网上大多数关于YUV420的资料都是关于YUV420P的,很少有YUV420SP的,因为YUV420SP的UV是交错存放的,处理起来相对麻烦点,但是YUV420SP也是一种常见格式,因此,在这里,我将关于YUV420SP格式数据的处理总结下,方便有需要的同志。
一、YUV420格式数据介绍
YUV,分为三个分量,“Y”表示明亮度,也就是灰度值;“U"和”V"表示的则是色度,作用是描述影像色彩饱和度,用于指定像素的颜色。YUV主流的采样方式有三种:YUV4:4:4,YUV4:2:2,YUV4:2:0,这里主要介绍下YUV420。
在YUV420中,一个像素点对应一个Y,一个2X2的小方块对应一个U和V。对于所有YUV420图像,它们的Y值排列是完全相同的,因为只有Y的图像就是灰度图像。YUV420又分为YUV420SP与YUV420P这两种,这两种格式的Y分布是相同的,区别在于UV:YUV420p它是先把U存放完后,再存放V,也就是说UV它们是连续的;而YUV420sp它是UV、UV这样交替存放的。(他们的内存分布图如下,左是YUV420sp,右是YUV420p)
二、从YUV内存中取数据组方法
注意YUV是每四个Y对应一个UV,并且YUV420P和YUV420SP的UV的存放格式不同,取法也不同,总的来说,YUV420P的取法简单,YUV420SP的取法相对复杂点。
1、YUV420SP
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for(int j=0;j
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{
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for(int i=0;i
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{
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y=ybase[i + j * DataWidth];
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u=ubase[j/2 * DataWidth+(i/2)*2];
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v=ubase[j/2 * DataWidth+(i/2)*2+1];
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}
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}
2、YUV420P
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for(int j=0;j
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{
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for(int i=0;i
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{
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y=ybase[i + j * DataWidth];
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u=ubase[j/2 * DataWidth/2+(i/2)];
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v=vbase[j/2 * DataWidth/2+(i/2)];
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}
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}
上面代码里,ybase就是YUV中Y的起始地址,ubase就是u的起始地址,vbase就是v的起始地址。而YUV420SP格式中,V就是U的地址加一;YUV420P中U和V都是连续的。按照上面方法,我们就可以得到每一组YUV数据,然后自己可以将每一组数据保存下来,再进行处理。
三、YUV420转换为RGB数据
1、转换公式
R=Y+1.4075*(V-128)
G=Y-0.3455*(U-128) – 0.7169*(V-128)
B=Y+1.779*(U-128)
2.转换方法
YUV420SP
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for(int j=0;j
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{
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for(int i=0;i
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{
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unsigned char r,g,b;
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y=ybase[i + j * DataWidth];
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u=ubase[j/2 * DataWidth+(i/2)*2];
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v=ubase[j/2 * DataWidth+(i/2)*2+1];
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b=(unsigned char)(y+1.779*(u- 128));
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g=(unsigned char)(y-0.7169*(v - 128)-0.3455*(u - 128));
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r=(unsigned char)(y+ 1.4075*(v - 128));*/
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}
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}
YUV420P
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for(int j=0;j
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{
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for(int i=0;i
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{
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unsigned char r,g,b;
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y=ybase[i + j * DataWidth];
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u=ubase[j/2 * DataWidth/2+(i/2)];
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v=vbase[j/2 * DataWidth/2+(i/2)];
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b=(unsigned char)(y+1.779*(u- 128));
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g=(unsigned char)(y-0.7169*(v - 128)-0.3455*(u - 128));
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r=(unsigned char)(y+ 1.4075*(v - 128));*/
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}
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}
四、RGB数据存储为图片
注意rgb数据存储为bmp和jpg时的不同,将RBG数据存储为bmp时,数据是逆序存放,并且不是rgb,而是bgr;当将rgb数据存储为jpg时,则不用,不用逆序,数据也还是rgb。
1、存储为BMP图片
请看另一篇博客,RGB TO BMP
2、存储为JPG图片
存储为JPG图片要用到一个开运库,libjpeg,或者libjpeg-turbo,我用的是libjpeg,网上关于这两个开源库的资料很多,可以从这个下载编译好的包,LIBJPEG包
封装的存储方法如下:
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int rgb2jpeg(const char * filename, unsigned char* rgbData,int image_width,int image_height,int quality)
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{
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struct jpeg_compress_struct jpeg;
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struct jpeg_error_mgr jerr;
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jpeg.err = jpeg_std_error(&jerr);
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jpeg_create_compress(&jpeg);
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FILE* pFile;
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fopen_s(&pFile,filename,"wb" );
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if( !pFile ) return 0;
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jpeg_stdio_dest(&jpeg, pFile);
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jpeg.client_data=(void*)&pFile;
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jpeg.image_width = image_width;
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jpeg.image_height = image_height;
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jpeg.input_components = 3;
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jpeg.in_color_space = JCS_RGB;
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jpeg_set_defaults(&jpeg);
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jpeg.q_scale_factor[0] = jpeg_quality_scaling(100);
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jpeg.q_scale_factor[1] = jpeg_quality_scaling(100);
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jpeg.comp_info[0].v_samp_factor = 2;
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jpeg.comp_info[0].h_samp_factor = 2;
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jpeg_set_quality(&jpeg, quality, TRUE);
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jpeg_start_compress(&jpeg, TRUE);
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JSAMPROW row_pointer[1];
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-
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for( unsigned int i=0;i
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{
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row_pointer[0] = rgbData+i*jpeg.image_width*3;
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jpeg_write_scanlines( &jpeg,row_pointer,1 );
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}
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jpeg_finish_compress(&jpeg);
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fclose( pFile );
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pFile = NULL;
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jpeg_destroy_compress(&jpeg);
