分类： LINUX
2010-11-09 14:55:49
嵌入式Linux文件系统(四)
BusyBox制作嵌入式文件系统
蒋冬冬
版权所有，蒋冬冬，2008，10
一、BusyBox的配置、编译和安装
Busybox已经有很多版本了，现在最新的版本是1.9.X但是要注意的一点是，busybox的各个版本在编译的时候与交叉编译器的库版本是有很大关联的。
本人现在采用busybox1.00-pre0版本，交叉编译器为arm－linux－2.95.3。
＃ Make menuconfig
根据自己配置的需要来选择busybox提供的功能。
这里不再一一介绍配置菜单的意思，仅简要贴出部分选项：
编译遇到问题请参考《busybox编译备忘录》
Busybox配置如下：
Busybox Settings >
General Configuration >
[*] Support for devfs /* 这个选项在1.0.0版本上有，在1.2.2版本上已经取消了 */
Build Options >
[*] Build BusyBox as a static binary (no shared libs)
[*] Do you want to build BusyBox with a Cross Compiler?
(/usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm－linux－)
/* 该交叉编译路径的修改在Config.in文件301行 */
Init Utilities >
[*] init
[*] Support reading an inittab file
/* 支持init读取/etc/inittab配置文件，一定要选上 */
Shells >
Choose your default shell (ash) >
/* (X) ash 选中ash，这样生成的时候才会生成bin/sh文件
* 看看我们前头的linuxrc脚本的头一句：
* #!/bin/sh 是由bin/sh来解释执行的
*/
[*] ash
Coreutils >
[*] cp
[*] cat
[*] ls
[*] mkdir
[*] echo (basic SuSv3 version taking no options)
[*] env
[*] mv
[*] pwd
[*] rm
[*] touch
Editors >
[*] vi
Linux Module Utilities>
[*] insmod
[*] rmmod
[*] lsmod
[*] modprobe
Linux System Utilities >
[*] mount
[*] umount
[*] Support loopback mounts
[*] Support for the old /etc/mtab file
/* 注意不要选择支持2.4内核，选上的话，会出现编译错误 */
编译make
安装make install
/* 这个时候在目录下可以看见arm_install目录，该目录就是我们所需要的，因为本人选择生成目录为./ arm_install*/
二、文件系统目录的构建
cd /
# create $ROOTFS structure
mkdir $ROOTFS
cd $ROOTFS
# create dir
mkdir bin dev etc lib proc sbin tmp usr var lost+found
chmod 1777 tmp
mkdir usr/bin usr/lib usr/sbin
mkdir var/lib var/lock var/log var/run var/tmp
chmod 1777 var/tmp
echo "create $ROOTFS structure success!"
三、建立结点文件（设备文件）
# make node file in dev dir
cd $ROOTFS/dev
mknod console c 5 1
mknod full c 1 7
mknod kmem c 1 2
mknod mem c 1 1
mknod null c 1 3
mknod port c 1 4
mknod random c 1 8
mknod urandom c 1 9
mknod zero c 1 5
for i in `seq 0 7`;do mknod loop$i b 7 $i;done
for i in `seq 0 9`; do mknod ram$i b 1 $i;done
ln -s ram1 ram
mknod tty c 5 0
for i in `seq 0 9`; do mknod tty$i c 4 $i;done
for i in `seq 0 9`; do mknod vcs$i b 7 $i;done
ln -s vcs0 vcs
for i in `seq 0 9`; do mknod vcsa$i b 7 $i;done
ln -s vcsa0 vcsa
echo "make $ROOTFS/dev node success!"
四、建立脚本应用程序
# create linuxrc file
cd $ROOTFS/
touch $LINUXRC
chmod 775 $LINUXRC
echo "#\!/bin/sh" >> $LINUXRC
echo "# " >> $LINUXRC
echo "# create by do2jiang , 2008.10" >> $LINUXRC
echo "# do2jiang@gmail.com" >> $LINUXRC
echo "#" >> $LINUXRC
echo "echo "Hello linux\! Helo World\!"" >> $LINUXRC
echo "exec /sbin/init" >> $LINUXRC
echo "create $ROOTFS/$LINUXRC success!"
五、拷贝运行时库
# copy lib file for rootfs from environment of CROSS-COMPILER
# this is "/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/arm-linux/lib"
cd $CROSS_COMPILER_LIB
for file in libc libcrypt libdl libm libpthread libresolv libutil;do cp $file-*.so $ROOTFS/lib;cp -d $file.so.[*0-9] $ROOTFS/lib;done
cp -d ld*.so* $ROOTFS/lib
echo "copy $ROOTFS/lib success!"
六、拷贝Applet 及其 etc配置文件
# copy file in dir of bin/ and sbin/
cd $ROOTFS/
cp -a $BUSYBOX_ARMINSTALL/* $ROOTFS/
echo "copy busybox applet success!"
###################################################
# copy system config file to $ROOTFS/etc dir
# etc dir is in $BUSYBOX_INSTALL/etc,haved been copied.
echo "copy system etc file success!"
