基于nagios的运营监控系统安装配置指南-yaoshiyan-ChinaUnix博客

1 目标

基于nagios及cacti搭建网络及系统监控系统，在系统出现故障时候，第一时间以邮件及手机短信方式通知管理员，及时排查并解决系统故障。

2 相关软件版本说明

操作系统：RedHat AS 4.0

Nagios： nagios 2.10

Nagios Plugins：nagios-plugins-1.4.11

Nagios Core Addons：

NRPE：2.11

NSCA：2.7.2

Apache HTTPD： 2.0.52

安装操作系统时候，建议采用完整的安装方式，需要安装httpd、gd-devel、libpng-devel、libjpeg-devel几个包。

如果需要监控mysql，对mysql用的也是Redhat AS缺省安装

3 nagios安装配置指南

3.1 Nagios系统的结构图

3.2 安装Nagios

3.3 安装nagios的插件

3.3.1 建立需要的目录,并赋予权限

useradd nagios

mkdir /usr/local/nagios

mkdir /usr/local/nagios/libexec

chown -R nagios:nagios /usr/local/nagios

3.3.2 解压nagios的安装包:

tar xzvf nagios-2.10.tar.gz

3.3.3 编译安装nagios

cd nagios-2.10;

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios --with-cgiurl=/nagios/cgi-bin \

--with-htmurl=/nagios --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios;

make all;

make install;

make install-init;

make install-commandmode;

make install-config;

3.3.4 安装Nagios plugins

tar xzvf nagios-plugins-1.4.7.tar.gz

cd /nagios-plugins-1.4.7

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios --with-cgiurl=nagios/cgi-bin \

--with-mysql=/usr --enable-ssl --enable-command-args

make;

make install;

注意：此处要对mysql进行监控，采用的mysql是安装时候AS自带的mysql，安装路径为/usr(包含lib/mysql)

Nagios的安装路径为/usr/local/nagios/libexec，安装成功后确认/usr/local/nagios/libexec下有相关的脚本（例如check_http），如果没有安装到此处，修改resource.cfg中的$USER1$

3.3.5 apache 配置

l 修改/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf，在文件末尾添加如下内容：

ScriptAlias /nagios/cgi-bin "/usr/local/nagios/sbin/"

Options ExecCGI

AllowOverride None

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

AuthName "Nagios Access"

AuthType Basic

AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users

Require valid-user

Alias /nagios "/usr/local/nagios/share/"

Options None

AllowOverride None

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

AuthName "Nagios Access"

AuthType Basic

AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users

Require valid-user

l 创建nagios管理员nagiosadmin的用户认证密码文件

htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users nagiosadmin

注意：这里的用户既是apache的nagios管理界面的登录认证用户也和nagios监控中的权限有关联。

l 重启apache使apache的配置生效.

apachectl restart

3.3.6 Nagios配置

在/usr/local/nagios的etc目录下的配置文件有:

Config file Description

cgi.cfg CGI脚本的相关设定,如用户认证等

commands.cfg commands定义文件

localhost.cfg localhost本机的一个配置范例

nagios.cfg nagios的主配置文件

resource.cfg 监控使用到的脚本文件

根据具体使用情况,将配置文件的结构做以下规划,为了方便将来的维护和管理:

配置文件结构如下:

etc/ |-- cgi.cfg

|-- commands.cfg

|-- nagios.cfg

|-- resource.cfg

(以上为nagios系统主配置文件)

etc/servers |-- contacts.cfg 管理人员和管理人员组的的默认初始化设定文件

|-- hosts.cfg 服务器的默认初始化设定文件

|-- services.cfg 监控服务的默认初始化设定文件

|-- timeperiod.cfg 时间周期默认初始化设定文件

以上为监控服务相关的配置文件,都是由原localhost.cfg文件中拆分出来的,这样方面理解和管理。

l 建立servers目录

mkdir /usr/local/nagios/etc/servers

chown –R nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios/etc/servers

chown –R 755 /usr/local/nagios/etc/servers

l 设置 cgi.cfg :

authorized_for_system_information=nagiosadmin

authorized_for_configuration_information=nagiosadmin

authorized_for_system_commands=nagiosadmin

authorized_for_all_services=nagiosadmin

authorized_for_all_hosts=nagiosadmin

authorized_for_all_service_commands=nagiosadmin

authorized_for_all_host_commands=nagiosadmin

以上设定nagiosadmin为nagios最高权限,有权查看所有hosts和services的状态.

