storage R&D guy.
全部博文(1000)
分类: 服务器与存储
2014-01-02 08:49:45
功能说明:显示开机信息。
语 法:d [-cn][-s <缓冲区大小>]
补充说明:kernel会将开机信息存储在ring buffer中。您若是开机时来不及查看信息,可利用来查看。开机信息亦保存在/var/log目录中,名称为dmesg的文件里。
参 数:
-c 显示信息后,清除ring buffer中的内容。
-s<缓冲区大小> 预设置为8196,刚好等于ring buffer的大小。
-n 设置记录信息的层级。
扩展阅读一:dmesg主要用途
主要应用:
dmesg用来显示内核环缓冲区(kernel-ring buffer)内容,内核将各种消息存放在这里。在系统引导时,内核将与硬件和模块初始化相关的信息填到这个缓冲区中。内核环缓冲区中的消息对于诊断系统问题 通常非常有用。在运行dmesg时,它显示大量信息。通常通过或使用管道查看dmesg的输出,这样可以更容易找到待查信息。例如,如果发现硬盘性能低下,可以使用dmesg来检查它们是否运行在DMA模式:
$dmesg | grep DMA
...
e0: BM-DMA at 0xf000-0xf007, BIOS tings: hda:DMA, hdb:DMA
ide1: BM-DMA at 0xf008-0xf00f, BIOS settings: hdc:DMA, h:DMA
...
上面几行可以说明每个IDE设备正在什么模式下运行。如果以太网连接出现问题,那么可以在dmesg日志中搜索eth:
$dmesg | grep eth
forcedeth.c: Reverse Engineered nForce
ethernet driver. Version 0.49.
eth0: forcedeth.c: bsystem: 0147b:1c00
bound to 0000:00:04.0
eth0: no IPv6 routers present
如果一切正常,那么dmesg显示每个网卡的硬件配置信息。如果某项系统服务未能得到正确的配置,dmesg日志很快就填满错误消息,这是诊断故障的良好起点。
还可以用来探测系统内核模块的加载情况,比如要检测ACPI的加载情况,使用dmesg | grep ai
dmesg | -i ''(apm|acpi)''
Kernel command line: vga=274 quiet console=ttyS3,9600acpi=no-idleoot=/dev/hda3
ACPI: Core Subsystem version [20010208]
ACPI: Subsystem d
ACPI: System fiware supports: C2
ACPI: plvl2lat=99 plvl3lat=1001
ACPI: C2 enter=1417 C2 it=354
ACPI: C3 enter=-1 C3 exit=-1
ACPI: Not using ACPI idle
ACPI: System firmware supports: S0 S1 S4 S5
扩展阅读二:dmesg命令使用示例
[root@new55 ~]# dmesg >boot.messages
[root@new55 ~]# -l boot.messages
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15838 12-09 12:55 boot.messages
[root@new55 ~]# mail -s "Boot Log of Linux Server" public@web3q.net
[root@new55 ~]#
[root@new55 ~]# -a
Linux new55 2.6.18-194.el5 #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:43 EDT 2010 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
[root@new55 ~]# dmesg | less
Linux version 2.6.18-194.el5 (mockbuild@x86-007.build.bos.redhat.com)
(gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-48)) #1 SMP Tue Mar 16
21:52:43 EDT 2010
BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
BIOS-e820: 0000000000010000 - 000000000009fc00 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000000009fc00 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000000e0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000001f7d0000 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000001f7d0000 - 000000001f7efc00 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 000000001f7efc00 - 000000001f7fb000 (ACPI NVS)
BIOS-e820: 000000001f7fb000 - 000000001f800000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000e0000000 - 00000000f0000000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec02000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fed20000 - 00000000fed9b000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000feda0000 - 00000000fedc0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000ffb00000 - 00000000ffc00000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fff00000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
0MB HIGHMEM available.
503MB LOWMEM available.
Memory for crash kernel (0x0 to 0x0) notwithin permissible range
disabling kmp
Using x86 segment limits to approximate NX protection
On node 0 totalpages: 128976
DMA zone: 4096 pages, LIFO batch:0
Normal zone: 124880 pages, LIFO batch:31
DMI 2.3 present.
