//创建一个控制文件命令到跟踪文件
alter database backup controlfile to trace;
//增加一个新的日志文件组的语句
connect internal as sysdba
alter database
add logfile group 4
(’/db01/oracle/CC1/log_1c.dbf’,
’/db02/oracle/CC1/log_2c.dbf’) size 5M;
alter database
add logfile member ’/db03/oracle/CC1/log_3c.dbf’
to group 4; //在Server Manager上MOUNT并打开一个数据库:
connect internal as sysdba
startup mount ORA1 exclusive;
alter database open;
//生成数据字典
@catalog
@catproc
//在init.ora 中备份数据库的位置
log_archive_dest_1 = ’/db00/arch’
log_archive_dest_state_1 = enable
log_archive_dest_2 = "service=stby.world mandatory reopen=60"
log_archive_dest_state_2 = enable //对用户的表空间的指定和管理相关的语句
create user USERNAME identified by PASSWORD
default tablespace TABLESPACE_NAME;
alter user USERNAME default tablespace TABLESPACE_NAME;
alter user SYSTEM quota 0 on SYSTEM;
alter user SYSTEM quota 50M on TOOLS;
create user USERNAME identified by PASSWORD
default tablespace DATA
temporary tablespace TEMP;
alter user USERNAME temporary tablespace TEMP;
//重新指定一个数据文件的大小 :
alter database
datafile ’/db05/oracle/CC1/data01.dbf’ resize 200M;
//创建一个自动扩展的数据文件:
create tablespace DATA
datafile ’/db05/oracle/CC1/data01.dbf’ size 200M
autoextend ON
next 10M
maxsize 250M;
//在表空间上增加一个自动扩展的数据文件:
alter tablespace DATA
add datafile ’/db05/oracle/CC1/data02.dbf’
size 50M
autoextend ON
maxsize 300M;
//修改参数:
alter database
datafile ’/db05/oracle/CC1/data01.dbf’
autoextend ON
maxsize 300M;
//在数据文件移动期间重新命名:
alter database rename file
’/db01/oracle/CC1/data01.dbf’ to
’/db02/oracle/CC1/data01.dbf’;
alter tablespace DATA rename datafile
’/db01/oracle/CC1/data01.dbf’ to
’/db02/oracle/CC1/data01.dbf’;
alter database rename file
’/db05/oracle/CC1/redo01CC1.dbf’ to
’/db02/oracle/CC1/redo01CC1.dbf’;
alter database datafile ’/db05/oracle/CC1/data01.dbf’
resize 80M;
//创建和使用角色:
create role APPLICATION_USER;
grant CREATE SESSION to APPLICATION_USER;
grant APPLICATION_USER to username;
alter rollback segment SEGMENT_NAME online; //回滚段上指定事务
commit;
set transaction use rollback segment ROLL_BATCH;
insert into TABLE_NAME
select * from DATA_LOAD_TABLE;
commit;
//查询回滚段的大小和优化参数
select * from DBA_SEGMENTS
where Segment_Type = ’ROLLBACK’;
select N.Name, /* rollback segment name */
S.OptSize /* rollback segment OPTIMAL size */
from V$ROLLNAME N, V$ROLLSTAT S
where N.USN=S.USN;
//回收回滚段
alter rollback segment R1 shrink to 15M;
alter rollback segment R1 shrink;
//例子
set transaction use rollback segment SEGMENT_NAME
alter tablespace RBS
default storage
(initial 125K next 125K minextents 18 maxextents 249)
select Sessions_Highwater from V$LICENSE;
grant select on EMPLOYEE to PUBLIC;
//用户和角色
create role ACCOUNT_CREATOR;
grant CREATE SESSION, CREATE USER, ALTER USER
to ACCOUNT_CREATOR;
alter user THUMPER default role NONE;
alter user THUMPER default role CONNECT;
alter user THUMPER default role all except ACCOUNT_CREATOR;
alter profile DEFAULT
limit idle_time 60;
create profile LIMITED_PROFILE limit
FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS 5;
create user JANE identified by EYRE
profile LIMITED_PROFILE;
grant CREATE SESSION to JANE;
alter user JANE account unlock;
alter user JANE account lock;
alter profile LIMITED_PROFILE limit
PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 30;
alter user jane password expire;
//创建操作系统用户
REM Creating OPS$ accounts
create user OPS$FARMER
identified by SOME_PASSWORD
default tablespace USERS
temporary tablespace TEMP;
REM Using identified externally
create user OPS$FARMER
identified externally
default tablespace USERS
temporary tablespace TEMP;
create role APPLICATION_USER;
grant CREATE SESSION to APPLICATION_USER;
create role DATA_ENTRY_CLERK;