l 设置nagios.cfg :

#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/localhost.cfg

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/servers/contacts.cfg

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/servers/hosts.cfg

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/servers/hostgroups.cfg

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/servers/services.cfg

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/servers/timeperiods.cfg

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/commands.cfg

#cfg_dir=/usr/local/nagios/etc/servers

其他相关的参数参看nagios的手册。

需要特别指出的的地方是参数interval_length=60定义了nagios所有配置文件中与时间相关的参数所采用的缺省单位，缺省为60秒。例如interval_length=60，如果在hosts.cfg中定义notification_interval=1，则表示主机的提醒周期为1分钟。

l 设置resource.cfg

$USER1$=/usr/local/nagios/libexec

l /usr/local/nagios/etc/servers目录下各文件的内容简介(红色标注的是需要修改或要注意的地方):

timeperiod.cfg

###############################################################################

# TIME PERIODS

###############################################################################

# This defines a timeperiod where all times are valid for checks,

# notifications, etc. The classic "24x7" support nightmare. :-)

define timeperiod{

timeperiod_name 24x7

alias 24 Hours A Day, 7 Days A Week

sunday 00:00-24:00

monday 00:00-24:00

tuesday 00:00-24:00

wednesday 00:00-24:00

thursday 00:00-24:00

friday 00:00-24:00

saturday 00:00-24:00

}

# 'workhours' timeperiod definition

define timeperiod{

timeperiod_name workhours

alias "Normal" Working Hours

monday 09:00-17:00

tuesday 09:00-17:00

wednesday 09:00-17:00

thursday 09:00-17:00

friday 09:00-17:00

}

# 'nonworkhours' timeperiod definition

define timeperiod{

timeperiod_name nonworkhours

alias Non-Work Hours

sunday 00:00-24:00

monday 00:00-09:00,17:00-24:00

tuesday 00:00-09:00,17:00-24:00

wednesday 00:00-09:00,17:00-24:00

thursday 09:00-17:00

friday 09:00-17:00

}

# 'none' timeperiod definition

define timeperiod{

timeperiod_name none

alias No Time Is A Good Time

}

定义各种监控的时间段,如24X7全天候的监控, none不工作时间以及workhours工作和nonworkhours非工作时间段等,在hosts和services的定义中可以引用.

contacts.cfg

###############################################################################

# CONTACTS

###############################################################################

# In this simple config file, a single contact will receive all alerts.

# This assumes that you have an account (or email alias) called

# "nagios-admin" on the local host.

define contact{

contact_name nagiosadmin

alias nagiosadmin

service_notification_period 24x7

host_notification_period 24x7

service_notification_options w,u,c,r

host_notification_options d,r

service_notification_commands notify-by-sms, notify-by-email

host_notification_commands notify-by-sms, host-notify-by-email

email liangchuan@mobile-soft.cn

pager 13910823366

}

define contact{

contact_name nagiosadmin2

alias nagiosadmin2

service_notification_period 24x7

host_notification_period 24x7

service_notification_options w,u,c,r

host_notification_options d,r

service_notification_commands notify-by-sms, notify-by-email

host_notification_commands notify-by-sms, host-notify-by-email

email jincheng.xiao@mobile-soft.cn

pager 13141202288

}

###############################################################################

# CONTACT GROUPS

###############################################################################

# We only have one contact in this simple configuration file, so there is

# no need to create more than one contact group.

define contactgroup{

contactgroup_name nagios

alias nagios

members nagiosadmin,nagiosadmin2

}

定义nagios的管理员成员（contact）和管理员组（contactgroup）,以及管理员（contact）的联系方式mail或sms(pager传呼机标识手机号)。

hosts.cfg

###############################################################################

# HOSTS

###############################################################################

# Generic host definition template - This is NOT a real host, just a template!

define host{

name generic-host

notifications_enabled 1

event_handler_enabled 1

flap_detection_enabled 1

failure_prediction_enabled 1

process_perf_data 1

retain_status_information 1

retain_nonstatus_information 1

notification_period 24x7

}

define host {

use generic-host

host_name 192.168.1.5

address 192.168.1.5

check_command check-host-alive

max_check_attempts 1

notification_interval 1

notification_period 24x7

notification_options d,u,r

contact_groups nagios

}

generic-host定义默认的hosts公共属性。192.168.1.5定义需要监控的服务器信息。

hostgroups.cfg

###############################################################################

# HOST GROUPS

###############################################################################

# We only have one host in our simple config file, so there is no need to

# create more than one hostgroup.

define hostgroup{

hostgroup_name mobilesoft

alias mobilesoft

members 192.168.1.5

}

定义hosts所属的分组,方便监控时的观察.hostgroup_name定义分组名称,alias为别名,members定义成员名称,内容为每台hosts配置文件中定义的host_name内容.

