使用vsftp架设ftp服务器

使用vsftp架设ftp服务器

心血来潮，架设了一个ftp server方便我的windows访问Linux上的资源。

ftp服务器软件采用安全性较高的vsftp（very secure ftp）。以下讲解如何配置vsftp以使得

达到访问控制的。

 

       首先系统中必须安装vsftpd这个软件，网络上很多的rpm以及deb格式的免费软件可以自由使用

      

       下面我们看看如何配置它。

       核心配置文件：/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf（每次修改该文件必须重启vsftpd才能生效）

       其他配置文件：ftpusers user_list

 

       下面着重讲解/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf如何配置。

       一个实际的配置文件内容如下：

       大部分需要我们做的事情是修改或是添加一部分内容，我通过注释的形式讲解哪些是比较关键的配置，哪些是对一般应用有帮助。

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

#

# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file

# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.

# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.

#

# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.

# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's

# capabilities.

#

# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).

anonymous_enable=NO#如果你希望搭建一个匿名ftp那么这个选项必须开启YES

#

# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.

local_enable=YES＃local的意思是本地实际存在的用户，YES是说你允许本地的用户从别的地方以ftp的形式访问

#

# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.

write_enable=YES＃这个是允许“写”权限的“开关”，其他还有一些有关“写“权限的控制都是以这个为前提的

#

# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,

# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)

local_umask=022＃这个是用户的umask

#

# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only

# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will

# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.

#anon_upload_enable=YES＃允许匿名用户upload文件

#

# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create

# new directories.

anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES＃允许匿名用户写，前提是“write_enable=YES “

#

# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they

# go into a certain directory.

dirmessage_enable=YES#不重要

# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.

xferlog_enable=YES#不重要

#

# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).

connect_from_port_20=YES#不重要

#

# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by

# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not

# recommended!

#chown_uploads=YES

#chown_username=whoever

#

# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown

# below.

#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log#不重要

#

# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format

xferlog_std_format=YES#不重要

#

# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.

#idle_session_timeout=600

#

# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.

#data_connection_timeout=120

#

# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the

# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.

#nopriv_user=ftpsecure

#

# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not

# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,

# however, may confuse older FTP clients.

#async_abor_enable=YES

# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore

# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII

# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.

# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service

# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd

# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the

# raw file.

# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.

#ascii_upload_enable=YES

#ascii_download_enable=YES

#

# You may fully customise the login banner string:

#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.

#

# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently

# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.

#deny_email_enable=YES

# (default follows)

#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails

#

# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home

# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of

# users to NOT chroot().

#chroot_list_enable=YES＃比较重要可以chroot的行为

# (default follows)

#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

#

# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by

# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large

# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume

# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.

#ls_recurse_enable=YES＃不重要

#

# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and

# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction

# with the listen_ipv6 directive.

listen=YES＃重要也是可以设置成listen_address=10.10.10.2达到只监听10.10.10.2用户的请求

#

# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6

# sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd whith two configuration files.

# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!

#listen_ipv6=YES

 

pam_service_name=vsftpd＃pam（pluggble authentication module）是一种系统服务验证的手段

userlist_enable=NO＃很重要可以控制指定用户的访问权限（控制这个文件中的user的权限/etc/vsftpd/user_list）

tcp_wrappers=YES

# Added by Stephen Du in case of attacking by others

#listen_port=6006＃更改默认的控制端口（21）数据端口是（20）

ftp_username=ftpuser#虚拟用户的名字，也就是说local并不存在这样一个用户，仅仅为ftp访问而存在后面会讲述怎么创建这种用户

#same priority as local users else same as anonymous

virtual_use_local_privs=YES#对安全控制很重要的选项

#Force the local users in their homes

chroot_local_user=YES

#xferglog_enable=YES

#chroot_secure_dir=/

 

       上面是配置文件的讲解，下面针对具体的应用，列举几个例子。

      

设置匿名ftp。这个没有难度将anonymous_enable=YES将vsftpd重新启用就行了

为了安全，其他的也要配置，可以自己查看man page

      

允许本地帐户通过ftp访问自己的资源。

local_enable=YES

同样重启服务就可以

 

添加虚拟用户。这个比较重要，但是很简单。

在terminal下 运行如下命令即可：

＃adduser –g ftp –s /sbin/nologin account_for_ftp_name

这样就生成一个名字为account_for_ftp_name的虚拟帐户，在windows端使用它就可以正常登陆了。

 

暂时写到这里，下星期继续补充。