有个项目可能用到，因此研究了一下。
Keepalived是Linux下面实现VRRP 备份路由的高可靠性运行件。基于Keepalived设计的服务模式能够真正做到主服务器和备份服务器故障时IP瞬间无缝交接。
网络环境：
三台服务器：
VIP:192.168.1.30
realserver1:192.168.1.22
realserver2:192.168.1.23
安装步骤：
前提条件需要有安装如下组件：
openssl-devel-0.9.8a-18.26.i586.rpm
popt-devel-1.7-271.27.i586.rpm
keepalived的安装比较简单（下载地址：）：
在realserver1上操作：
在keepalived的解压目录执行如下命令：
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
#make
#make install
主要是修改配置文件（/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf）:
! Configuration File for keepalived
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
script " interval 1 # check every second
weight -2 # default prio: -2 if connect fails
}
global_defs {
notification_email {
}
notification_email_from
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id HA_1
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
mcast_src_ip 192.168.1.22
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass freeke
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.30
}
track_script {
chk_http_port
}
}
在realserver2上执行与realserver1的相同操作，配置文件有点区别，主要体现在state和priority参数上如下：
! Configuration File for keepalived
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
script " interval 1 # check every second
weight -2 # default prio: -2 if connect fails
}
global_defs {
notification_email {
}
notification_email_from
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id HA_1
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
mcast_src_ip 192.168.1.23
priority 99
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass freeke
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.30
}
track_script {
chk_http_port
}
}
经过以上的操作只需要执行如下命令即可启动：
#/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived -f /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf -D
查看是否启动成功可按照如下方法操作：
A. # tail -f /var/log/messages
若有如下内容输出则启动成功：
Jul 1 06:19:29 db Keepalived: Starting Keepalived v1.1.17 (06/28,2009)
Jul 1 06:19:29 db Keepalived: Starting Healthcheck child process, pid=1527
Jul 1 06:19:29 db Keepalived: Starting VRRP child process, pid=1528
Jul 1 06:19:29 db Keepalived_healthcheckers: Using MII-BMSR NIC polling thread...
Jul 1 06:19:29 db Keepalived_vrrp: Using MII-BMSR NIC polling thread...
Jul 1 06:19:29 db Keepalived_healthcheckers: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.1.22 added
Jul 1 06:19:29 db Keepalived_healthcheckers: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
Jul 1 06:19:29 db Keepalived_healthcheckers: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
Jul 1 06:19:29 db Keepalived_healthcheckers: Opening file 'etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Jul 1 06:19:29 db Keepalived_healthcheckers: Configuration is using : 5901 Bytes
Jul 1 06:19:29 db Keepalived_vrrp: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.1.22 added
Jul 1 06:19:29 db Keepalived_vrrp: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
Jul 1 06:19:29 db Keepalived_vrrp: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
Jul 1 06:19:29 db Keepalived_vrrp: Registering gratutious ARP shared channel
Jul 1 06:19:29 db Keepalived_vrrp: Opening file 'etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Jul 1 06:19:29 db Keepalived_vrrp: Configuration is using : 35764 Bytes
Jul 1 06:19:29 db Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), fd(10,11)]
Jul 1 06:19:30 db Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
Jul 1 06:19:31 db Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Jul 1 06:19:31 db Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Jul 1 06:19:31 db Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.1.30
Jul 1 06:19:31 db avahi-daemon[2425]: Registering new address record for 192.168.1.30 on eth0.
Jul 1 06:19:31 db Keepalived_healthcheckers: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.1.30 added
Jul 1 06:19:31 db Keepalived_vrrp: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.1.30 added
Jul 1 06:19:36 db Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.1.30
B. ping 192.168.1.30有返回值则OK。
可以在服务器master服务器上执行：ip add show eth0
看看是否有192.168.1.30的虚拟IP存在，存在则正常。
到此完成了keepalived的配置。只要在真实机器上启动相应的服务看看是否正常，有问题记得日志。到此完成了keepalived的双机配置。
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