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分类: LINUX
2011-04-16 20:54:07
Ubuntu10.10下利用crosstool-ng构建交叉编译链
之所以用crosstool-ng是因为crosstool-ng是最新的用来建立交叉工具链的工具,正如其官网所说,crosstool-ng is a rewrite of the original crosstool by Dan Kegel.它是crosstool的替代者,crosstool的gcc版本只能到4.1.1,无法编译版本高于2.6.29 的linux内核,而crosstool-ng一直保存着更新,而且crosstool-ng is really targetted at building toolchains, and only toolchains.
系统环境:pursuitxh@ubuntu:~$ uname -a
Linux ubuntu 2.6.35-24-generic #42-Ubuntu SMP Thu Dec 2 01:41:57 UTC 2010 i686 GNU/Linux
一、下载crosstool-ng,并为使用安装必要的软件。
crosstool-ng的下载地址是:
值得注意的是,下载里最新的crosstool-ng以后,记得在到看看有没有相应的补丁,有得话一起下载下来。
我这次使用的是1.9.2
使用crosstool-ng必须先安装一些开发用的软件,在ubuntu下必须安装(使用apt):
|
#apt-get install libncurses5-dev
#apt-get install bison
#apt-get install flex
#apt-get install texinfo
#apt-get install automake
#apt-get install libtool
#apt-get install patch
#apt-get install gcj
#apt-get install cvs
#apt-get install cvsd
#apt-get install gawk
然后手动安装termcap
#cd /tmp
#wget ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/termcap/termcap-1.3.1.tar.gz
#tar zxvf termcap-1.3.1.tar.gz
#cd termcap-1.3.1
#./configure --prefix=/usr
#make
#make install
二,解压、打补丁(如果有)并建立工作目录
crosstool-ng和crosstool不同的地方之一就是:她并不是一下载下来就可以使用了,必须先配置安装。
将下载下来的crosstool-ng-X.Y.Z.tar.bz2解压到你为她准备的工作目录(这里假设为/home/lwm/software/crosstool),并建立安装和编译目录。
#tar xjvf crosstool-ng-1.9.2.tar.bz2 -C /home/lwm/software/crosstool
#cd /home/lwm/software/crosstool //进入工作目录
#mkdir crosstool-ng-1.9.2_build //这是编译新交叉编译器的工作目录
#mkdir crosstool-ng-1.9.2_install //这是crosstool-ng的安装目录
#cd crosstool-ng-1.9.2 //进入解压后的 crosstool-ng-1.9.2目录
#patch -p1 < 补丁文件 //如果有补丁,打补丁
#./configure –prefix=/home/lwm/software/crosstool/crosstool-ng-1.9.2_install //配置crosstool-ng
#make //编译crosstool-ng
#make install //安装crosstool-ng
# echo "PATH=$PATH:/home/lwm/software/crosstool/crosstool-ng-1.9.2_install/bin" >> ~/.bashrc //为后面调用ct-ng命令增加环境变量
# source ~/.bashrc
# ct-ng help
This is crosstool-NG version 1.9.2
Copyright (C) 2008 Yann E. MORIN
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.
There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
See below for a list of available actions, listed by category:
Configuration actions:
menuconfig - Update current config using a menu based program
oldconfig - Update current config using a provided .config as base
extractconfig - Extract to stdout the configuration items from a
build.log file piped to stdin
saveconfig - Save current config as a preconfigured target
show-tuple - Print the tuple of the currently configured toolchain
Preconfigured toolchains (#: force number of // jobs):
list-samples - prints the list of all samples (for scripting)
show-
build-all[.#] - Build *all* samples (list with list-samples) and install in
${CT_PREFIX} (which you must set)
Build actions (#: force number of // jobs):
build[.#] - Build the currently configured toolchain
list-steps - List all build steps
Clean actions:
clean - Remove generated files
distclean - Remove generated files, configuration and build directories
Distribution actions:
wiki-samples - Print a DokuWiki table of samples
updatetools - Update the config tools
tarball - Build a tarball of the configured toolchain
Environement variables (see /home/lwm/software/crosstool/crosstool-ng-1.9.2_install/share/doc/ct-ng-1.9.2/0 - Table of content.txt):
STOP=step - Stop the build just after this step (list with list-steps)
RESTART=step - Restart the build just before this step (list with list-steps)
CT_PREFIX=dir - install samples in dir (see action "build-all", above).
