level alert prefix `Intrusion -> '
DROP all -- anywhere anywhere
tcp -- anywhere anywhere
tcp -- anywhere anywhere
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere 192.168.1.2 tcp dpt:44501
ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere 192.168.1.2 tcp dpt:44500
ACCEPT all -- anywhere 192.168.1.2
ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere 192.168.1.2 tcp dpts:ftp:telnet
ACCEPT all -- anywhere 224.0.0.0/3
ACCEPT all -- anywhere 224.0.0.0/3
ACCEPT all -- anywhere 192.168.1.0/24
DROP all -- anywhere anywhere
ACCEPT all -- anywhere 192.168.1.0/24
DROP all -- anywhere anywhere
ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
DROP all -- anywhere anywhere
all -- anywhere anywhere
all -- anywhere anywhere
all -- anywhere anywhere
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
DROP all -- anywhere 239.255.255.250
Chain urlfilter (1 references)
target prot opt source destination
QUEUE tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:30005
target prot opt source destination