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return 0;
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}
五、YUV数据存储为JPG
网上有不少关于YUV420数据存储为JPG的代码和博客,但是我用他们的代码,老是不成功,不是运行不起来,就是效果不好,不过还是表示万分感谢。
1、YUV420SP
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int yuv420p_to_jpeg(const char * filename, const char* pdata,int image_width,int image_height, int quality)
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{
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struct jpeg_compress_struct cinfo;
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struct jpeg_error_mgr jerr;
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cinfo.err = jpeg_std_error(&jerr);
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jpeg_create_compress(&cinfo);
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FILE * outfile;
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if ((outfile = fopen(filename, "wb")) == NULL) {
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fprintf(stderr, "can't open %s\n", filename);
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exit(1);
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}
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jpeg_stdio_dest(&cinfo, outfile);
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cinfo.image_width = image_width;
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cinfo.image_height = image_height;
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cinfo.input_components = 3;
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cinfo.in_color_space = JCS_YCbCr;
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jpeg_set_defaults(&cinfo);
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jpeg_set_quality(&cinfo, quality, TRUE );
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cinfo.jpeg_color_space = JCS_YCbCr;
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cinfo.comp_info[0].h_samp_factor = 2;
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cinfo.comp_info[0].v_samp_factor = 2;
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jpeg_start_compress(&cinfo, TRUE);
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JSAMPROW row_pointer[1];
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unsigned char *yuvbuf;
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if((yuvbuf=(unsigned char *)malloc(image_width*3))!=NULL)
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memset(yuvbuf,0,image_width*3);
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unsigned char *ybase,*ubase;
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ybase=pdata;
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ubase=pdata+image_width*image_height;
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int j=0;
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while (cinfo.next_scanline < cinfo.image_height)
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{
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int idx=0;
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for(int i=0;i
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{
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yuvbuf[idx++]=ybase[i + j * image_width];
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yuvbuf[idx++]=ubase[j/2 * image_width+(i/2)*2];
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yuvbuf[idx++]=ubase[j/2 * image_width+(i/2)*2+1];
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}
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row_pointer[0] = yuvbuf;
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jpeg_write_scanlines(&cinfo, row_pointer, 1);
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j++;
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}
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jpeg_finish_compress(&cinfo);
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jpeg_destroy_compress(&cinfo);
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fclose(outfile);
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return 0;
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}
2、YUV420P
其实YUV420P和YUV420SP主要区别就是取数据方式不同,前面对于YUV420P如何取数据已经讲得很清楚了,YUV420P存储为JPG只需要在上面YUV420SP存储为JPG的基础上改改取数据方法就好了。
效果:
这是一张1280X720的图片,大小385kb,因为是USB摄像头,所以图片质量感觉不是很高,总的来说效果不错!
六、YUV420SP 与 YUV420P相互转换
知道了YUV420SP以及YUV420P的内存格式后,互相转换就不是难事了。
1、YUV420SP TO YUV420P
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int yuv420sp_to_yuv420p(unsigned char * yuv420sp,unsigned char* yuv420p,int width,int height)
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{
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if(yuv420sp==NULL)
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return;
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int i=0,j=0;
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for(i=0;i
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{
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yuv420p[i]=yuv420sp[i];
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}
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for(int j=0,i=0;j
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{
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yuv420p[i + width*height] = yuv420sp[j+width*height];
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}
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-
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for(i=0,j=1,j
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{
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yuv420p[i+width*height*5/4] = yuv420sp[j+width*height];
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}
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}
2、YUV420P TO YUV420SP
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int yuv420p_to_yuv420sp(unsigned char * yuv420p,unsigned char* yuv420sp,int width,int height)
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{
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if(yuv420p==NULL)
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return;
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int i=0,j=0;
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for(i=0;i
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{
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yuv420sp[i]=yuv420p[i];
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}
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int m=0,n=0;
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for(int j=0;j
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{
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if(j%2==0)
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yuv420sp[j+width*height]=yuv420p[m++];
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else
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yuv420sp[j+width*height]=yuv420p[n++];
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}
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}
七、参考博客