第一步:最简单的函数,准备附加额外功能
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# -*- coding:gbk -*-
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'''示例1: 最简单的函数,表示调用了两次'''
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def myfunc():
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print("myfunc() called.")
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myfunc()
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myfunc()
第二步:使用装饰函数在函数执行前和执行后分别附加额外功能
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# -*- coding:gbk -*-
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'''示例2: 替换函数(装饰)
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装饰函数的参数是被装饰的函数对象,返回原函数对象
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装饰的实质语句: myfunc = deco(myfunc)'''
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def deco(func):
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print("before myfunc() called.")
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func()
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print(" after myfunc() called.")
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return func
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def myfunc():
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print(" myfunc() called.")
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myfunc = deco(myfunc)
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myfunc()
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myfunc()
第三步:使用语法糖@来装饰函数
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# -*- coding:gbk -*-
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'''示例3: 使用语法糖@来装饰函数,相当于“myfunc = deco(myfunc)”
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但发现新函数只在第一次被调用,且原函数多调用了一次'''
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def deco(func):
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print("before myfunc() called.")
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func()
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print(" after myfunc() called.")
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return func
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@deco
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def myfunc():
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print(" myfunc() called.")
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myfunc()
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myfunc()
第四步:使用内嵌包装函数来确保每次新函数都被调用
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# -*- coding:gbk -*-
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'''示例4: 使用内嵌包装函数来确保每次新函数都被调用,
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内嵌包装函数的形参和返回值与原函数相同,装饰函数返回内嵌包装函数对象'''
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def deco(func):
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def _deco():
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print("before myfunc() called.")
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func()
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print(" after myfunc() called.")
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# 不需要返回func,实际上应返回原函数的返回值
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return _deco
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@deco
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def myfunc():
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print(" myfunc() called.")
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return 'ok'
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myfunc()
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myfunc()
第五步:对带参数的函数进行装饰
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# -*- coding:gbk -*-
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'''示例5: 对带参数的函数进行装饰,
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内嵌包装函数的形参和返回值与原函数相同,装饰函数返回内嵌包装函数对象'''
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def deco(func):
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def _deco(a, b):
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print("before myfunc() called.")
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ret = func(a, b)
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print(" after myfunc() called. result: %s" % ret)
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return ret
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return _deco
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@deco
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def myfunc(a, b):
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print(" myfunc(%s,%s) called." % (a, b))
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return a + b
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myfunc(1, 2)
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myfunc(3, 4)
第六步:对参数数量不确定的函数进行装饰
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# -*- coding:gbk -*-
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'''示例6: 对参数数量不确定的函数进行装饰,
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参数用(*args, **kwargs),自动适应变参和命名参数'''
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def deco(func):
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def _deco(*args, **kwargs):
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print("before %s called." % func.__name__)
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ret = func(*args, **kwargs)
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print(" after %s called. result: %s" % (func.__name__, ret))
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return ret
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return _deco
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@deco
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def myfunc(a, b):
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print(" myfunc(%s,%s) called." % (a, b))
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return a+b
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@deco
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def myfunc2(a, b, c):
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print(" myfunc2(%s,%s,%s) called." % (a, b, c))
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return a+b+c
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myfunc(1, 2)
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myfunc(3, 4)
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myfunc2(1, 2, 3)
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myfunc2(3, 4, 5)
第七步:让装饰器带参数
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# -*- coding:gbk -*-
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'''示例7: 在示例4的基础上,让装饰器带参数,
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和上一示例相比在外层多了一层包装。
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装饰函数名实际上应更有意义些'''
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def deco(arg):
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def _deco(func):
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def __deco():
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print("before %s called [%s]." % (func.__name__, arg))
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func()
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print(" after %s called [%s]." % (func.__name__, arg))
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return __deco
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return _deco
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@deco("mymodule")
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def myfunc():
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print(" myfunc() called.")
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@deco("module2")
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def myfunc2():
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print(" myfunc2() called.")
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myfunc()
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myfunc2()
第八步:让装饰器带 类 参数
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# -*- coding:gbk -*-
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'''示例8: 装饰器带类参数'''
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class locker:
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def __init__(self):
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print("locker.__init__() should be not called.")
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@staticmethod
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def acquire():
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print("locker.acquire() called.(这是静态方法)")
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@staticmethod
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def release():
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print(" locker.release() called.(不需要对象实例)")
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def deco(cls):
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'''cls 必须实现acquire和release静态方法'''
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def _deco(func):
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def __deco():
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print("before %s called [%s]." % (func.__name__, cls))
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cls.acquire()
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try:
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return func()
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finally:
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cls.release()
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return __deco
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return _deco
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@deco(locker)
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def myfunc():
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print(" myfunc() called.")
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myfunc()
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myfunc()
第九步:装饰器带类参数,并分拆公共类到其他py文件中,同时演示了对一个函数应用多个装饰器
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# -*- coding:gbk -*-
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'''mylocker.py: 公共类 for 示例9.py'''
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class mylocker:
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def __init__(self):
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print("mylocker.__init__() called.")
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@staticmethod
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def acquire():
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print("mylocker.acquire() called.")
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@staticmethod
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def unlock():
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print(" mylocker.unlock() called.")
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class lockerex(mylocker):
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@staticmethod
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def acquire():
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print("lockerex.acquire() called.")
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@staticmethod
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def unlock():
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print(" lockerex.unlock() called.")
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def lockhelper(cls):
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'''cls 必须实现acquire和release静态方法'''
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def _deco(func):
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def __deco(*args, **kwargs):
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print("before %s called." % func.__name__)
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cls.acquire()
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try:
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return func(*args, **kwargs)
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finally:
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cls.unlock()
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return __deco
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return _deco
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# -*- coding:gbk -*-
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'''示例9: 装饰器带类参数,并分拆公共类到其他py文件中
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同时演示了对一个函数应用多个装饰器'''
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from mylocker import *
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class example:
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@lockhelper(mylocker)
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def myfunc(self):
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print(" myfunc() called.")
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@lockhelper(mylocker)
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@lockhelper(lockerex)
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def myfunc2(self, a, b):
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print(" myfunc2() called.")
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return a + b
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if __name__=="__main__":
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a = example()
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a.myfunc()
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print(a.myfunc())
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print(a.myfunc2(1, 2))
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print(a.myfunc2(3, 4))
@http://www.cnblogs.com/rhcad/archive/2011/12/21/2295507.html
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