依据INSTALL-BINARY安装向导文件：一步一步演示免编译安装Mysql 5.1数据库

获得软件包：

Mysql – 5 .1.36.linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz

 

解开源代码：

tar  -vxzf mysql-5.1.36.linux-i686-glibc.tar.gz

 

进入安装目录：

 

红色框的INSTALL-BINARY是安装向导，按照这个向导来一步一步安装

 进入向导INSTALL-BINARY:

 2.9. Installing MySQL from tar.gz Packages on Other Unix-Like Systems

    This section covers the installation of MySQL binary distributions

   that are provided for various platforms in the form of compressed

   tar files (files with a .tar.gz extension). See Section 2.1.2.4,

   "MySQL Binaries Compiled by Sun Microsystems, Inc.," for a

   detailed list.

To obtain MySQL, see Section 2.1.3, "How to Get MySQL."

MySQL tar file binary distributions have names of the form

   mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz, where VERSION is a number (for example,

   5.1.36), and OS indicates the type of operating system for which

   the distribution is intended (for example, pc-linux-i686).

 

   In addition to these generic packages, we also offer binaries in

   platform-specific package formats for selected platforms. See

   Section 2.2, "Standard MySQL Installation Using a Binary

   Distribution," for more information on how to install these.

   You need the following tools to install a MySQL tar file binary

   distribution:

* GNU gunzip to uncompress the distribution.

* A reasonable tar to unpack the distribution. GNU tar is known

    to work. Some operating systems come with a preinstalled

    version of tar that is known to have problems. For example,

    the tar provided with early versions of Mac OS X, SunOS 4.x

    and Solaris 8 and earlier are known to have problems with long

    file names. On Mac OS X, you can use the preinstalled gnutar

    program. On other systems with a deficient tar, you should

    install GNU tar first.

上面这段英文主要是说明不同的系统安装mysql的情况，已经一些工具的使用，安装包的格式等等，不是本文的重点。

 

   If you run into problems and need to file a bug report, please use

   the instructions in Section 1.6, "How to Report Bugs or Problems."

 The basic commands that you must execute to install and use a

   MySQL binary distribution are:

shell> groupadd mysql

shell> useradd -g mysql mysql

shell> cd /usr/local

shell> gunzip < /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf -

shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql

shell> cd mysql

shell> chown -R mysql .

shell> chgrp -R mysql .

shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

shell> chown -R root .

shell> chown -R mysql data

shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

上面部分是安装mysql的安装步骤，下面是详细说明，一步一步来安装：

 

Note

This procedure does not set up any passwords for MySQL accounts.

After following the procedure, proceed to Section 2.11,

   "Post-Installation Setup and Testing."

A more detailed version of the preceding description for installing a binary distribution follows:

我们开始安装mysql数据库：

    1. Add a login user and group for mysqld to run as:

第一步：先建立mysql组和mysql用户

shell> groupadd mysql

shell> useradd -g mysql mysql

       These commands add the mysql group and the mysql user. The

       syntax for useradd and groupadd may differ slightly on

       different versions of Unix, or they may have different names

       such as adduser and addgroup.

       You might want to call the user and group something else

       instead of mysql. If so, substitute the appropriate name in

       the following steps.

上面的这段英文说明了useradd,adduser,groupadd,addgroup指令存在于不同版本的linux系统里面，一般是命名为mysql，但也可以起别的名字。

 

    2. Pick the directory under which you want to unpack the

       distribution and change location into it. In the following

       example, we unpack the distribution under /usr/local. (The

       instructions, therefore, assume that you have permission to

       create files and directories in /usr/local. If that directory

       is protected, you must perform the installation as root.)

第二步：把源代码包放置在/usr/local/目录下

 

shell> cd /usr/local

3. Obtain a distribution file using the instructions in Section

       2.1.3, "How to Get MySQL." For a given release, binary

       distributions for all platforms are built from the same MySQL

       source distribution.

 

第三步：解压源码包，并建立链接

    4. Unpack the distribution, which creates the installation

       directory. Then create a symbolic link to that directory:

 

shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz

shell>ln-sfull-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OSmysql

 The tar command creates a directory named mysql-VERSION-OS.

