分类： BSD
2006-06-13 10:31:54
FreeBSD全能服务器安装手册之系统安装篇
注意：本安装文档以FreeBSD5.4为例
启动电源=〉进入bios设置光驱启动=〉将光盘放进光驱=〉重启机器后，机器会从光驱启动并进入FREEBSD5.4的内核并自动启动 光盘里的sysinstall程序。
首先，选择mini安装，这也是作为互联网服务器的通用要求，没人会在服务器上用图形界面的！
第一部：选择安装方式Standard（标准安装） Begin a standard installation (recommended)
lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq sysinstall Main Menu qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk
x Welcome to the FreeBSD installation and configuration tool. Please x
x select one of the options below by using the arrow keys or typing the x
x first character of the option name you're interested in. Invoke an x
x option with [SPACE] or [ENTER]. To exit, use [TAB] to move to Exit. x
x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk x
x x Usage Quick start - How to use this menu system x x
x x Standard Begin a standard installation (recommended) x x
x x Express Begin a quick installation (for experts) x x
x x Custom Begin a custom installation (for experts) x x
x x Configure Do post-install configuration of FreeBSD x x
x x Doc Installation instructions, README, etc. x x
x x Keymap Select keyboard type x x
x x Options View/Set various installation options x x
x x Fixit Repair mode with CDROM/DVD/floppy or start shell x x
x x Upgrade Upgrade an existing system x x
x x Load Config Load default install configuration x x
x x Index Glossary of functions x x
x mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj x
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x [ Select ] X Exit Install x
mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq[ Press F1 for Installation Guide ]qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj
第二部： 提示信息提示程序将进入fdisk
lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq Message qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk
xIn the next menu, you will need to set up a DOS-style ("fdisk") partitioning x
xscheme for your hard disk. If you simply wish to devote all disk space x
xto FreeBSD (overwriting anything else that might be on the disk(s) selected) x
xthen use the (A)ll command to select the default partitioning scheme followed x
xby a (Q)uit. If you wish to allocate only free space to FreeBSD, move to a x
xpartition marked "unused" and use the (C)reate command. x
tqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq(100%)qqu
x [ OK ] x
mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq[ Press enter or space ]qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj
第三部：选择将系统安装到哪个磁盘
qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqSelect Drivesqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq
--Please select the dirve,or drives,on which you wish to perfom
--This operation. If you are attempting to install a boot partition
--On a dirve other than the first one or have multiple operating
--Systems on your machine, you will have the option to install aboot
--Manager later. To select a drive,use the arrow keys to move to it
--and press [SPACE] or [ENTER]. To de-select it,press it again.
--Use [TAB] to get to the buttons and leave this menu.
qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq[ ]ad0 ad0qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq
qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq[ ]ad1 ad1qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq
qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq
qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq
qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq [ OK ] Cancel qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq
第四部：我们选择硬盘一，出现以下界面
Disk name: ad0 FDISK Partition Editor
DISK Geometry: 5221 cyls/255 heads/63 sectors = 83875365 sectors (40954MB)
Offset Size(ST) End Name PType Desc Subtype Flags
0 83886080 83886079 - 12 unused 0
The following commands are supported (in upper or lower case):
A = Use Entire Disk G = set Drive Geometry C = Create Slice F = `DD' mode
D = Delete Slice Z = Toggle Size Units S = Set Bootable | = Wizard m.
T = Change Type U = Undo All Changes W = Write Changes
Use F1 or ? to get more help, arrow keys to select.