Using APIC driver default
ACPI: RSDP (v000 HP ) @ 0x000fe270
ACPI: RSDT (v001 HP 30C4 0x31100620 HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efc84
ACPI: FADT (v002 HP 30C4 0x00000002 HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efc00
ACPI: MADT (v001 HP 30C4 0x00000001 HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efcb8
ACPI: MCFG (v001 HP 30C4 0x00000001 HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efd14
ACPI: SSDT (v001 HP HPQPpc 0x00001001 MSFT 0x0100000e) @ 0x1f7f6698
ACPI: DSDT (v001 HP DAU00 0x00010000 MSFT 0x0100000e) @ 0x00000000
ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x1008
ACPI: Local APIC address 0xfec01000
ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x01] lapic_id[0x00] enabled)
Processor #0 6:13 APIC version 20
ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x01] high edge lint[0x1])
ACPI: IOAPIC (id[0x01] address[0xfec00000] gsi_base[0])
IOAPIC[0]: apic_id 1, version 32, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23
:
[root@new55 ~]# dmesg | tail
Bluetooth: L2CAP ver 2.8
Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized
Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized
Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.8
Bluetooth: HIDP (Human Interface Emulation) ver 1.1
eth0: no IPv6 routers present
Installing knfsd (copyright (C) 1996 okir@monad.swb.de).
NFSD: Using /var/lib/nfs/v4recovery as the NFSv4 e recovery directory
NFSD: starting 90-second grace period
[root@new55 ~]#
[root@new55 ~]# dmesg -c
Linux version 2.6.18-194.el5 (mockbuild@x86-007.build.bos.redhat.com)
(gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-48)) #1 SMP Tue Mar 16
21:52:43 EDT 2010
BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
BIOS-e820: 0000000000010000 - 000000000009fc00 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000000009fc00 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000000e0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000001f7d0000 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000001f7d0000 - 000000001f7efc00 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 000000001f7efc00 - 000000001f7fb000 (ACPI NVS)
BIOS-e820: 000000001f7fb000 - 000000001f800000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000e0000000 - 00000000f0000000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec02000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fed20000 - 00000000fed9b000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000feda0000 - 00000000fedc0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000ffb00000 - 00000000ffc00000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fff00000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
0MB HIGHMEM available.
503MB LOWMEM available.
Memory for crash kernel (0x0 to 0x0) notwithin permissible range
disabling k
Using x86 segment limits to approximate NX protection
On node 0 totalpages: 128976
DMA zone: 4096 pages, LIFO batch:0
Normal zone: 124880 pages, LIFO batch:31
DMI 2.3 present.
省略输出
Bluetooth: HIDP (Human Interface Emulation) ver 1.1
eth0: no IPv6 routers present
Installing knfsd (copyright (C) 1996 okir@monad.swb.de).
NFSD: Using /var/lib/nfs/v4recovery as the NFSv4 state recovery directory
NFSD: starting 90-second grace period
[root@new55 ~]# dmesg
[root@new55 ~]# less /var/log/dmesg
Linux version 2.6.18-194.el5 (mockbuild@x86-007.build.bos.redhat.com)
(gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-48)) #1 SMP Tue Mar 16
21:52:43 EDT 2010
BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
BIOS-e820: 0000000000010000 - 000000000009fc00 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000000009fc00 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000000e0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000001f7d0000 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000001f7d0000 - 000000001f7efc00 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 000000001f7efc00 - 000000001f7fb000 (ACPI NVS)
BIOS-e820: 000000001f7fb000 - 000000001f800000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000e0000000 - 00000000f0000000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec02000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fed20000 - 00000000fed9b000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000feda0000 - 00000000fedc0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000ffb00000 - 00000000ffc00000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fff00000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
0MB HIGHMEM available.
503MB LOWMEM available.
Memory for crash kernel (0x0 to 0x0) notwithin permissible range
disabling kdump
Using x86 segment limits to approximate NX protection
On node 0 totalpages: 128976
DMA zone: 4096 pages, LIFO batch:0
Normal zone: 124880 pages, LIFO batch:31
DMI 2.3 present.
Using APIC driver default
ACPI: RSDP (v000 HP ) @ 0x000fe270
ACPI: RSDT (v001 HP 30C4 0x31100620 HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efc84
ACPI: FADT (v002 HP 30C4 0x00000002 HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efc00
ACPI: MADT (v001 HP 30C4 0x00000001 HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efcb8
ACPI: MCFG (v001 HP 30C4 0x00000001 HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efd14
ACPI: SSDT (v001 HP HPQPpc 0x00001001 MSFT 0x0100000e) @ 0x1f7f6698
ACPI: DSDT (v001 HP DAU00 0x00010000 MSFT 0x0100000e) @ 0x00000000
ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x1008
ACPI: Local APIC address 0xfec01000
ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x01] lapic_id[0x00] enabled)
Processor #0 6:13 APIC version 20
ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x01] high edge lint[0x1])
ACPI: IOAPIC (id[0x01] address[0xfec00000] gsi_base[0])
IOAPIC[0]: apic_id 1, version 32, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23
[root@new55 ~]#