使用io_service作为处理工作的work pool,可以看到,就是通过io_service.post投递一个Handler到io_service的队列,Handler在这个io_service.run内部得到执行,有可能你会发现,io_services.dispatch的接口也和io_service.post一样,但不同的是它是直接调用而不是经过push到队列然后在io_services.run中执行,而在这个示例当中,显然我们需要把工作交到另一个线程去完成,这样才不会影响网络接收线程池的工作以达到高效率的接收数据,这种设计与前面的netsever其实相同,这就是典型的Half Sync/Half Async。二者的区别就是netsever自己实现了工作队列,而不是直接使用io_service,这种设计实际上在win下是使用了iocp作为工作队列。
不过我更倾向于前一种设计,因为那样做,代码一切都在自己的掌握中,而io_service则是经过许多封装代码,并且本身设计只是用于处理网络完成事件的。
无论如何使用,都能感觉到使用boost.asio实现服务器,不仅是一件非常轻松的事,而且代码很漂亮,逻辑也相当清晰,这点上很不同于ACE。
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <cstdlib>
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#include <iostream>
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#include <boost/thread.hpp>
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#include <boost/aligned_storage.hpp>
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#include <boost/array.hpp>
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#include <boost/bind.hpp>
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#include <boost/enable_shared_from_this.hpp>
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#include <boost/noncopyable.hpp>
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#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
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#include <boost/asio.hpp>
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using boost::asio::ip::tcp;
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class handler_allocator
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: private boost::noncopyable
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{
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public:
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handler_allocator()
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: in_use_(false)
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{
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}
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void* allocate(std::size_t size)
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{
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if (!in_use_ && size < storage_.size)
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{
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in_use_ = true;
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return storage_.address();
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}
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else
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{
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return ::operator new(size);
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}
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}
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void deallocate(void* pointer)
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{
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if (pointer == storage_.address())
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{
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in_use_ = false;
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}
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else
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{
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::operator delete(pointer);
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}
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}
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private:
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// Storage space used for handler-based custom memory allocation.
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boost::aligned_storage<1024> storage_;
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// Whether the handler-based custom allocation storage has been used.
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bool in_use_;
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};
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template <typename Handler>
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class custom_alloc_handler
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{
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public:
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custom_alloc_handler(handler_allocator& a, Handler h)
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: allocator_(a),
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handler_(h)
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{
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}
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template <typename Arg1>
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void operator()(Arg1 arg1)
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{
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handler_(arg1);
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}
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template <typename Arg1, typename Arg2>
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void operator()(Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2)
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{
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handler_(arg1, arg2);
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}
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friend void* asio_handler_allocate(std::size_t size,
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custom_alloc_handler<Handler>* this_handler)
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{
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return this_handler->allocator_.allocate(size);
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}
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friend void asio_handler_deallocate(void* pointer, std::size_t /*size*/,
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custom_alloc_handler<Handler>* this_handler)
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{
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this_handler->allocator_.deallocate(pointer);
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}
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private:
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handler_allocator& allocator_;
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Handler handler_;
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};
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// Helper function to wrap a handler object to add custom allocation.
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template <typename Handler>
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inline custom_alloc_handler<Handler> make_custom_alloc_handler(
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handler_allocator& a, Handler h)
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{
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return custom_alloc_handler<Handler>(a, h);
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}
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/// A pool of io_service objects.
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class io_service_pool
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: private boost::noncopyable
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{
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public:
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/// Construct the io_service pool.
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explicit io_service_pool(std::size_t pool_size) : next_io_service_(0)
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{
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if (pool_size == 0)
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throw std::runtime_error("io_service_pool size is 0");
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// Give all the io_services work to do so that their run() functions will not
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// exit until they are explicitly stopped.
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for (std::size_t i = 0; i < pool_size; ++i)
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{
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io_service_ptr io_service(new boost::asio::io_service);
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work_ptr work(new boost::asio::io_service::work(*io_service));
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io_services_.push_back(io_service);
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work_.push_back(work);
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}
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}
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// Run all io_service objects in the pool.
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void run()
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{
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// Create a pool of threads to run all of the io_services.
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std::vector<boost::shared_ptr<boost::thread> > threads;
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for (std::size_t i = 0; i < io_services_.size(); ++i)
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{
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boost::shared_ptr<boost::thread> thread(new boost::thread(
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boost::bind(&boost::asio::io_service::run, io_services_[i])));
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threads.push_back(thread);
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}
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// Wait for all threads in the pool to exit.
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for (std::size_t i = 0; i < threads.size(); ++i)
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threads[i]->join();
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}
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// Stop all io_service objects in the pool.
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void stop()
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{
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// Explicitly stop all io_services.
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for (std::size_t i = 0; i < io_services_.size(); ++i)
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io_services_[i]->stop();
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}
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// Get an io_service to use.
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boost::asio::io_service& get_io_service()
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{
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// Use a round-robin scheme to choose the next io_service to use.
