一、在U-Boot中建立自己的开发板类型,并测试编译。
我为开发板取名叫: tekkaman2440
0 在工作目录下解压U-Boot。
$tar zxvf u-boot.git.tar.gz
1 进入U-Boot目录,修改Makefile
$cd u-boot.git/
$vi Makefile
#为tekkaman2440建立编译项
sbc2410x_config: unconfig
@$(MKCONFIG) $(@:_config=) arm arm920t sbc2410x NULL s3c24x0
tekkaman2440_config : unconfig
@$(MKCONFIG) $(@:_config=) arm arm920t tekkaman2440 tekkaman s3c24x0
各项的意思如下:
arm: CPU的架构(ARCH)
arm920t: CPU的类型(CPU),其对应于cpu/arm920t子目录。
tekkaman2440: 开发板的型号(BOARD),对应于board/tekkaman/tekkaman2440目录。
tekkaman: 开发者/或经销商(vender)。
s3c24x0: 片上系统(SOC)。
同时在“ifndef CROSS_COMPILE ”之前 加上自己交叉编译器的路径,比如我使用crosstool-0.43制作的基于2.6.22.2内核和gcc-4.1.0-glibc-2.3.2的ARM9TDMI交叉编译器,则:
CROSS_COMPILE=/home/tekkaman/working/crosstool-gcc410-k26222/gcc-4.1.0-glibc-2.3.2/arm-9tdmi-linux-gnu/bin/arm-9tdmi-linux-gnu-
2 在/board子目录中建立自己的开发板tekkaman2440目录
由于我在上一步板子的开发者/或经销商(vender)中填了 tekkaman ,所以开发板tekkaman2440目录一定要建在/board子目录中的tekkaman目录下 ,否则编译会出错。
$cd board
$mkdir tekkaman tekkaman/tekkaman2440
$cp -arf sbc2410x/* tekkaman/tekkaman2440/
$cd tekkaman/tekkaman2440
$mv sbc2410x.c tekkaman2440.c
还要记得修改自己的开发板tekkaman2440目录下的Makefile文件,不然编译时会出错:
COBJS := tekkaman2440.o flash.o
$vi Makefile
3 在include/configs/中建立配置头文件
$cd ../../..
$cp include/configs/sbc2410x.h include/configs/tekkaman2440.h
4 测试编译能否成功
$make tekkaman2440_config
Configuring for tekkaman2440 board...
(如果出现:
$ make tekkaman2440_config
Makefile:1927: *** 遗漏分隔符 。 停止。
请在U-boot的根目录下的Makefile的
@$(MKCONFIG) $(@:_config=) arm arm920t tekkaman2440 tekkaman)
前加上“Tab”键)
$make
我到这一步测试交叉编译成功!!
二、修改U-Boot中的文件,以匹配友善之臂SBC2440V4。
1 修改/cpu/arm920t/start.S
(0)修改寄存器地址定义
/* turn off the watchdog */
#if defined(CONFIG_S3C2400)
# define pWTCON 0x15300000
# define INTMSK 0x14400008 /* Interupt-Controller base addresses */
# define CLKDIVN 0x14800014 /* clock divisor register */
#elif defined(CONFIG_S3C2410)|| defined(CONFIG_S3C2440)
# define pWTCON 0x53000000
# define INTMSK 0x4A000008 /* Interupt-Controller base addresses */
# define INTSUBMSK 0x4A00001C
# define CLKDIVN 0x4C000014 /* clock divisor register */
#endif
(1)修改中断禁止部分
#if defined(CONFIG_S3C2400) || defined(CONFIG_S3C2410) || defined(CONFIG_S3C2440)
ldr r0, =pWTCON
mov r1, #0x0
str r1, [r0]
/*
* mask all IRQs by setting all bits in the INTMR - default
*/
mov r1, #0xffffffff
ldr r0, =INTMSK
str r1, [r0]
# if defined(CONFIG_S3C2410)
ldr r1, =0x7ff //根据2410芯片手册,INTSUBMSK有11位可用,
//vivi也是0x7ff,不知为什么U-Boot一直没改过来。
ldr r0, =INTSUBMSK
str r1, [r0]
# endif
# if defined(CONFIG_S3C2440)
ldr r1, =0x7fff //根据2440芯片手册,INTSUBMSK有15位可用
ldr r0, =INTSUBMSK
str r1, [r0]
# endif
(2)修改时钟设置(2440的主频可达533MHz,但是我设到533MHz时系统很不稳定,不知是不是SDRAM和总线配置的影响,所以现在先设到405MHz,以后在改进。)
/* FCLK:HCLK:PCLK = 1:4:8 */
ldr r0, =CLKDIVN
mov r1, #5
str r1, [r0]
mrc p15, 0, r1, c1, c0, 0 /*read ctrl register tekkaman*/
orr r1, r1, #0xc0000000 /*Asynchronous tekkaman*/
mcr p15, 0, r1, c1, c0, 0 /*write ctrl register tekkaman*/
#if defined(CONFIG_S3C2440)
/*now, CPU clock is 405.00 Mhz tekkaman*/
mov r1, #CLK_CTL_BASE /* tekkaman*/
mov r2, #MDIV_405 /* mpll_405mhz tekkaman*/
add r2, r2, #PSDIV_405 /* mpll_405mhz tekkaman*/
str r2, [r1, #0x04] /* MPLLCON tekkaman */
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_S3C2410)
/*now, CPU clock is 202.8 Mhz tekkaman*/
