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2007-05-24 09:21:19
Biculturalism
By Joel Spolsky
Sunday, December
14, 2003
原文地址:
看过很多关于Unix/Linux和Window之争的文章。即使是我这么偏爱Unix/Linux的人,都会觉得那些文章中的绝大多数太过偏激,要么把Windows贬得一无是处,要么把Windows美化得白璧无瑕。
我的工作不是windows编程,我也很不喜欢Windows编程,可我的日常工作生活仍然离不开Windows。即使像我这样的程序员,让我在Linux/Unix下配置一台打印机,或者安装一个声卡,也是让我头疼的事情。Windows之所以如此流行,决不是偶然,有它内在的深刻原因。Unix/Linux的设计很优美,实现也很优秀,但是为什么在某些领域
最近看《Joel on Software》专栏,发现这个专栏作者发布在2003年年底的一篇文,把这个问题讲得一清二楚,态度公允,分析深入
------------------开始啦-----------------
Unix和Windows从功能上看越来越相似,剩下的不同仅仅是文化差异。举个例子
Unix和Windows程序员的文化差异是什么呢?我们暂且不细说这里面的细枝末节
20世纪60年代末,Unix刚刚诞生,Unix社区的核心文化正在形成,当时的计算机没有“最终用户”
例如,Unix的一个重要原则就是“清晰区分策略和机制”。该原则源于X系统的设计。(虎注:X为Unix系统上的图形用户界面的基础设施,其设计者明确提出,X实现的“是机制,不是策略”——X是一个通用图形引擎,用户界面风格的选择,应该是toolkit以及系统中另外一些级别上的决策。策略和机制都会有演进
Linux没准永远都不会成为一个好的桌面操作系统,因为Unix文化所看重的那些东西本身,就妨碍了Linux成为一个面向最终用户的桌面系统。OS/X就是一个例证:Apple终于创造出了面向最终用户的Unix,唯一的原因是,Apple的工程师和领导者都坚定地以最终用户为核心,而完全放弃了Unix文化中最基本的“以程序员为核心”的理念。他们甚至把Unix的核心目录改名了——“bin”和”lib”变成了对一般用户来说更通俗易懂的”application”和”library”。
原文最后一段说得也很好……既然是结尾了,就偷偷懒,原文照抄:
There are too
many monocultural programmers who, like the typical American kid who
never left St. Paul, Minnesota, can't quite tell the difference between
a cultural value and a core human value. I've encountered too many Unix
programmers who sneer at Windows programming, thinking that Windows
is heathen and stupid. Raymond all too frequently falls into the trap
of disparaging the values of other cultures without considering where
they came from. It's rather rare to find such bigotry among Windows
programmers, who are, on the whole, solution-oriented and non-ideological.
At the very least, Windows programmers will concede the faults of their
culture and say pragmatically, "Look, if you want to sell a word
processor to a lot of people, it has to run on their computers, and
if that means we use the Evil Registry instead of elegant ~/.rc files
to store our settings, so be it." The very fact that the Unix world
is so full of self-righteous cultural superiority, "advocacy,"
and slashdot-karma-whoring sectarianism while the Windows world is more
practical ("yeah, whatever, I just need to make a living here")
stems from a culture that feels itself under siege, unable to break
out of the server closet and hobbyist market and onto the mainstream
desktop. This haughtiness-from-a-position-of