第五部：选择c建立fb需要的分区；意思是将整个磁盘用于系统
lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq Value Required qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk
x Please specify the size for new FreeBSD slice in blocks x
x or append a trailing `M' for megabytes (e.g. 20M). x
x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk x
x x83886080 x x
tqmqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqjqu
x [ OK ] Cancel x
mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj
第六部：选择ok出现让我们确认分区类型的对话框
qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq Value Required qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq
x Enter type of partition to create: x
x x
x Pressing Enter will choose the default, a native FreeBSD x
x slice (type 165). Other popular values are 6 for a x
x DOS FAT partition, 131 for a Linux ext2fs partition, or x
x 130 for a Linux swap partition. x
x x
x Note: If you choose a non-FreeBSD partition type, it will not x
x be formatted or otherwise prepared, it will simply reserve space x
x for you to use another tool, such as DOS format, to later format x
The fox and actually use the partition. x
x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk x
x x165 x x
qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq
x [ OK ] Cancel x
qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq
第七部：选择ok(我们看到所需的bsd分区已经有了！)
Disk name: ad0 FDISK Partition Editor
DISK Geometry: 5221 cyls/255 heads/63 sectors = 83875365 sectors (40954MB)
Offset Size(ST) End Name PType Desc Subtype Flags
0 63 62 - 12 unused 0
63 83875302 83875364 ad0s1 8 freebsd 165
83875365 10715 83886079 - 12 unused 0
The following commands are supported (in upper or lower case):
A = Use Entire Disk G = set Drive Geometry C = Create Slice F = `DD' mode
D = Delete Slice Z = Toggle Size Units S = Set Bootable | = Wizard m.
T = Change Type U = Undo All Changes W = Write Changes
Use F1 or ? to get more help, arrow keys to select.
第八部：选择q完成退出（出现选择启动管理器的界面）
lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq Install Boot Manager for drive ad0? qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk
x FreeBSD comes with a boot selector that allows you to easily x
x select between FreeBSD and any other operating systems on your machine x
x at boot time. If you have more than one drive and want to boot x
x from the second one, the boot selector will also make it possible x
x to do so (limitations in the PC BIOS usually prevent this otherwise). x
x If you do not want a boot selector, or wish to replace an existing x
x one, select "standard". If you would prefer your Master Boot x
x Record to remain untouched then select "None". x
x x
x NOTE: PC-DOS users will almost certainly require "None"! x
x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk x
x x BootMgr Install the FreeBSD Boot Manager x x
x x Standard Install a standard MBR (no boot manager) x x
x x None Leave the Master Boot Record untouched x x
x mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj x
tqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqu
x [ OK ] Cancel x
mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq[ Press F1 to read about drive setup ]qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj
第九部我们选择BootMgr Install the FreeBSD Boot Manager出现一个让我们确定的界面
lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq Message qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk
xNow you need to create BSD partitions inside of the fdisk partition(s) x
xjust created. If you have a reasonable amount of disk space (200MB or more) x
xand don't have any special requirements, simply use the (A)uto command to x
xallocate space automatically. If you have more specific needs or just don't x
xcare for the layout chosen by (A)uto, press F1 for more information on x
xmanual layout. x
tqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq(100%)qqu
x [ OK ] x
mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq[ Press enter or space ]qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj
第十部：我们确定下面开始分区操作
FreeBSD Disklabel Editor
Disk: ad0 Partition name: ad0s1 Free: 83875302 blocks (40954MB)
Part Mount Size Newfs Part Mount Size Newfs
---- ----- ---- ----- ---- ----- ---- -----
The following commands are valid here (upper or lower case):
C = Create D = Delete M = Mount pt. W = Write
N = Newfs Opts Q = Finish S = Toggle SoftUpdates Z = Custom Newfs
T = Toggle Newfs U = Undo A = Auto Defaults R = Delete+Merge
Use F1 or ? to get more help, arrow keys to select.
第十一部：选择c建立根分区大小是512MB
lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq Value Required qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk
x Please specify the partition size in blocks or append a trailing G for x
x gigabytes, M for megabytes, or C for cylinders. x
x 83875302 blocks (40954MB) are free. x
x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk x
x x512MB x x
tqmqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqjqu
x [ OK ] Cancel x
mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj
第十二部：选择分区类型
lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq Please choose a partition type qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk
x If you want to use this partition for swap space, select Swap. x
x If you want to put a filesystem on it, choose FS. x
x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk x
x x FS A file system x x
x x Swap A swap partition. x x
x mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj x
tqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqu
x [ OK ] Cancel x
mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj
第十三部：选择分区挂载点 ‘/’
FreeBSD Disklabel Editor
Disk: ad0 Partition name: ad0s1 Free: 83875302 blocks (40954MB)
Part Mount Size Newfs Part Mount Size Newfs
---- ----- ---- ----- ---- ----- ---- -----
lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq Value Required qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk
x Please specify a mount point for the partition x
x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk x
x x/ x x
tqmqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqjqu
x [ OK ] Cancel x
mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj
The following commands are valid here (upper or lower case):
C = Create D = Delete M = Mount pt. W = Write
N = Newfs Opts Q = Finish S = Toggle SoftUpdates Z = Custom Newfs
T = Toggle Newfs U = Undo A = Auto Defaults R = Delete+Merge
Use F1 or ? to get more help, arrow keys to select.