mov r1, #CLK_CTL_BASE /* tekkaman*/
mov r2, #MDIV_200 /* mpll_200mhz tekkaman*/
add r2, r2, #PSDIV_200 /* mpll_200mhz tekkaman*/
str r2, [r1, #0x04] /* MPLLCON tekkaman */
#endif
#endif /* CONFIG_S3C2400 || CONFIG_S3C2410|| CONFIG_S3C2440 */
红色部分是我添加的,利用vivi的代码,将其设为405.00MHz 并在前面加上:
#elif defined(CONFIG_S3C2410)
# define pWTCON 0x53000000
# define INTMSK 0x4A000008 /* Interupt-Controller base addresses */
# define INTSUBMSK 0x4A00001C
# define CLKDIVN 0x4C000014 /* clock divisor register */
#define CLK_CTL_BASE 0x4C000000 /* tekkaman */
#if defined(CONFIG_S3C2440)
#define MDIV_405 0x7f << 12 /* tekkaman */
#define PSDIV_405 0x21 /* tekkaman */
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_S3C2410)
#define MDIV_200 0xa1 << 12 /* tekkaman */
#define PSDIV_200 0x31 /* tekkaman */
#endif
#endif
(3)将从Flash启动改成从NAND Flash启动。(特别注意:这和2410的程序有不同,不可混用!!!是拷贝vivi的代码。)
将以下U-Boot的重定向语句段:
#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT
relocate: /* relocate U-Boot to RAM */
adr r0, _start /* r0 <- current position of code */
ldr r1, _TEXT_BASE /* test if we run from flash or RAM */
cmp r0, r1 /* don't reloc during debug */
beq stack_setup
ldr r2, _armboot_start
ldr r3, _bss_start
sub r2, r3, r2 /* r2 <- size of armboot */
add r2, r0, r2 /* r2 <- source end address */
copy_loop:
ldmia r0!, {r3-r10} /* copy from source address [r0] */
stmia r1!, {r3-r10} /* copy to target address [r1] */
cmp r0, r2 /* until source end addreee [r2] */
ble copy_loop
#endif /* CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT */
替换成:
#ifdef CONFIG_S3C2440_NAND_BOOT @tekkaman@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@SSSSSSSSSSSSS
@ reset NAND
mov r1, #NAND_CTL_BASE
ldr r2, =( (7<<12)|(7<<8)|(7<<4)|(0<<0) )
str r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
ldr r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
ldr r2, =( (1<<4)|(0<<1)|(1<<0) ) @ Active low CE Control
str r2, [r1, #oNFCONT]
ldr r2, [r1, #oNFCONT]
ldr r2, =(0x6) @ RnB Clear
str r2, [r1, #oNFSTAT]
ldr r2, [r1, #oNFSTAT]
mov r2, #0xff @ RESET command
strb r2, [r1, #oNFCMD]
mov r3, #0 @ wait
nand1:
add r3, r3, #0x1
cmp r3, #0xa
blt nand1
nand2:
ldr r2, [r1, #oNFSTAT] @ wait ready
tst r2, #0x4
beq nand2
ldr r2, [r1, #oNFCONT]
orr r2, r2, #0x2 @ Flash Memory Chip Disable
str r2, [r1, #oNFCONT]
@ get read to call C functions (for nand_read())
ldr sp, DW_STACK_START @ setup stack pointer
mov fp, #0 @ no previous frame, so fp=0
@ copy U-Boot to RAM
ldr r0, =TEXT_BASE
mov r1, #0x0
mov r2, #0x20000
bl nand_read_ll
tst r0, #0x0
beq ok_nand_read
bad_nand_read:
loop2: b loop2 @ infinite loop
ok_nand_read:
@ verify
mov r0, #0
ldr r1, =TEXT_BASE
mov r2, #0x400 @ 4 bytes * 1024 = 4K-bytes
go_next:
ldr r3, [r0], #4
ldr r4, [r1], #4
teq r3, r4
bne notmatch
subs r2, r2, #4
beq stack_setup
bne go_next
notmatch:
loop3: b loop3 @ infinite loop
#endif @ CONFIG_S3C2440_NAND_BOOT @tekkaman@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@EEEEEEEEE
在“ldr pc, _start_armboot”之前加入:
@ LED1 on u-boot stage 1 is ok!
mov r1, #GPIO_CTL_BASE
add r1, r1, #oGPIO_B
ldr r2,=0x155aa
str r2, [r1, #oGPIO_CON]
mov r2, #0xff
str r2, [r1, #oGPIO_UP]
mov r2, #0x1c0
str r2, [r1, #oGPIO_DAT]
修改目的:如果看到只有LED1亮了,说明U-Boot的第一阶段已完成!