V=0|1|2 - 0 => show only human-readable messages (default)
1 => show only the commands being executed
2 => show both
Use action "menuconfig" to configure your toolchain
Use action "build" to build your toolchain
Use action "version" to see the version
See "man 1 ct-ng" for some help as well
pursuitxh@ubuntu:/home/lwm/software/crosstool$
好了,crosstool-ng安装成功。
三,配置本次编译的交叉编译工具链
接下来就是配置你要编译的交叉编译工具链了,在crosstool-ng已很多已经做好的默认配置(位于crosstool-ng- X.Y.Z/samples目录下),你只要针对其进行修改就好了。对于编译器组件部分的版本最好不要修改,因为那个配搭应该是经过测试后的最高本版了,但内核版本可以修改。
#mkdir /home/lwm/software/mini2440/x-tools //建立交叉编译器的安装路径
#mkdir /home/lwm/software/mini2440/crosstool-ng/src //建立保存源码包目录
#cd /home/lwm/software/crosstool/crosstool-ng-1.9.2_build/
//进入编译新交叉编译器的工作目录
#cp ../crosstool-ng-1.9.2/samples/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi /* ./
//拷贝默认配置文件到工作目录
#mv crosstool.config .config
//修改文件名
#../crosstool-ng-1.9.2_install/bin/ct-ng menuconfig
进入menuconfig,开始修改配置。
此时会出现crosstool-ng的配置窗口,针对armv4t体系架构,因为mini2440用的是armv4t架构,开始对其进行修改配置:
0、已下载好的源码包路径和交叉编译器的安装路径。
Paths and misc options --->
(/home/lwm/software/mini2440/crosstool-ng/src) Local tarballs directory 保存源码包路径
(/home/lwm/software/mini2440/x-tools/${CT_TARGET}) Prefix directory 交叉编译器的安装路径
这两个请依据你的实际情况来修改。
1、Target options --->
*** Target optimisations ***
(armv4t) Architecture level
(arm9tdmi) Emit assembly for CPU
(arm920t) Tune for CPU
通过查找资料,这个应该是指令集的架构,对于S3C2410/S3C2440,都是ARM920T的核心,架构指令是armv4t,所以,如果要编译2410/2440的,就选armv4t。以此类推S3C6410 ARM1176JZF-S核心 使用的是armv6架构,就选armv6,那么具体都支持哪些架构呢?可以用man gcc来查询,搜索arm,再搜索-march=就可以找到本gcc支持的处理器核心列表了。
以上这几个参数是如何得出的可以参考gcc的man手册,你可以在你下载的gcc-4.3.2.tar.bz2解压后找到,她的位置是gcc-4.3.2/gcc/doc/gcc.1。打开方式:
man ./gcc.1 |
你可以在其中找到:
...... ...... |
2、根据参考资料,禁止内核头文件检测(只起到节约时间的作用(不到1S的时间),不推荐禁用)
Operating System --->
[N] Check installed headers
3、增加编译时的并行进程数,以增加运行效率,加快编译。
Paths and misc options --->
*** Build behavior ***
(4) Number of parallel jobs
这个数值不宜过大,应该为CPU数量的两倍。由于我的CPU是双核的,所以我填了4.
4、一些个性化的修改(可以不修改)
Toolchain options --->
*** Tuple completion and aliasing ***
(lwm) Tuple's vendor string
这样产生的编译器前缀就是:arm-lwm-linux-gnueabi-
5、C compiler --->
(crosstool-NG-${CT_VERSION}-lwm) gcc ID string
以上红色字体部分即为修改之处。
配置好以后保存。
最后,内核源码的版本号修改,请直接修改crosstool-ng-1.9.2_build目录下的.config文件,不止一处,有关的都要修改。
有:
CT_KERNEL_VERSION= |
如果再次../crosstool-ng-1.9.2_install/bin/ct-ng menuconfig,这个修改又会复原,必须再次手工修改。
你也可以选择修改crosstool-ng-X.Y.Z_build/config/kernel/linux.in等文件,只是比较麻烦,但这可以彻底解决,实现在界面中增加内核版本。
配置完后,在crosstool-ng-1.9.2_build目录下执行命令:$ ct-ng build.4。
接下来,就是漫长的等待。crosstool-ng会自动下载相应的包,内核文件,然后解压,配置,编译,链接。
我用的是这种方法。
虽然crosstool-ng发现找不到软件包的时候会自动下载,但是比较慢。根据这次的配置情况(查看“.config”文件),我预先下载了以下的软件包:
[EXTRA] Saving 'linux-2.6.36.tar.bz2' to local storage
[EXTRA] Saving 'gmp-4.3.2.tar.bz2' to local storage
[EXTRA] Saving 'mpfr-2.4.2.tar.bz2' to local storage
[EXTRA] Saving 'ppl-0.10.2.tar.bz2' to local storage
[EXTRA] Saving 'cloog-ppl-0.15.10.tar.gz' to local storage
[EXTRA] Saving 'libelf-0.8.13.tar.gz' to local storage
[EXTRA] Saving 'binutils-2.19.1.tar.bz2' to local storage
[EXTRA] Saving 'gcc-4.3.2.tar.bz2' to local storage
[EXTRA] Saving 'ecj-latest.jar' to local storage
[EXTRA] Saving 'glibc-2.9.tar.bz2' to local storage
[EXTRA] Saving 'glibc-ports-2.9.tar.bz2' to local storage