#本文已经将需要的配置文件，放在 $BUSYBOX_INSTALL/etc 下
###################################################
七、制作文件系统镜像
# make img file
cd /
mkdir $ROOTIMAGE
dd if=/dev/zero of=$IMAGENAME bs=1k count=9216
mke2fs -F -v -m0 $IMAGENAME
mount -o loop $IMAGENAME $ROOTIMAGE
#remove symble information
arm-linux-strip $ROOTFS/lib/*
cp -a $ROOTFS/* $ROOTIMAGE/
umount $ROOTIMAGE
gzip -9 $IMAGENAME
echo "create $IMAGENAME file success!"
#copy image file to DOWNLOAD PATH
cd /
cp $IMAGENAME.gz $DOWNLOADPATH
echo "copy file to $DOWNLOADPATH"
echo "ALL SET!"
八、测试文件系统
对制作的文件系统进行测试，本文制作的系统简单测试如下，显示制作是成功的！如图1所示。
图1.BusyBox V1.00-pre10制作的ramdisk文件系统测试截图
=====================制作镜像文件完全脚本如下====================
#
# !bin/bash
# create by do2jiang ,2008,10
# do2jiang@gmail.com
#
echo "############################################"
echo "############################################"
echo "##mkrootfs.sc created by do2jiang,2008,10 ##"
echo "##Email:do2jiang@gmai.com ##"
echo "##http://blog.yesky.com/blog/langboy ##"
echo "## ##"
echo "############################################"
echo "############################################"
################################################
# predefine of this script
# define rootfs path
ROOTFS=/fsroot2
# define lib path of CROSS-COMPILER
# this is "/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/arm-linux/lib"
CROSS_COMPILER_LIB=/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/arm-linux/lib
# define busybox source path
# this is "/usr/local/arm/busybox-1.00-pre10/arm_install"
BUSYBOX_ARMINSTALL=/usr/local/arm/busybox-1.00-pre10/arm_install
# define image path and image name
ROOTIMAGE=/mnt/fsroot2
IMAGENAME=fsroot2.img
# define download path
DOWNLOADPATH=/work/at9200/share
###############################################
# reset dir
cd /
# create $ROOTFS structure
mkdir $ROOTFS
cd $ROOTFS
# create dir
mkdir bin dev etc lib proc sbin tmp usr var lost+found
chmod 1777 tmp
mkdir usr/bin usr/lib usr/sbin
mkdir var/lib var/lock var/log var/run var/tmp
chmod 1777 var/tmp
echo "create $ROOTFS structure success!"
################################################
# copy lib file for rootfs from environment of CROSS-COMPILER
# this is "/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/arm-linux/lib"
cd $CROSS_COMPILER_LIB
for file in libc libcrypt libdl libm libpthread libresolv libutil;do cp $file-*.so $ROOTFS/lib;cp -d $file.so.[*0-9] $ROOTFS/lib;done
cp -d ld*.so* $ROOTFS/lib
echo "copy $ROOTFS/lib success!"
################################################
# make node file in dev dir
cd $ROOTFS/dev
mknod console c 5 1
mknod full c 1 7
mknod kmem c 1 2
mknod mem c 1 1
mknod null c 1 3
mknod port c 1 4
mknod random c 1 8
mknod urandom c 1 9
mknod zero c 1 5
for i in `seq 0 7`;do mknod loop$i b 7 $i;done
for i in `seq 0 9`; do mknod ram$i b 1 $i;done
ln -s ram1 ram
mknod tty c 5 0
for i in `seq 0 9`; do mknod tty$i c 4 $i;done
for i in `seq 0 9`; do mknod vcs$i b 7 $i;done
ln -s vcs0 vcs
for i in `seq 0 9`; do mknod vcsa$i b 7 $i;done
ln -s vcsa0 vcsa
echo "make $ROOTFS/dev node success!"
###################################################
# create linuxrc file
LINUXRC=linuxrc2
cd $ROOTFS/
touch $LINUXRC
chmod 775 $LINUXRC<,o:p>
echo "#\!/bin/sh" >> $LINUXRC
echo "# " >> $LINUXRC
echo "# create by do2jiang , 2008.10" >> $LINUXRC
echo "# do2jiang@gmail.com" >> $LINUXRC
echo "#" >> $LINUXRC
echo "echo "Hello linux\! Helo World\!"" >> $LINUXRC
echo "exec /sbin/init" >> $LINUXRC
echo "create $ROOTFS/$LINUXRC success!"
###################################################
# copy file in dir of bin/ and sbin/
cd $ROOTFS/
cp -a $BUSYBOX_ARMINSTALL/* $ROOTFS/
echo "copy busybox applet success!"
###################################################
# copy system config file to $ROOTFS/etc dir
# etc dir is in $BUSYBOX_INSTALL/etc,haved been copied.
echo "copy system etc file success!"
###################################################
# make img file
cd /
mkdir $ROOTIMAGE
dd if=/dev/zero of=$IMAGENAME bs=1k count=9216
mke2fs -F -v -m0 $IMAGENAME
mount -o loop $IMAGENAME $ROOTIMAGE
#remove symble information
#arm-linux-strip $ROOTFS/lib/*
cp -a $ROOTFS/* $ROOTIMAGE/
umount $ROOTIMAGE
gzip -9 $IMAGENAME
echo "create $IMAGENAME file success!"
#copy image file to DOWNLOAD PATH
cd /
cp $IMAGENAME.gz $DOWNLOADPATH
echo "copy file to $DOWNLOADPATH"
echo "ALL SET!"
####################################################
# add other!