第十四部：依照上面的方法我们依次建立以下分区
swap /tmp /var /usr /www
当然你也可以根据自己的需要同时建立其他的分区
以下是我的分区
FreeBSD Disklabel Editor
Disk: ad0 Partition name: ad0s1 Free: 0 blocks (0MB)
Part Mount Size Newfs Part Mount Size Newfs
---- ----- ---- ----- ---- ----- ---- -----
ad0s1a / 512MB UFS2 Y
ad0s1b swap 1024MB SWAP
ad0s1d /var 10240MB UFS2+S Y
ad0s1e /tmp 4048MB UFS2+S Y
ad0s1f /usr 10240MB UFS2+S Y
ad0s1g /www 14890MB UFS2+S Y
The following commands are valid here (upper or lower case):
C = Create D = Delete M = Mount pt. W = Write
N = Newfs Opts Q = Finish S = Toggle SoftUpdates Z = Custom Newfs
T = Toggle Newfs U = Undo A = Auto Defaults R = Delete+Merge
Use F1 or ? to get more help, arrow keys to select.
第十五部：分区结束选择q完成退出接着出现选安装选项
lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq Choose Distributions qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk
x As a convenience, we provide several "canned" distribution sets. x
x These select what we consider to be the most reasonable defaults for the x
x type of system in question. If you would prefer to pick and choose the x
x list of distributions yourself, simply select "Custom". You can also x
x pick a canned distribution set and then fine-tune it with the Custom item. x
x x
x Choose an item by pressing [SPACE] or [ENTER]. When finished, choose the x
x Exit item or move to the OK button with [TAB]. x
x lqqqqq^(-)qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk x
x x [ ] 4 Developer Full sources, binaries and doc but no games x x
x x [ ] 5 X-Developer Same as above + X Window System x x
x x [ ] 6 Kern-Developer Full binaries and doc, kernel sources only x x
x x [ ] 7 X-Kern-Developer Same as above + X Window System x x
x x [ ] 8 User Average user - binaries and doc only x x
x x [ ] 9 X-User Same as above + X Window System x x
x x [ ] A Minimal The smallest configuration possible x x
x x > > B Custom Specify your own distribution set x x
x mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj x
tqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqu
x [ OK ] Cancel x
mqqqqqqqqqqqqq[ Press F1 for more information on these options. ]qqqqqqqqqqqqqqj
第十六部：选择最小化安装A Minimal；并选定安装介质(我们选择CD/DVD安装这也是最快捷最简便的安装方法！也是我推荐的！不过现在你也可以尝试网络安装。)
lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq Choose Installation Media qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk
x FreeBSD can be installed from a variety of different installation x
x media, ranging from floppies to an Internet FTP server. If you're x
x installing FreeBSD from a supported CD/DVD drive then this is generally x
x the best media to use if you have no overriding reason for using other x
x media. x
x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk x
x x 1 CD/DVD Install from a FreeBSD CD/DVD x x
x x 2 FTP Install from an FTP server x x
x x 3 FTP Passive Install from an FTP server through a firewall x x
x x 4 HTTP Install from an FTP server through a http proxy x x
x x 5 DOS Install from a DOS partition x x
x x 6 NFS Install over NFS x x
x x 7 File System Install from an existing filesystem x x
x x 8 Floppy Install from a floppy disk set x x
x x 9 Tape Install from SCSI or QIC tape x x
