分类: LINUX
2012-11-06 16:08:52
lsof 命令详解
lsof命令的原始功能是列出打开的文件的进程,但LINUX下,所有的设备都是以文件的行式存在的,
所以一般root用户才能执行lsof命令,普通用户可以看见/usr/sbin/lsof命令,
但是普通用户执行会显示“permission denied”;总结一下lsof指令的用法:
lsof abc.txt 显示开启文件abc.txt的进程
lsof -i :22 知道22端口现在运行什么程序
lsof -c abc 显示abc进程现在打开的文件
lsof -g gid 显示归属gid的进程情况
lsof +d /usr/local/ 显示目录下被进程开启的文件
lsof +D /usr/local/ 同上,但是会搜索目录下的目录,时间较长
lsof -d 4 显示使用fd为4的进程
lsof -i 用以显示符合条件的进程情况
语法: lsof -i[46] [@hostname|hostaddr][:service|port]
46 --> IPv4 or IPv6
protocol --> TCP or UDP
hostname --> Internet host name
hostaddr --> IPv4位置
service --> /etc/service中的 service name (可以不只一个)
port --> 端口号 (可以不只一个)
例子: TCP:25 - TCP and port 25
@1.2.3.4 - Internet IPv4 host address 1.2.3.4
tcp@ohaha.ks.edu.tw:ftp - TCP protocol hosthaha.ks.edu.tw service name:ftp
lsof -n 不将IP转换为hostname,缺省是不加上-n参数
例子: lsof -i tcp@ohaha.ks.edu.tw:ftp -n
lsof -p 12 看进程号为12的进程打开了哪些文件
lsof +|-r 控制lsof不断重复执行,缺省是15s刷新
-r,lsof会永远不断的执行,直到收到中断信号
+r,lsof会一直执行,直到没有档案被显示
例子:不断查看目前ftp连接的情况:lsof -i tcp@ohaha.ks.edu.tw:ftp -r
lsof -s 列出打开文件的大小,如果没有大小,则留下空白
lsof -u username 以UID,列出打开的文件
[root@tcx160 FILES]# lsof -i tcp:22
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE NODE NAME
sshd 3261 root 3u IPv6 7301 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 19692 root 3u IPv6 348642 TCP 9.186.96.160:ssh->9.186.96.117:32914 (ESTABLISHED)
[root@localhost ~]# lsof -i tcp:8282 -------------------smb使用端口实际的例子
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE NODE NAME
sshd 2116 root 3u IPv6 5142 TCP *:8282 (LISTEN)
sshd 4304 root 3u IPv6 11728 TCP 192.168.210.234:8282->192.168.210.161:1469 (ESTABLISHED)
[root@localhost ~]# lsof --help
lsof: illegal option character: -
lsof: illegal option character: e
lsof: no process ID specified
lsof 4.72
latest revision: ftp://lsof.itap.purdue.edu/pub/tools/unix/lsof/
latest FAQ: ftp://lsof.itap.purdue.edu/pub/tools/unix/lsof/FAQ
latest man page: ftp://lsof.itap.purdue.edu/pub/tools/unix/lsof/lsof_man
usage: [-?abhlnNoOPRstUvV] [+|-c c] [+|-d s] [+D D] [+|-f]
[-F ] [-g ] [-i ] [+|-L ] [+m ] [+|-M] [-o ]
[-p s] [+|-r ] [-S ] [-T ] [-u s] [+|-w] [-x ] [--]
Defaults in parentheses; comma-separate set (s) items; dash-separate ranges.
-?|-h list help -a AND selections (OR) -b avoid kernel blocks
-c c cmd c, /c/ +c w COMMAND width (9)
+d s dir s files -d s select by FD set +D D dir D tree *SLOW?*
-i select IPv[46] files -l list UID numbers
-n no host names -N select NFS files -o list file offset
-O avoid overhead *RISK -P no port names -R list paRent PID
-s list file size -t terse listing -T disable TCP/TPI info
-U select Unix socket -v list version info -V verbose search
+|-w Warnings (+) -- end option scan
+f|-f +filesystem or -file names
-F select fields; -F? for help
+|-L list (+) suppress (-) link counts < l (0 = all; default = 0)
+m use|create mount supplement
+|-M portMap registration (-) -o o o 0t offset digits (8)
-p s select by PID set -S t second stat timeout (15)
-T qs TCP/TPI Q,St (s) info
-g select by process group ID set and print process group IDs
-i i select by IPv[46] address: [46][@host|addr][:svc_list|port_list]
+|-r repeat every t seconds (15); + until no files, - forever
-u s exclude(^)|select login|UID set s
-x cross over +d|+D File systems or symbolic Links
names select named files or files on named file systems
Anyone can list all files; /dev warnings disabled; kernel ID check disabled.