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2009-03-03 22:59:11
Cats excrete the pathogen in their faeces for a number of weeks after contracting the disease, generally by eating an infected rodent. Even then, cat faeces are not generally contagious for the first day or two after excretion, after which the cyst 'ripens' and becomes potentially pathogenic. Studies have shown that only about 2% of cats are shedding oocysts at any one time, and that oocyst shedding does not recur even after repeated exposure to the parasite. Although the pathogen has been detected on the fur of cats, it has not been found in an infectious form, and direct infection from handling cats is generally believed to be very rare.
猫感染弓形虫的原因多为吃了带病的老鼠，在受感染后若干星期后通过粪便排出病原体。尽管如此，这些粪便在排出后并不马上具传染性，经过一两天后，胞囊成熟才会有潜在传染性。研究表明，只有 2% 的猫会排出一次胞囊，并且以后不再排出，即使猫体内仍有寄生虫。虽然在猫的毛中能发现病原体，但不具备传染性。接触猫直接染病被认为是非常罕见的。
toxoplasmosis is a special form in which an unborn child is infected via the . A positive antibody
indicates previous exposure and immunity and largely ensures the unborn
baby's safety. A simple blood draw at the first pre-natal doctor visit
can determine whether or not the woman has had previous exposure and
therefore whether or not she is at risk. If a woman receives her first
exposure to toxoplasmosis while pregnant, the baby is at particular
risk. A woman with no previous exposure should avoid handling raw meat,
exposure to cat feces, and gardening (cat feces are common in garden
soil). Most cats are not actively shedding
and so are not a danger, but the risk may be reduced further by having
the litterbox emptied daily (oocysts require longer than a single day
to become infective), and by having someone else empty the litterbox.
However, while risks can be minimized, they cannot be eliminated.
先天性弓形虫病通过胎盘感染给胎儿的。如果孕妇弓形虫抗体检验呈阳性，表明孕妇以前曾被感染并产生抗体，可以保护婴儿。在首次产前会诊时做一次简单的血检可以测试孕妇是否有相应抗体，胎儿是否面临风险。如果孕妇在怀孕期间第一次被弓形虫感染，胎儿会有危险。如果孕妇以前不曾感染弓形虫，则她应该避免接触生肉，猫的粪便，以及花园的泥土（猫粪常在泥中）。多数猫并不活跃地排出胞囊，所以并不危险。如果每天彻底换掉猫沙（不是孕妇，另外找个人）会进一步降低风险，因为胞囊至少要一天后才具感染性。虽然风险能被最小化，但不能消除。
