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分类: Oracle

2008-04-30 23:42:04

如何在Oracle里设置访问多个SQL Server数据库?假设我 们要在ORACLE里同时能访问SQL Server里默认的pubs和Northwind两个数据库。

1、在安装了ORACLE9i Standard Edition或者ORACLE9i Enterprise Edition的windows机器上(IP:192.168.0.2), 产品要选了透明网关(Oracle Transparent Gateway)里访问Microsoft SQL Server数据库
   $ORACLE9I_HOME\tg4msql\admin下新写initpubs.ora和initnorthwind.ora配置文件.
   initpubs.ora内容如下:
   HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO="SERVER=SQLSERVER_HOSTNMAE;DATABASE=pubs"
   HS_DB_NAME=pubs
   HS_FDS_TRACE_LEVEL=OFF
   HS_FDS_RECOVERY_ACCOUNT=RECOVER
   HS_FDS_RECOVERY_PWD=RECOVER
   initnorthwind.ora内容如下:
   HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO="SERVER=sqlserver_hostname;DATABASE=Northwind"
   HS_DB_NAME=Northwind
   HS_FDS_TRACE_LEVEL=OFF
   HS_FDS_RECOVERY_ACCOUNT=RECOVER
   HS_FDS_RECOVERY_PWD=RECOVER

   $ORACLE9I_HOME\network\admin 下listener.ora内容如下:
   LISTENER =
    (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
     (ADDRESS_LIST =
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    )
    )

   SID_LIST_LISTENER =
    (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
    (GLOBAL_DBNAME = test9)
    (ORACLE_HOME = d:\oracle\ora92)
    (SID_NAME = test9)
   )
    (SID_DESC=
    (SID_NAME=pubs)
    (ORACLE_HOME=d:\Oracle\Ora92)
    (PROGRAM=tg4msql)
    )
    (SID_DESC=
    (SID_NAME=northwind)
    (ORACLE_HOME=d:\Oracle\Ora92)
   (PROGRAM=tg4msql)
     )
    )

   重启动这台做gateway的windows机器上(IP:192.168.0.2)TNSListener服务.

   (凡是按此步骤新增可访问的SQL Server数据库时,TNSListener服务都要重启动)


2、ORACLE8I,ORACLE9I的服务器端配置tnsnames.ora, 添加下面的内容:
   pubs =
    (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)(PORT = 1521))
     )
     (CONNECT_DATA =
     (SID = pubs)
     )
     (HS = pubs)
    )

   northwind =
    (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)(PORT = 1521))
     )
     (CONNECT_DATA =
     (SID = northwind)
     )
     (HS = northwind)
    ) 
   保存tnsnames.ora后,在命令行下
   tnsping pubs
   tnsping northwind

   出现类似提示,即为成功

   Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST =
   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)
   (PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = pubs)) (HS = pubs))

   OK(20毫秒)
   Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST =
   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)
   (PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = northwind)) (HS = northwind))
   OK(20毫秒)

   设置数据库参数global_names=false。

   设置global_names=false不要求建立的数据库链接和目的数据库的全局名称一致。global_names=true则要求, 多少有些不方便。

   oracle9i和oracle8i都可以在DBA用户下用SQL命令改变global_names参数

   alter system set global_names=false;

   建立公有的数据库链接:

   create public database link pubs
   connect to testuser identified by testuser_pwd using ’pubs’;
   create public database link northwind
   connect to testuser identified by testuser_pwd using ’northwind’;
   (假设SQL Server下pubs和northwind已有足够权限的用户登陆testuser,
   密码为testuser_pwd)

   访问SQL Server下数据库里的数据:

   select * from stores@pubs;
   ...... ......
   select * from region@northwind;
   ...... ......

3、使用时的注意事项
   ORACLE通过访问SQL Server的数据库链接时,用select * 的时候字段名是用双引号引起来的。

   例如:

   create table stores as select * from stores@pubs;
   select zip from stores;
   ERROR 位于第 1 行:
   ORA-00904: 无效列名
   select "zip" from stores;
   zip
   -----
   98056
   92789
   96745
   98014
   90019
   89076

   已选择6行。

   用SQL Navigator或Toad看从SQL Server转移到ORACLE里的表的建表语句为:

   CREATE TABLE stores
     ("stor_id"           CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
     "stor_name"          VARCHAR2(40),
     "stor_address"         VARCHAR2(40),
     "city"             VARCHAR2(20),
     "state"            CHAR(2),
     "zip"             CHAR(5))
    PCTFREE   10
    PCTUSED   40
    INITRANS  1
    MAXTRANS  255
    TABLESPACE users
    STORAGE  (
     INITIAL   131072
     NEXT    131072
     PCTINCREASE 0
     MINEXTENTS 1
     MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
    )
   /

总结:
   WINDOWS下ORACLE9i网关服务器在$ORACLE9I_HOME\tg4msql\admin目录下的initsqlserver_databaseid.ora

   WINDOWS下ORACLE9i网关服务器listener.ora里面

   (SID_DESC=
     (SID_NAME=sqlserver_databaseid)
      (ORACLE_HOME=d:\Oracle\Ora92)
      (PROGRAM=tg4msql)    )
    UNIX或WINDOWS下ORACLE8I,ORACLE9I服务器tnsnames.ora里面
   northwind =
     (DESCRIPTION =
   (ADDRESS_LIST =
   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)(PORT = 1521))
      )
   (CONNECT_DATA =
   (SID = sqlserver_databaseid)
     )
   (HS = sqlserver_databaseid)
      )

   sqlserver_databaseid一致才行.

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