LVS+Keepalived实现MySQL写高可用和读负载均衡
主库高可用和只读库负载均衡,是在主主高可用方案的基础上做改进,这里只介绍实现细节的不同。
keepalived架构
同一个keepalived配置读写分离2个VIP,可以有两种办法:
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一种是读写VIP共用同一个VRRP实例。这种方案中,两个VIP会绑定在当前的主库机器上,分别提供读写请求。所有的业务请求都会进入主库,其LVS在分离部分读负载到从库。这个配置维护简单。
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另一种是读写VIP各自独立VRRP示例。这种方案中,两个VIP可以绑定在主从库机器上。写请求会进入主库,读请求进入从库,从库的LVS做负载均衡,部分读分离到主库。这种配置维护复杂。
架构图如下:
当LVS架构中的director与realserver是同一台机器时,会出现两台director无限循环转发请求的情况。具体分析如下:
a) director1(master1)收到目的地址为VIP数据包。
b) director1经过ip_vs对数据包做负载均衡,部分包转发给realserver2(mater2/director2)。
c) director2收到的转发包,目的地址也是VIP,再经过ip_vs做负载均衡,部分包转发给realserver1(master1/director1)。
解决办法是,director使用iptables,对数据包做标记,LVS对fwm转发而不是直接转发TCP。
IP配置
这里的主备库IP配置如下:
库
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HA IP
|
HA IP的mac
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服务VIP
|
主
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10.0.0.69
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mac-source
aa:aa:aa:b5:7b:88
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写:10.0.0.68
读:10.0.0.140
|
备
|
10.0.0.70
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mac-source aa:aa:aa:53:3e:28
|
iptables配置
每台director上,对非其他director发送的数据包,做标记,ip_vs转发这些被标记的包。亦即其他director发送的数据包,不再做ip_vs转发,直接交给上层监听程序。
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主库上:
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iptables -t mangle -I PREROUTING -d 10.0.0.140 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 3306 -m mac ! --mac-source aa:aa:aa:53:3e:28 -j MARK --set-mark 0x1
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备库上:
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iptables -t mangle -I PREROUTING -d 10.0.0.140 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 3306 -m mac ! --mac-source aa:aa:aa:b5:7b:88 -j MARK --set-mark 0x2
realserver配置
有读请求负载均衡后,就需要配置realserver了。
开启realserver的办法:sh lvs_realserver.sh start
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vim lvs_realserver.sh
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#!/bin/bash
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#description : start realserver
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VIP='10.0.0.140 10.0.0.68'
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/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
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case "$1" in
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start)
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echo " start LVS of REALServer"
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for ip in $VIP;do
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/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 $ip broadcast $ip netmask 255.255.255.255 up
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done
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echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
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echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
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echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
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echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
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;;
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stop)
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/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 down
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echo "close LVS Directorserver"
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echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
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echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
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echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
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echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
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;;
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*)
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echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
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exit 1
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esac
keepalived配置。10.0.0.69为例
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global_defs {
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router_id LVS_1
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}
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vrrp_sync_group mysql_ha {
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group {
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mysql_lb
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}
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notify_backup "/usr/local/keepalived_script/keepalived_notify.sh BACKUP"
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notify_master "/usr/local/keepalived_script/keepalived_notify.sh MASTER"
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notify_fault "/usr/local/keepalived_script/keepalived_notify.sh FAULT"
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notify "/usr/local/keepalived_script/keepalived_notify.sh"
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}
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vrrp_instance mysql_master_ha_slave_lb {
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state BACKUP
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interface eth0
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virtual_router_id 61
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priority 150
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nopreempt
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advert_int 1
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authentication {
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auth_type PASS
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auth_pass 1111
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}
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virtual_ipaddress {
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10.0.0.68
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10.0.0.140
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}
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}
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## 写VIP virtual_server,只配置本地机器
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virtual_server 10.0.0.68 3306 {
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delay_loop 2
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lb_algo rr
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lb_kind DR
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nat_mask 255.255.255.0
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persistence_timeout 20
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protocol TCP
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real_server 10.0.0.69 3306 {
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weight 3
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notify_down "/usr/local/keepalived_script/keepalived_notify.sh MYSQL_DOWN"
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TCP_CHECK {
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connect_timeout 10
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connect_port 3306
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}
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}
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}
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## 读VIP,配置fwmark转发
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virtual_server fwmark 1 { # 另一台备库是fwmark 2
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delay_loop 2
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lb_algo wrr
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lb_kind DR
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nat_mask 255.255.255.0
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persistence_timeout 20
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protocol TCP
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real_server 10.0.0.69 3306 {
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weight 1
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TCP_CHECK {
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connect_timeout 10
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connect_port 3306
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}
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}
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real_server 10.0.0.70 3306 {
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weight 5
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TCP_CHECK {
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connect_timeout 10
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connect_port 3306
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}
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}
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}
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