分类: LINUX
2009-12-14 21:34:06
写了这么多篇的安装教程之后,终于要开始介绍Ubuntu 8.10的基本配置了。既然你已经开始阅读本文,那么你一定已经把Ubuntu 8.10安装好了。启动进入Ubuntu 8.10,和我一起对Ubuntu进行简单的配置,让它更好用。
基本配置篇主要介绍如下几点:
配置联网
配置软件源
安装中文语言支持
NTFS卷的自动挂载
配置桌面图标
配置联网
假如你在安装过程中没有连接到网络,当你第一次启动进入Ubuntu的时候,你可能会看到如下提示,告知你系统语言支持不完整:
也许你此时尚未配置好联网,因此,你可能暂时不能处理这个问题。因此先点击“Close”关闭对话框。我们回头再来处理。
Ubuntu 8.10的网络配置功能得到了很大的增强。之前一直被人所诟病的pppoeconf也终于有了图形界面配置程序。右键点击Gnome上面板上的网络连接图标,选择“编辑连接”。
这时,网络连接配置对话框打开。你能看到各种接入方式的配置标签。
这里我们以配置ADSL为例做演示。选择DSL标签,点击“添加”(或“Add”)按钮。这时可以看到ADSL的配置对话框。你只需输入你自己的帐号,就能进行拨号了。
咦,在哪里拨号?别急。左键点击Gnome上方面板右侧托盘里的网络图标,是不是发现我们刚才新建的ADSL链接已经有了呢?你只需选中它就能开始拨号。【我没有这么幸福有ADSL用,所以无法测试。以上只是一个简单的演示,请根据实际情况进行配置。】
Ubuntu 8.10的这项小改进,让普通用户离命令行又远了一点。
配置软件源
软件源的配置有两种方法,一是用系统自带的软件源配置工具。但是这种方法实在是不好用——虽然是图形界面的,但是非常的不好用。我自己都不用这种方法。你可以通过“系统” - “系统治理” - “软件源”找到这个工具。
另一种方法是直接编辑/etc/apt/sources.list文件。我接下来就要介绍这种方法。虽然有点“返璞归真”,违反了“零命令”的承诺,但是这种方法快速高效,实际上也无需任何非凡技术就能做到。
首先,按下Alt-F2
deb intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# Mirrors.shlug.org更新服务器(电信服务器,Ubuntu China Official Mirror, maintained by Shanghai Linux User Group)
deb intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# Mirror.lupaworld.com更新服务器(浙江省杭州市双线服务器)
deb intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# 厦门大学更新服务器(教育网服务器)
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# 成都市 电子科技大学更新服务器(教育网,推荐校园网和网通用户使用,通常较快)
deb intrepid main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-updates main multiverse restricted universe
# 假如无法解析uestc.edu.cn域名,请使用以下地址
deb intrepid main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-updates main multiverse restricted universe
# 上海市上海交通大学更新服务器(教育网,推荐校园网和网通用户使用,这个通常很快)
deb intrepid main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-updates main multiverse restricted universe
# 中国科学技术大学更新服务器(教育网,推荐校园网和网通用户使用 )
deb intrepid main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-updates main multiverse restricted universe
# 中国台湾 台湾大学更新服务器(推荐网通用户使用,电信PING平均响应速度41MS。强烈推荐此源,比较完整,较少出现同步问题)
deb intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# mirror.rootguide.org更新服务器(上海市 电信)
deb intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# 台湾的官方源速度也相当不错,有时甚至快于内地的
deb intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
因为各个源的速度不一,因此请选择比较快的源。【怎么选择?试一下就知道了。】你也不要贪多,一次把所有的源都加入进去。源太多了,每次更新源会慢的要命,而且升级程序也不会自动选择速度快的源,所以,加入一到两个快速源就足够了。
保存并关闭。打开“系统” - “系统治理” - “更新治理器”,更新软件源,并升级系统。
点击“Check”检查并安装更新。
安装完更新之后,假如系统提示你重启,你可以重启,也可以暂时不要重启,等配置完毕后再重启。
安装中文语言支持
好了,把网络和软件源配置完毕之后,就可以开始安装语言支持了。安装语言支持也很简单,打开“系统” - “系统治理” - “语言支持”。
这时你可能看到一个对话框,提示你语言支持不完整,是否安装,选择“安装”。
安装完毕后,中文支持是加上还是没有好,在语言支持列表中选中“汉语”和“英语”。点击“OK”确认操作。
点击Gnome面板上的蓝色重启提示,重启系统。
重新登陆后,新的语言设置已经被应用到系统中了。
NTFS卷的自动挂载
Ubuntu不会自动挂载NTFS格式的分区。假如你的系统里有NTFS卷,每次重启都得重新挂载一遍着实非常麻烦。
解决方法很简单。打开“系统” - “系统治理” - “新立得软件包治理器”,搜索ntfs-config。右键点击,选择“标记以便安装”
安装完毕后,打开“应用程序” - “系统工具” - “NTFS写入支持配置程序”:
程序启动后,就会找到未挂载的分区,选中它:
然后,出现配置对话框,勾上对内部设备的写支持和对外部设备的写支持,点击确定:
这样,以后就无需手动挂载NTFS分区了。
配置桌面图标
默认情况下,桌面上是没有任何图标的,挂载的卷会自动出现在桌面上。你可以通过如下方法配置。Alt-F2打开“运行应用程序”对话框:
(这里加一句用gconf-editor命令打开配置编辑器)
配置编辑器启动。这个程序看起来很像Windows下的注册表编辑器。在左侧的树状结构中找到如下分支:/apps/nautilus/desktop/下。然后根据你自己的需要勾选显示在桌面上的项目:computer_icon_visible(图标可见)、home_icon_visible(家目录图标可见)、networkwork_icon_visible(网络服务器图标可见)、trash_icon_visible(回收站图标可见)和volumns_visible(磁盘图标可见)。
好了,关于系统微调大致就介绍这么多。关于如何将Ubuntu“武装”成一个多才多艺的OS的内容,将在本系列最后一篇文章“常用软件篇”中介绍。
【好吧,我知道你也许已经碰到了这样那样希奇的问题,但是很遗憾,我无法在这里一一为你解答。请通过评论或去发贴描述你所碰到的问题,我会尽我所能协助你解决问题的。】