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boost::asio::io_service& io_service = *io_services_[next_io_service_];
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++next_io_service_;
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if (next_io_service_ == io_services_.size())
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next_io_service_ = 0;
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return io_service;
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}
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private:
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typedef boost::shared_ptr<boost::asio::io_service> io_service_ptr;
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typedef boost::shared_ptr<boost::asio::io_service::work> work_ptr;
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/// The pool of io_services.
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std::vector<io_service_ptr> io_services_;
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/// The work that keeps the io_services running.
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std::vector<work_ptr> work_;
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/// The next io_service to use for a connection.
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std::size_t next_io_service_;
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};
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class session
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: public boost::enable_shared_from_this<session>
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{
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public:
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session(boost::asio::io_service& work_service
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, boost::asio::io_service& io_service)
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: socket_(io_service)
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, io_work_service(work_service)
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{
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}
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tcp::socket& socket()
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{
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return socket_;
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}
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void start()
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{
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socket_.async_read_some(boost::asio::buffer(data_),
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make_custom_alloc_handler(allocator_,
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boost::bind(&session::handle_read,
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shared_from_this(),
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boost::asio::placeholders::error,
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boost::asio::placeholders::bytes_transferred)));
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}
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void handle_read(const boost::system::error_code& error,
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size_t bytes_transferred)
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{
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if (!error)
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{
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boost::shared_ptr<std::vector<char> > buf(new std::vector<char>);
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buf->resize(bytes_transferred);
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std::copy(data_.begin(), data_.begin() + bytes_transferred, buf->begin());
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io_work_service.post(boost::bind(&session::on_receive
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, shared_from_this(), buf, bytes_transferred));
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socket_.async_read_some(boost::asio::buffer(data_),
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make_custom_alloc_handler(allocator_,
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boost::bind(&session::handle_read,
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shared_from_this(),
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boost::asio::placeholders::error,
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boost::asio::placeholders::bytes_transferred)));
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}
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}
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void handle_write(const boost::system::error_code& error)
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{
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if (!error)
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{
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}
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}
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void on_receive(boost::shared_ptr<std::vector<char> > buffers
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, size_t bytes_transferred)
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{
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char* data_stream = &(*buffers->begin());
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// in here finish the work.
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std::cout << "receive :" << bytes_transferred << " bytes." <<
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"message :" << data_stream << std::endl;
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}
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private:
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// The io_service used to finish the work.
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boost::asio::io_service& io_work_service;
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// The socket used to communicate with the client.
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tcp::socket socket_;
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// Buffer used to store data received from the client.
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boost::array<char, 1024> data_;
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// The allocator to use for handler-based custom memory allocation.
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handler_allocator allocator_;
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};
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typedef boost::shared_ptr<session> session_ptr;
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class server
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{
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public:
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server(short port, std::size_t io_service_pool_size)
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: io_service_pool_(io_service_pool_size)
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, io_service_work_pool_(io_service_pool_size)
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, acceptor_(io_service_pool_.get_io_service(), tcp::endpoint(tcp::v4(), port))
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{
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session_ptr new_session(new session(io_service_work_pool_.get_io_service()
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, io_service_pool_.get_io_service()));
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acceptor_.async_accept(new_session->socket(),
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boost::bind(&server::handle_accept, this, new_session,
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boost::asio::placeholders::error));
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}
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void handle_accept(session_ptr new_session,
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const boost::system::error_code& error)
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{
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if (!error)
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{
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new_session->start();
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new_session.reset(new session(io_service_work_pool_.get_io_service()
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, io_service_pool_.get_io_service()));
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acceptor_.async_accept(new_session->socket(),
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boost::bind(&server::handle_accept, this, new_session,
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boost::asio::placeholders::error));
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}
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}
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void run()
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{
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io_thread_.reset(new boost::thread(boost::bind(&io_service_pool::run
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, &io_service_pool_)));
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work_thread_.reset(new boost::thread(boost::bind(&io_service_pool::run
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, &io_service_work_pool_)));
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}
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void stop()
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{
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io_service_pool_.stop();
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io_service_work_pool_.stop();
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io_thread_->join();
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work_thread_->join();
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}
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private:
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boost::shared_ptr<boost::thread> io_thread_;
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boost::shared_ptr<boost::thread> work_thread_;
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io_service_pool io_service_pool_;
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io_service_pool io_service_work_pool_;
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tcp::acceptor acceptor_;
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};
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int main(int argc, char* argv[])
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{
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try
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{
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if (argc != 2)
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{
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std::cerr << "Usage: server /n";
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return 1;
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}
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using namespace std; // For atoi.
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server s(atoi(argv[1]), 10);
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s.run();
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getchar();
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s.stop();
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}
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catch (std::exception& e)
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{
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std::cerr << "Exception: " << e.what() << "/n";
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}
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getchar();
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return 0;
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}
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