       The ln command makes a symbolic link to that directory. This

       lets you refer more easily to the installation directory as

       /usr/local/mysql.

       With GNU tar, no separate invocation of gunzip is necessary.

       You can replace the first line with the following alternative

       command to uncompress and extract the distribution:

 

第四步：进入mysql目录，请看bin目录下的执行文件

    5. Change location into the installation directory:

shell> cd mysql

 You will find several files and subdirectories in the mysql directory. The most important for installation purposes are the bin and scripts subdirectories.

 + The bin directory contains client programs and the server. You should add the full path name of this directory to your PATH environment variable so that your shell finds the MySQL programs properly. See Section2.14, "Environment Variables."

 + The scripts directory contains the mysql_install_db script used to initialize the mysql database containingthe grant tables that store the server access permissions.

设置mysql执行文件的环境变量，已经使用mysql_install_db脚本来初始化mysql数据库.

 

第五步：赋予mysql权限

6. Ensure that the distribution contents are accessible to mysql.

 If you unpacked the distribution as mysql, no further action

 is required. If you unpacked the distribution as root, its

  contents will be owned by root. Change its ownership to mysql

  by executing the following commands as root in the

  installation directory:

shell> chown -R mysql .

shell> chgrp -R mysql .

 The first command changes the owner attribute of the files to

 the mysql user. The second changes the group attribute to the

 mysql group.

 

第六步：初始化数据库环境

  7. If you have not installed MySQL before, you must create the

       MySQL data directory and initialize the grant tables:

 

shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

       If you run the command as root, include the --user option as

       shown. If you run the command while logged in as that user,

       you can omit the --user option.

       The command should create the data directory and its contentswith mysql as the owner.After creating or updating the grant tables, you need torestart the server manually.

 

第七步：修改root，mysql相应权限

8. Most of the MySQL installation can be owned by root if you

  like. The exception is that the data directory must be owned

  by mysql. To accomplish this, run the following commands as

  root in the installation directory:

八步：设置开机自动启动mysql服务

 9. If you want MySQL to start automatically when you boot your

       machine, you can copy support-files/mysql.server to the

       location where your system has its startup files. More

       information can be found in the support-files/mysql.server

       script itself and in Section 2.11.2.2, "Starting and Stopping

       MySQL Automatically."

     编辑/etc/rc.d/rc.local文件

 

第九步：设置一个新的账号用于perl_modules(暂略过)

   10. You can set up new accounts using the bin/mysql_setpermission

       script if you install the DBI and DBD::mysql Perl modules. See

       Section 4.6.14, "mysql_setpermission --- Interactively Set

       Permissions in Grant Tables." For Perl module installation

       instructions, see Section 2.15, "Perl Installation Notes."

 

第十步：启动mysql服务器

   11. If you would like to use mysqlaccess and have the MySQL

    distribution in some nonstandard location, you must change the

   location where mysqlaccess expects to find the mysql client.

    Edit the bin/mysqlaccess script at approximately line 18.

   Search for a line that looks like this:

$MYSQL   = '/usr/local/bin/mysql';    # path to mysql executable

       Change the path to reflect the location where mysql actually

       is stored on your system. If you do not do this, a Broken pipe

       error will occur when you run mysqlaccess.

After everything has been unpacked and installed, you should test

your distribution. To start the MySQL server, use the following

command:

shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

 

   If you run the command as root, you must use the --user option as

   shown. The value of the option is the name of the login account

   that you created in the first step to use for running the server.

   If you run the command while logged in as mysql, you can omit the

   --user option.

 

   If the command fails immediately and prints mysqld ended, you can

   find some information in the host_name.err file in the data

   directory.

 More information about mysqld_safe is given in Section 4.3.2,

   "mysqld_safe --- MySQL Server Startup Script."

Note

 The accounts that are listed in the MySQL grant tables initially

   have no passwords. After starting the server, you should set up

   passwords for them using the instructions in Section 2.11,

   "Post-Installation Setup and Testing."

 

第十一步：进入mysql数据库

./mysql  -u  root  -p

Password:     //////初始密码为空

以上即是安装mysql 5.1数据库完整过程