grant select, insert on THUMPER.EMPLOYEE to DATA_ENTRY_CLERK;
grant select, insert on THUMPER.TIME_CARDS to DATA_ENTRY_CLERK;
grant select, insert on THUMPER.DEPARTMENT to DATA_ENTRY_CLERK;
grant APPLICATION_USER to DATA_ENTRY_CLERK;
grant DATA_ENTRY_CLERK to MCGREGOR;
grant DATA_ENTRY_CLERK to BPOTTER with admin option;
//设置角色
set role DATA_ENTRY_CLERK;
set role NONE;
//回收权利:
revoke delete on EMPLOYEE from PETER;
revoke all on EMPLOYEE from MCGREGOR;
//回收角色:
revoke ACCOUNT_CREATOR from HELPDESK;
drop user USERNAME cascade;
grant SELECT on EMPLOYEE to MCGREGOR with grant option;
grant SELECT on THUMPER.EMPLOYEE to BPOTTER with grant option;
revoke SELECT on EMPLOYEE from MCGREGOR;
create user MCGREGOR identified by VALUES ’1A2DD3CCEE354DFA’;
alter user OPS$FARMER identified by VALUES ’no way’;
//使用操作系统备份命令
REM TAR examples
tar -cvf /dev/rmt/0hc /db0[1-9]/oracle/CC1
tar -rvf /dev/rmt/0hc /orasw/app/oracle/CC1/pfile/initcc1.ora
tar -rvf /dev/rmt/0hc /db0[1-9]/oracle/CC1 /orasw/app/oracle/CC1/pfile/initcc1.ora
//离线备份的shell脚本
ORACLE_SID=cc1; export ORACLE_SID
ORAENV_ASK=NO; export ORAENV_ASK
. oraenv
svrmgrl <
connect internal as sysdba
shutdown immediate;
exit
EOF1
insert backup commands like the "tar" commands here
svrmgrl <
connect internal as sysdba
startup
EOF2
//在Server Manager上设置为archivelog mode:
connect internal as sysdba
startup mount cc1;
alter database archivelog;
archive log start;
alter database open;
//在Server Manager上设置为archivelog mode:
connect internal as sysdba
startup mount cc1;
alter database noarchivelog;
alter database open;
select Name,
Value
from V$PARAMETER
where Name like ’log_archive%’;
//联机备份的脚本
#
# Sample Hot Backup Script for a UNIX File System database
#
# Set up environment variables:
ORACLE_SID=cc1; export ORACLE_SID
ORAENV_ASK=NO; export ORAENV_ASK
. oraenv
svrmgrl <
connect internal as sysdba
REM
REM 备份 SYSTEM tablespace
REM
alter tablespace SYSTEM begin backup;
!tar -cvf /dev/rmt/0hc /db01/oracle/CC1/sys01.dbf
alter tablespace SYSTEM end backup;
REM
REM The SYSTEM tablespace has now been written to a
REM tar saveset on the tape device /dev/rmt/0hc. The
REM rest of the tars must use the "-rvf" clause to append
REM to that saveset.
REM
REM 备份 RBS tablespace
REM
alter tablespace RBS begin backup;
!tar -rvf /dev/rmt/0hc /db02/oracle/CC1/rbs01.dbf
alter tablespace RBS end backup;
REM
REM 备份 DATA tablespace
REM For the purposes of this example, this tablespace
REM will contain two files, data01.dbf and data02.dbf.
REM The * wildcard will be used in the filename.
REM
alter tablespace DATA begin backup;
!tar -rvf /dev/rmt/0hc /db03/oracle/CC1/data0*.dbf
alter tablespace DATA end backup;
REM
REM 备份 INDEXES tablespace
REM
alter tablespace INDEXES begin backup;
!tar -rvf /dev/rmt/0hc /db04/oracle/CC1/indexes01.dbf
alter tablespace INDEXES end backup;
REM
REM 备份 TEMP tablespace
REM
alter tablespace TEMP begin backup;
!tar -rvf /dev/rmt/0hc /db05/oracle/CC1/temp01.dbf
alter tablespace TEMP end backup;
REM
REM Follow the same pattern to back up the rest
REM of the tablespaces.
REM
REM
REM Step 2. 备份归档日志文件.
archive log stop
REM
REM Exit Server Manager, using the indicator set earlier.
exit
EOFarch1
#
# Record which files are in the destination directory.
# Do this by setting an environment variable that is
# equal to the directory listing for the destination
# directory.
# For this example, the log_archive_dest is
# /db01/oracle/arch/CC1.
#
FILES=`ls /db01/oracle/arch/CC1/arch*.dbf`; export FILES
#
# Now go back into Server Manager and restart the
# archiving process. Set an indicator (called EOFarch2
# in this example).
#
svrmgrl <
connect internal
archive log start;