services.cfg

###############################################################################

# SERVICES

###############################################################################

# Generic service definition template - This is NOT a real service, just a template!

define service{

name generic-service

active_checks_enabled 1

passive_checks_enabled 1

parallelize_check 1

obsess_over_service 1

check_freshness 0

notifications_enabled 1

event_handler_enabled 1

flap_detection_enabled 1

failure_prediction_enabled 1

process_perf_data 1

retain_status_information 1

retain_nonstatus_information 1

is_volatile 0

}

define service{

use generic-service

host_name 192.168.1.5

service_description mobilessoft esales platform

is_volatile 0

check_period 24x7

max_check_attempts 1

normal_check_interval 1

retry_check_interval 1

contact_groups nagios

notification_options w,u,c,r

notification_interval 1

notification_period 24x7

check_command check-mobilesoft!

}

generic-service定义默认的services公共属性,在每个service定义中引用.

192.168.1.5定义对最终监控主机192.168.1.5的配置文件,包含每台被监控主机的定义和需要监控的服务.

l 修改/usr/local/nagios/etc/commands.cfg，增加对notify-by-sms及check-mobilesoft的定义

#notify-by-sms

define command {

command_name notify-by-sms

command_line $USER1$/notify_by_sms $HOSTADDRESS$ $CONTACTPAGER$

}

#check-mobilesoft

define command {

command_name check-mobilesoft

command_line $USER1$/check_mobilesoft $ARG1$

}

l 创建check_mobilesoft 的plugin脚本

在/usr/local/nagios/libexec下创建check_mobilesoft

touch check_mobilesoft

chown nagios.nagios check_mobilesoft

chmod 755 check_mobilesoft

其中check_mobilesoft的内容如下：

#!/bin/sh

#use the nagios check_http shell to check the monitored machine has some problem

PROGNAME=`basename $0`

PROGPATH=`echo $0 | sed -e 's,[\\/][^\\/][^\\/]*$,,'`

. $PROGPATH/utils.sh

hostip=$1

result=`/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_http -H ${hostip} –u /test –s “success” -w 0.0009 -c 0.0040 -t 10 |grep "200 OK"`

if [ -z "${result}" ] ; then

exit $STATE_CRITICAL

else

exit $STATE_OK

注意此处调用了libexec/utils.sh，此脚本文件定义了诸如返回码等变量及一些工具。

l 创建notify_by_sms 的plugin脚本

在/usr/local/nagios/libexec下创建notify_by_sms

touch notif_by_sms

chown nagios.nagios notify_by_sms

chmod 755 notify_by_sms

其中notify_by_sms的内容如下：

#!/bin/sh

#use the nagios check_http shell to check the monitored machine has some problem

#if having problem ,then use the sms gateway to notify the admin

hostip=$1

phonenumber=$2

result=`/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_http -H ${hostip} -w 0.0009 -c 0.0040 -t 10 |grep "200 OK"`

if [ -z "${result}" ] ; then

/usr/bin/wget “%20Text%20Message.htm?PhoneNumber=${phonenumber}&Text=${hostip}%20machine%20Have%20Problem”

l 检查配置文件正确性

/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

执行该命令检查所有配置文件是否正确,如有问题，继续修改配置文件。

l 配置开机时候自动启动nagios及apache服务

chkconfig --add nagios

chkconfig --add httpd

或者直接修改/etc/rc.local，增加如下内容

/sbin/service nagios start

/usr/sbin/ apachectl start

l 启动nagios服务及apache 服务

service nagios restart

apachectl restart

l 登录nagios管理界面,监控服务器情况

访问nagios的服务器web界面,输入nagiosadmin 的用户名及密码，开始进行监控。

1 目标

2 相关软件版本说明

3 nagios安装配置指南

3.1 Nagios系统的结构图

3.2 安装Nagios

3.3 安装nagios的插件

3.3.1 建立需要的目录,并赋予权限

3.3.2 解压nagios的安装包:

3.3.3 编译安装nagios

3.3.4 安装Nagios plugins

3.3.5 apache 配置

3.3.6 Nagios配置

3.3.7 客户端监控代理NRPE的安装配置:

4 cacti安装配置指南

5 参考文档