在 “ _start_armboot: .word start_armboot ” 后加入:
.align 2
DW_STACK_START: .word STACK_BASE+STACK_SIZE-4
2 在board/tekkaman/tekkaman2440加入NAND Flash读函数文件,拷贝vivi中的nand_read.c文件到此文件夹即可:
#include
#define __REGb(x) (*(volatile unsigned char *)(x))
#define __REGi(x) (*(volatile unsigned int *)(x))
#define NF_BASE 0x4e000000
#define NFCONF __REGi(NF_BASE + 0x0)
#define NFCONT __REGi(NF_BASE + 0x4)
#define NFCMD __REGb(NF_BASE + 0x8)
#define NFADDR __REGb(NF_BASE + 0xC)
#define NF# __REGb(NF_BASE + 0x10)
#define NFSTAT __REGb(NF_BASE + 0x20)
//#define GPDAT __REGi(GPIO_CTL_BASE+oGPIO_F+oGPIO_DAT)
#define NAND_CHIP_ENABLE (NFCONT &= ~(1<<1))
#define NAND_CHIP_DISABLE (NFCONT |= (1<<1))
#define NAND_CLEAR_RB (NFSTAT |= (1<<2))
#define NAND_DETECT_RB { while(! (NFSTAT&(1<<2)) );}
#define BUSY 4
inline void wait_idle(void) {
while(!(NFSTAT & BUSY));
NFSTAT |= BUSY;
}
#define NAND_SECTOR_SIZE 512
#define NAND_BLOCK_MASK (NAND_SECTOR_SIZE - 1)
/* low level nand read function */
int
nand_read_ll(unsigned char *buf, unsigned long start_addr, int size)
{
int i, j;
if ((start_addr & NAND_BLOCK_MASK) || (size & NAND_BLOCK_MASK)) {
return -1; /* invalid alignment */
}
NAND_CHIP_ENABLE;
for(i=start_addr; i < (start_addr + size);) {
/* READ0 */
NAND_CLEAR_RB;
NFCMD = 0;
/* Write Address */
NFADDR = i & 0xff;
NFADDR = (i >> 9) & 0xff;
NFADDR = (i >> 17) & 0xff;
NFADDR = (i >> 25) & 0xff;
NAND_DETECT_RB;
for(j=0; j < NAND_SECTOR_SIZE; j++, i++) {
*buf = (NF# & 0xff);
buf++;
}
}
NAND_CHIP_DISABLE;
return 0;
}
注意:s3c2410与s3c2440的Nand Flash控制器寄存器不同,不能混用!!
3 修改board/tekkaman/tekkaman2440/Makefile文件
......
OBJS := tekkaman2440.o nand_read.o flash.o
......
4 修改include/configs/tekkaman2440.h文件,添加如下内容(注意:s3c2410与s3c2440的Nand Flash控制器寄存器不同,不能混用!!):
......
/*
* Nandflash Boot
*/
#define CONFIG_S3C2440_NAND_BOOT 1
#define STACK_BASE 0x33f00000
#define STACK_SIZE 0x8000
//#define UBOOT_RAM_BASE 0x33f80000
/* NAND Flash Controller */
#define NAND_CTL_BASE 0x4E000000
#define bINT_CTL(Nb) __REG(INT_CTL_BASE + (Nb))
/* Offset */
#define oNFCONF 0x00
#define oNFCONT 0x04
#define oNFCMD 0x08
#define oNFADDR 0x0c
#define oNF# 0x10
#define oNFSTAT 0x20
#define oNFECC 0x2c
/* GPIO */
#define GPIO_CTL_BASE 0x56000000
#define oGPIO_B 0x10
#define oGPIO_CON 0x0 /* R/W, Configures the pins of the port */
#define oGPIO_DAT 0x4 /* R/W, # register for port */
#define oGPIO_UP 0x8 /* R/W, Pull-up disable register */
#endif /* __CONFIG_H */
5 修改board/tekkaman/tekkaman2440/lowlevel_init.S文件
依照开发板的内存区的配置情况, 修改board/tekkaman/tekkaman2440/lowlevel_init.S文件,我利用友善之臂提供的vivi源码里的信息做了如下更改:
......
/* REFRESH parameter */
#define REFEN 0x1 /* Refresh enable */
#define TREFMD 0x0 /* CBR(CAS before RAS)/Auto refresh */
#define Trp 0x2 /* 4clk */
#define Trc 0x3 /* 7clk */
#define Tchr 0x2 /* 3clk */
#define REFCNT 1012
......