[EXTRA] Saving 'dmalloc-5.5.2.tgz' to local storage
[EXTRA] Saving 'duma_2_5_15.tar.gz' to local storage
[EXTRA] Saving 'gdb-6.8.tar.bz2' to local storage
[EXTRA] Saving 'ncurses-5.7.tar.gz' to local storage
[EXTRA] Saving 'expat-2.0.1.tar.gz' to local storage
[EXTRA] Saving 'ltrace_0.5.3.orig.tar.gz' to local storage
[EXTRA] Saving 'strace-4.5.19.tar.bz2' to local storage
下载完之后,记得将这些软件包放在配置时指定的文件夹。
接着和上面一样,在/crosstool-ng-1.9.2_install/bin/目录下执行 ct-ng build.4
进行编译,我大约用了两个小时
六、增加环境变量
以上过程若没有出现错误,那恭喜你成功了,是否该打开香槟庆祝一下呢,sorry,我没有,以后一定有。呀,但别急,还需要最后一步,就是增加环境变量,输入:
$ echo "PATH=$PATH:/home/lwm/software/mini2440/x-tools/arm-lwm-linux-gnueabi/bin" >> ~/.bashrc。
OK,大功造成,是否该测试一下呢,简单:
pursuitxh@ubuntu:/home/lwm/software/crosstool/crosstool-ng-1.9.2_build$ arm-lwm-linux-gnueabi-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
Target: arm-lwm-linux-gnueabi
Configured with: /home/lwm/software/crosstool/crosstool-ng-1.9.2_build/.build/src/gcc-4.3.2/configure --build=i686-build_pc-linux-gnu --host=i686-build_pc-linux-gnu --target=arm-lwm-linux-gnueabi --prefix=/home/lwm/software/mini2440/x-tools/arm-lwm-linux-gnueabi --with-sysroot=/home/lwm/software/mini2440/x-tools/arm-lwm-linux-gnueabi/arm-lwm-linux-gnueabi//sys-root --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,java --disable-multilib --with-arch=armv4t --with-cpu=arm9tdmi --with-tune=arm920t --with-float=soft --with-pkgversion=crosstool-NG-1.9.2-lwm --disable-sjlj-exceptions --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libmudflap --disable-libgomp --disable-libssp --with-gmp=/home/lwm/software/crosstool/crosstool-ng-1.9.2_build/.build/arm-lwm-linux-gnueabi/build/static --with-mpfr=/home/lwm/software/crosstool/crosstool-ng-1.9.2_build/.build/arm-lwm-linux-gnueabi/build/static --enable-threads=posix --enable-target-optspace --with-local-prefix=/home/lwm/software/mini2440/x-tools/arm-lwm-linux-gnueabi/arm-lwm-linux-gnueabi//sys-root --disable-nls --enable-symvers=gnu --enable-c99 --enable-long-long
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.3.2 (crosstool-NG-1.9.2-lwm)
pursuitxh@ubuntu:/home/lwm/software/crosstool/crosstool-ng-1.9.2_build$
七、编译好后的交叉编译器。
编译器位于:#/home/lwm/software/mini2440/x-tools/arm-lwm-linux-gnueabi/bin
库文件位于:#/home/lwm/software/mini2440/x-tools/arm-lwm-linux-gnueabi/arm-lwm-linux-gnueabi/lib
出现问题:
root@ubuntu:/home/lwm/software/crosstool/crosstool-ng-1.9.2_build# ct-ng build.4
[INFO ] Performing some trivial sanity checks
[INFO ] Build started 20110111.111651
[INFO ] Building environment variables
[EXTRA] Preparing working directories
[ERROR] Missing: 'i686-pc-linux-gnu-g++' or 'i686-pc-linux-gnu-g++' or 'g++' : either needed!
[00:01] / make[1]: *** [build] 错误 1
make: *** [build.4] 错误 2
解决办法:
root@ubuntu:/home/lwm/software/crosstool/crosstool-ng-1.9.2_build# apt-get install g++
最后编写一个程序测试一下:
#include
int main()
{
printf(“hello,this is my own toolchain!\n”);
}
#arm-lwm-linux-gnueabi-gcc -o hello.c hello
#file hello
pursuitxh@ubuntu:/home$ file hello
hello: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.36, not stripped
参考博客:
http://blogold.chinaunix.net/u1/34474/showart_2198589.html
http://blogold.chinaunix.net/u3/104206/showart_2325147.html
http://hi.baidu.com/caicry/blog/item/f306db639c4281680c33fa1b.html